---
title: "Acute heart failure phenotypes in the ED: clinical features and 1-year prognostic differences"
id: "pubmed-42681602"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42681602"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Critical Care"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/"
doi: "10.1186/s12873-026-01628-2"
published_at: "2026-09-02T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Acute heart failure phenotypes in the ED: clinical features and 1-year prognostic differences
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42681602
- **Specialty:** [Critical Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/)
- **DOI:** [10.1186/s12873-026-01628-2](https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12873-026-01628-2)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-02T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This prospective-retrospective real-world study enrolled 2,960 adults presenting with **acute heart failure (AHF)** to the emergency department and classified them per the 2021 **ESC** phenotypes: acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), acute pulmonary oedema (APO), isolated right ventricular failure (IRVF), and cardiogenic shock (CS). - Clinical characteristics and treatment patterns varied substantially across phenotypes; the study reports phenotype-specific profiles but detailed per-phenotype demographics and treatments were not reproduced in the abstract. - Observed 1-year all-cause mortality differed markedly by phenotype: 10.3% for ADHF, 11.0% for APO, 24.5% for **IRVF**, and 58.7% for **CS** (P < 0.001). - In adjusted multivariable Cox regression, IRVF was independently associated with higher 1-year all-cause mortality (HR 1.92; 95% CI 1.02–3.63; P = 0.044) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.22; 95% CI 1.10–4.48; P = 0.027). - Cardiogenic shock (CS) was independently associated with increased risks of 1-year all-cause mortality (HR 2.22; 95% CI 1.34–3.67; P = 0.002) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.71; 95% CI 1.57–4.66; P < 0.001). - The findings support phenotype-based risk stratification in the ED, identifying **IRVF** and **CS** as high-risk presentations with worse 1-year outcomes. - Ethical oversight: approved by the Ethics Committee of Fuwai Hospital (approval No. 2024–2394) with informed consent obtained; authors declare no competing interests. - The abstract does not report granular treatment protocols, full covariate lists used in adjustments, or study limitations beyond the provided conflict-of-interest and ethics statements.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42681602%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/af7de7da-df5d-41c6-8de4-8c266af8ccfb/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42681602%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42681602%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#abstract) * [ Conflict of interest statement ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#conflict-of-interest) * [Similar articles](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#similar) * [ References ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#references) * [ Publication types ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#publication-types) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#mesh-terms) * [ Grants and funding ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#grants) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Similar articles References Publication types MeSH terms Grants and funding Observational Study BMC Emerg Med Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22BMC+Emerg+Med%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22BMC+Emerg+Med%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/) . 2026 Sep 2;26(1):165. doi: 10.1186/s12873-026-01628-2. # Clinical characteristics and prognostic differences among acute heart failure phenotypes in the emergency department: a real-world study [Hanyang Liang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liang+H&cauthor_id=42681602)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China."), [Yimeng Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+Y&cauthor_id=42681602)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China."), [Yijing Xin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xin+Y&cauthor_id=42681602)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China."), [Yulong Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+Y&cauthor_id=42681602)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China."), [Chujie Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+C&cauthor_id=42681602)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China."), [Yanmin Yang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yang+Y&cauthor_id=42681602)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China. yymfw2023@163.com.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China. * 2 Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China. yymfw2023@163.com. * PMID: **42681602** * DOI: [ 10.1186/s12873-026-01628-2 ](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-026-01628-2) Item in Clipboard Observational Study # Clinical characteristics and prognostic differences among acute heart failure phenotypes in the emergency department: a real-world study Hanyang Liang et al. BMC Emerg Med. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID BMC Emerg Med Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22BMC+Emerg+Med%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22BMC+Emerg+Med%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/) . 2026 Sep 2;26(1):165. doi: 10.1186/s12873-026-01628-2. ### Authors [Hanyang Liang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liang+H&cauthor_id=42681602)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China."), [Yimeng Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+Y&cauthor_id=42681602)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China."), [Yijing Xin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xin+Y&cauthor_id=42681602)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China."), [Yulong Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+Y&cauthor_id=42681602)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China."), [Chujie Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+C&cauthor_id=42681602)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China."), [Yanmin Yang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yang+Y&cauthor_id=42681602)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42681602/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China. yymfw2023@163.com.") ### Affiliations * 1 Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China. * 2 Emergency Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China. yymfw2023@163.com. * PMID: **42681602** * DOI: [ 10.1186/s12873-026-01628-2 ](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-026-01628-2) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** The 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines classify acute heart failure (AHF) into four phenotypes: acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), acute pulmonary oedema (APO), isolated right ventricular failure (IRVF), and cardiogenic shock (CS). However, differences in clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes among these phenotypes in the emergency department (ED) remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate their characteristics and prognostic implications in the ED setting. **Methods:** In this prospective-retrospective observational real-world study, adults presenting with AHF in the ED were consecutively enrolled and categorized according to ESC-defined phenotypes. The study endpoints were 1-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Associations between phenotypes and mortality were assessed using Cox regression models with progressive adjustment. **Results:** A total of 2,960 patients were included. Clinical characteristics and treatment patterns differed substantially across phenotypes. The 1-year all-cause mortality rates were 10.3% in ADHF, 11.0% in APO, 24.5% in IRVF, and 58.7% in CS (P < 0.001). In multivariable Cox analyses adjusting for clinical variables and treatments, IRVF remained independently associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.02-3.63; P = 0.044) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.10-4.48; P = 0.027). CS was also independently associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality (HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.34-3.67; P = 0.002) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.71, 95% CI 1.57-4.66; P < 0.001). **Conclusions:** In this ED-based AHF cohort, IRVF and CS were independently associated with worse 1-year outcomes, supporting phenotype-based risk stratification in the ED. **Keywords:** Acute heart failure; Clinical phenotypes; Emergency department; Prognosis. © 2026. The Author(s). [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval No. 2024–2394) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Consent for publication: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Running Title: Acute heart failure phenotypes and prognosis. ## Similar articles * [ Clinical phenotypes, aetiologies, management, and mortality in acute heart failure: a single-institution study in Latin-America. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33179453/) González-Pacheco H, Álvarez-Sangabriel A, Martínez-Sánchez C, Briseño-Cruz JL, Altamirano-Castillo A, Mendoza-García S, Manzur-Sandoval D, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Sandoval J, Bojalil R, Araiza-Garaygordobil D, Sierra-Lara D, Guiza-Sánchez CA, Gopar-Nieto R, Cruz-Rodríguez C, Valdivia-Nuño JJ, Salas-Teles B, Arias-Mendoza A.González-Pacheco H, et al.ESC Heart Fail. 2021 Feb;8(1):423-437. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13092. Epub 2020 Nov 11.ESC Heart Fail. 2021.PMID: 33179453Free PMC article. * [ Clinical phenotypes of acute heart failure based on signs and symptoms of perfusion and congestion at emergency department presentation and their relationship with patient management and outcomes. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31127677/) Javaloyes P, Miró Ò, Gil V, Martín-Sánchez FJ, Jacob J, Herrero P, Takagi K, Alquézar-Arbé A, López Díez MP, Martín E, Bibiano C, Escoda R, Gil C, Fuentes M, Llopis García G, Álvarez Pérez JM, Jerez A, Tost J, Llauger L, Romero R, Garrido JM, Rodríguez-Adrada E, Sánchez C, Rossello X, Parissis J, Mebazaa A, Chioncel O, Llorens P; ICA-SEMES Research Group.Javaloyes P, et al.Eur J Heart Fail. 2019 Nov;21(11):1353-1365. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1502. Epub 2019 Jun 18.Eur J Heart Fail. 2019.PMID: 31127677 * [ Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics and course of acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock diagnosed in emergency departments. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39807548/) Espinosa B, Llorens P, Jacob J, Gil V, Alquézar A, Dieste Ballarín E, López-Díez MP, Manuel Garrido J, Del Amo S, Tost J, Paz Arias P, Llauger L, Herrero-Puente P, Gorlicki J, Masip J, Miró Ò; Grupo de investigación ICA-SEMES.Espinosa B, et al.Emergencias. 2024 Dec;36(6):425-437. doi: 10.55633/s3me/105.2024.Emergencias. 2024.PMID: 39807548English, Spanish. * [ Factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with acute heart failure presenting to the emergency department: a retrospective cohort study. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41388514/) Changratanakorn C, Tantraworasin A, Khorana J, Wittayachamnankul B.Changratanakorn C, et al.BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025 Dec 12;26(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s12872-025-05430-z.BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025.PMID: 41388514Free PMC article. * [ Mortality and Morbidity Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PM2.5, BC, NO2, and O3: An Analysis of European Cohorts in the ELAPSE Project. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36106702/) Brunekreef B, Strak M, Chen J, Andersen ZJ, Atkinson R, Bauwelinck M, Bellander T, Boutron MC, Brandt J, Carey I, Cesaroni G, Forastiere F, Fecht D, Gulliver J, Hertel O, Hoffmann B, de Hoogh K, Houthuijs D, Hvidtfeldt U, Janssen N, Jorgensen J, Katsouyanni K, Ketzel M, Klompmaker J, Hjertager Krog N, Liu S, Ljungman P, Mehta A, Nagel G, Oftedal B, Pershagen G, Peters A, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Renzi M, Rodopoulou S, Samoli E, Schwarze P, Sigsgaard T, Stafoggia M, Vienneau D, Weinmayr G, Wolf K, Hoek G.Brunekreef B, et al.Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 2021 Sep;2021(208):1-127.Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 2021.PMID: 36106702Free PMC article. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42681602) ## References 1. 1. McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599–726. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34447992/) 2. 1. Chioncel O, Mebazaa A, Harjola VP, Coats AJ, Piepoli MF, Crespo-Leiro MG, et al. Clinical phenotypes and outcome of patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(10):1242–54. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.890) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28463462/) 3. 1. Chioncel O, Mebazaa A, Maggioni AP, Harjola VP, Rosano G, Laroche C, et al. Acute heart failure congestion and perfusion status - impact of the clinical classification on in-hos
## Related Clinical Research

- [Right ventricular dilatation on echocardiography predicts mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patie](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42626049.md) (DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v16.i3.117845)
- [Persistent critical illness in mechanically ventilated acute hypoxic respiratory failure: prevalen](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-9-persistent-critical-illness-in-acute-hypoxic-respiratory-failure-a.md)
- [Phenylephrine vs Ephedrine for Preventing Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients: Trial Protoc](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42745683.md) (DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2026.2732555)
- [Retinal changes on OCT may predict atrial fibrillation risk years before diagnosis](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-0-how-changes-in-the-eyes-may-help-spot-afib-risk-years-early.md)
- [KERENDIA FDA Approval for CKD in Type 1 Diabetes and Arrowhead’s Plozasiran SHASTA-3/4 Phase 3 Res](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/endocrine-news-0-pharma-friday-september-18-2026.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Critical Care Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.