---
title: "Age modifies outcomes of evidence-based feeding protocol versus usual care in critically ill adults"
id: "pubmed-42764372"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42764372"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Critical Care"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/"
doi: "10.1186/s40560-026-00942-y"
published_at: "2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Age modifies outcomes of evidence-based feeding protocol versus usual care in critically ill adults
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42764372
- **Specialty:** [Critical Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/)
- **DOI:** [10.1186/s40560-026-00942-y](https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40560-026-00942-y)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This is a post hoc secondary analysis of the multicentre cluster-randomised NEED trial evaluating whether **age** modifies the association between implementation of an **evidence-based feeding protocol** and clinical outcomes in critically ill adults. - Data included 2,672 newly admitted adult ICU patients (median age 62 years, IQR 49–74; 67.3% male) from multiple Chinese ICUs randomized by cluster to active protocol implementation or usual care. - Age was examined both as a continuous variable and in prespecified categories: ≤65, 66–75, and ≥76 years. - The primary effect-modification assessment tested the interaction between treatment allocation and age for 28-day all-cause **mortality** using mixed-effects Cox regression. - Findings showed a progressive attenuation of treatment benefit with increasing age: each 10-year age increase was associated with a higher adjusted hazard ratio for 28-day mortality (adjusted HR per 10-year increase 1.28; 95% CI 1.13–1.46; interaction P < 0.001). - In age-stratified analyses the feeding protocol reduced 28-day mortality in patients aged ≤65 years (adjusted HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.44–0.92) but not in those 66–75 years (adjusted HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.64–1.60) or ≥76 years (adjusted HR 1.29; 95% CI 0.89–1.88); categorical interaction P = 0.010. - An exploratory outcome (persistent multiple organ failure) showed a similar age-dependent interaction (interaction P = 0.017). Other secondary outcomes were analysed but reported as exploratory. - Results were consistent in per-protocol and sensitivity analyses. The authors stress these are exploratory, hypothesis-generating findings that require confirmation in future prospective studies. - The original NEED trial registration: ISRCTN 12233792. Ethical approval and informed consent procedures were described; authors declared no competing interests.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42764372%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/c24ab723-7c80-48cd-9c68-022ded852586/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42764372%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42764372%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#abstract) * [ Conflict of interest statement ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#conflict-of-interest) * [ References ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#references) * [ Grants and funding ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#grants) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement References Grants and funding J Intensive Care Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Intensive+Care%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Intensive+Care%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/) . 2026 Sep 21;14(1):103. doi: 10.1186/s40560-026-00942-y. # Association between age and outcomes of evidence-based feeding protocol versus usual care in critically ill patients: secondary analysis of a multicenter cluster-randomised controlled trial [Qiuhui Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+Q&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China."), [Jin Ke](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ke+J&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China."), [Yizhe Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+Y&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China."), [Hongyang Xu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xu+H&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China."), [Dingye Wu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wu+D&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China."), [Lu Ke](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ke+L&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China."), [Fengming Liang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liang+F&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China. liangnanyi@sina.com."), [Yang Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+Y&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK. yang.chen2@liverpool.ac.uk.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK. yang.chen2@liverpool.ac.uk."); [Chinese Critical Care Nutrition Trials Group (CCCNTG)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chinese+Critical+Care+Nutrition+Trials+Group+%28CCCNTG%29%5BCorporate+Author%5D) Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China. * 2 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China. * 3 Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China. liangnanyi@sina.com. * 4 Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK. yang.chen2@liverpool.ac.uk. * 5 Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK. yang.chen2@liverpool.ac.uk. * PMID: **42764372** * DOI: [ 10.1186/s40560-026-00942-y ](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-026-00942-y) Item in Clipboard # Association between age and outcomes of evidence-based feeding protocol versus usual care in critically ill patients: secondary analysis of a multicenter cluster-randomised controlled trial Qiuhui Wang et al. J Intensive Care. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID J Intensive Care Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Intensive+Care%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Intensive+Care%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/) . 2026 Sep 21;14(1):103. doi: 10.1186/s40560-026-00942-y. ### Authors [Qiuhui Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+Q&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China."), [Jin Ke](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ke+J&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China."), [Yizhe Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+Y&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China."), [Hongyang Xu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xu+H&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China."), [Dingye Wu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wu+D&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China."), [Lu Ke](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ke+L&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China."), [Fengming Liang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liang+F&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China. liangnanyi@sina.com."), [Yang Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+Y&cauthor_id=42764372)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK. yang.chen2@liverpool.ac.uk.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764372/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK. yang.chen2@liverpool.ac.uk."); [Chinese Critical Care Nutrition Trials Group (CCCNTG)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chinese+Critical+Care+Nutrition+Trials+Group+%28CCCNTG%29%5BCorporate+Author%5D) ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China. * 2 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China. * 3 Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China. liangnanyi@sina.com. * 4 Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK. yang.chen2@liverpool.ac.uk. * 5 Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK. yang.chen2@liverpool.ac.uk. * PMID: **42764372** * DOI: [ 10.1186/s40560-026-00942-y ](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-026-00942-y) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** Nutrition therapy is essential in critically ill patients, yet large randomised trials have shown inconsistent results regarding the effect of an evidence-based feeding protocol. The NEED trial showed a feeding protocol could effectively promote delivery of enteral nutrition (EN) but did not reduce mortality. Age-related physiological differences may modify responses to nutritional therapy. This post hoc analysis of the NEED trial evaluated whether age modifies the association between implementation of an evidence-based feeding protocol and clinical outcomes among critically ill patients. **Methods:** This secondary analysis used data from the multicentre cluster-randomised NEED trial conducted across intensive care units (ICUs) in China. Adult patients newly admitted to participating ICUs were assigned to active implementation of a feeding protocol or usual care. Age was analyzed as both a continuous variable and predefined categories (≤65, 66-75, and ≥76 years). The primary effect-modification analysis evaluated the treatment-age interaction for 28-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcome analyses, including organ failure (OF), persistent multiple OF, ICU length of stay, ICU-free days, infection within 7 days, and feeding intolerance, were exploratory. Mixed-effects Cox and logistic regression models were used to assess treatment effects and age-treatment interactions. **Results:** Among 2672 patients included in the analysis (median age 62 years [IQR 49-74]; 1798 [67.3%] male), the effect of evidence-based feeding protocol on 28-day mortality varied with age. Treatment benefit attenuated progressively with increasing age, with each 10-year increase associated with a higher adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for mortality (1.28; 95% CI 1.13-1.46; continuous interaction P < 0.001). In age-stratified analyses, the intervention reduced mortality in patients aged ≤65 years (adjusted HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.44-0.92) but not in those aged 66-75 years (adjusted HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.64-1.60) or ≥76 years (adjusted HR 1.29; 95% CI 0.89-1.88; categorical interaction P = 0.010). An exploratory analysis showed a similar age-dependent pattern for persistent multiple OF (interaction P = 0.017). Results were consistent in per-protocol and sensitivity analyses. **Conclusions:** In this secondary analysis, associations between an evidence-based feeding protocol and clinical outcomes differed across age groups. These exploratory and hypothesis-generating findings suggest potential age-related heterogeneity in treatment response, which requires confirmation in future prospective studies. Research registration unique identifying number (UIN) of the original NEED trial: ISRCTN Registry, Registry number: ISRCTN 12233792, registered on November 24, 2017. **Keywords:** Age; Critical illness; Enteral nutrition; Mortality; Nutritional therapy. © 2026. The Author(s). [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN12233792), which was approved by the ethics committee of Jinling Hospital (as 22017NZKY-019-02). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients or next of kin. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. ## References 1. 1. de Man AME, Gunst J, Reintam Blaser A. Nutrition in the intensive care unit: from the acute phase to beyond. Intensive Care Med. 2024;50(7):1035–48. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-024-07458-9) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38771368/) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/11245425/) 2. 1. Gramlich L, Guenter P. Enteral nutrition in hospitalized adults. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(15):1518–30. -
## Related Clinical Research

- [Congenital CMV Screening Implementation in a Large Hospital System](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42764176.md) (DOI: 10.1542/peds.2026-076776)
- [CT findings predictive of gangrenous cholecystitis: systematic review and meta-analysis](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42764326.md) (DOI: 10.1007/s10140-026-02544-5)
- [Persistent critical illness in mechanically ventilated acute hypoxic respiratory failure: prevalen](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-9-persistent-critical-illness-in-acute-hypoxic-respiratory-failure-a.md)
- [Impact of Medicaid Meal Deliveries Facing Budget Cuts and Policy Challenges](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/kff-health-news-0-cost-saving-medicaid-meal-deliveries-threatened-by-cuts-policy-uncertainty.md)
- [Digital Automation for Scalable, Zero-Cost Mechanical Ventilation Assessment](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-5-zero-cost-digital-automation-for-scalable-assessment-in-a-national-mechanical.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Critical Care Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.