---
title: "Black Immigrant Life Expectancy in the US: Heterogeneity, Trends, and Pandemic Impact"
id: "pubmed-42154526"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42154526"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Critical Care"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42154526/"
doi: "10.1093/aje/kwag108"
published_at: "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Black Immigrant Life Expectancy in the US: Heterogeneity, Trends, and Pandemic Impact
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42154526
- **Specialty:** [Critical Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42154526/)
- **DOI:** [10.1093/aje/kwag108](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Faje%2Fkwag108)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The commentary reviews findings from Hendi and Clevenstine showing notably high **life expectancy** among **Black immigrants** in the United States. - Black immigrants accounted for nearly 15% of the increase in Black life expectancy between 1994 and 2019, according to the cited analysis. - The same work documents an extreme rise in mortality among Black immigrants during the **COVID-19** pandemic. - The results are judged credible despite significant data and analytic challenges inherent to studying immigrant mortality and population composition. - The author emphasizes that many studies have homogenized the Black population and that failing to take **heterogeneity** seriously produces analytical weaknesses. - The commentary calls for new research directions: attention to changes in Black immigrants' countries or regions of origin and circumstances; reinterpretation of **Black/White trends** in light of shifting population composition; and focused investigation into drivers of pandemic-era mortality among Black immigrants. - Keywords highlighted include Black immigrant, life expectancy, population heterogeneity, and racial disparities. - Article metadata: Elizabeth Wrigley-Field; Am J Epidemiol; 2026 Sep 3;195(9):2498-2501; PMID 42154526; DOI 10.1093/aje/kwag108.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. * 2 Minnesota Population Center and Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. * PMID: **42154526** * DOI: [ 10.1093/aje/kwag108 ](https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag108) Item in Clipboard # Taking heterogeneity seriously: Black immigrant life expectancy in the United States Elizabeth Wrigley-Field. Am J Epidemiol. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Am J Epidemiol Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Am+J+Epidemiol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Am+J+Epidemiol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42154526/) . 2026 Sep 3;195(9):2498-2501. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwag108. ### Author [Elizabeth Wrigley-Field](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wrigley-Field+E&cauthor_id=42154526)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42154526/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42154526/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Minnesota Population Center and Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. * 2 Minnesota Population Center and Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. * PMID: **42154526** * DOI: [ 10.1093/aje/kwag108 ](https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag108) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract The article by Hendi and Clevenstine (Am J Epidemiol. 2025;195(6)) documents notably high life expectancy among US Black immigrants, accounting for almost 15% of the increased Black life expectancy between 1994 and 2019, as well as an extreme rise in mortality among Black immigrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results are credible in spite of the significant data and analytic challenges intrinsic to the research question. They suggest the need for new avenues of research, including research that is attentive to substantial changes in Black immigrants' origins and situations, research that reinterprets Black/White trends in light of a changing population composition, and research into the drivers of pandemic-era mortality. Much of the research on Black/White trends has homogenized the Black population, and these results dramatize the analytical weaknesses of failing to take heterogeneity seriously. **Keywords:** Black immigrant; life expectancy; population heterogeneity; racial disparities. © The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Ten Americas: a systematic analysis of life expectancy disparities in the USA. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39581204/) Dwyer-Lindgren L, Baumann MM, Li Z, Kelly YO, Schmidt C, Searchinger C, La Motte-Kerr W, Bollyky TJ, Mokdad AH, Murray CJ.Dwyer-Lindgren L, et al.Lancet. 2024 Dec 7;404(10469):2299-2313. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01495-8. Epub 2024 Nov 21.Lancet. 2024.PMID: 39581204Free PMC article. * [ Increased homicide played a key role in driving Black-White disparities in life expectancy among men during the COVID-19 pandemic. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39167593/) Light MT, Vachuska K.Light MT, et al.PLoS One. 2024 Aug 21;19(8):e0308105. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308105. eCollection 2024.PLoS One. 2024.PMID: 39167593Free PMC article. * [ Pre-pandemic trends and Black:White inequities in life expectancy across the 30 most populous U.S. cities: a population-based study. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37993811/) Silva A, Saiyed NS, Canty E, Benjamins MR.Silva A, et al.BMC Public Health. 2023 Nov 22;23(1):2310. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17214-1.BMC Public Health. 2023.PMID: 37993811Free PMC article. * [ Significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on race/ethnic differences in US mortality. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35998219/) Aburto JM, Tilstra AM, Floridi G, Dowd JB.Aburto JM, et al.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Aug 30;119(35):e2205813119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2205813119. Epub 2022 Aug 23.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022.PMID: 35998219Free PMC article. * [ Mortality Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups in the Veterans Health Administration: An Evidence Review and Map. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29412713/) Peterson K, Anderson J, Boundy E, Ferguson L, McCleery E, Waldrip K.Peterson K, et al.Am J Public Health. 2018 Mar;108(3):e1-e11. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304246.Am J Public Health. 2018.PMID: 29412713Free PMC article.Review. 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