---
title: "COVID-19 at Delivery Associated with Higher Postpartum Anxiety, Depression, and Bonding Difficulti"
id: "pubmed-42704218"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42704218"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Critical Care"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42704218/"
doi: "10.1080/0167482X.2026.2728364"
published_at: "2026-09-07T16:10:01.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# COVID-19 at Delivery Associated with Higher Postpartum Anxiety, Depression, and Bonding Difficulti
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42704218
- **Specialty:** [Critical Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42704218/)
- **DOI:** [10.1080/0167482X.2026.2728364](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0167482X.2026.2728364)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-07T16:10:01.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This comparative cross-sectional study assessed postpartum **depression**, **anxiety**, and **mother-infant bonding** in 107 women tested for COVID-19 at delivery: 53 positive and 54 negative by PCR. - Data were collected during the first few days of postpartum hospitalization using a sociodemographic form, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire. - Women who were **COVID-19 positive** at delivery had significantly higher scores for depressive symptoms, state anxiety, and bonding difficulties compared with COVID-19–negative women. - In both groups, higher depressive and anxiety symptoms correlated positively with greater bonding problems; correlations were stronger in the COVID-19–positive group. - Multivariate analyses showed that depressive symptoms and especially **state anxiety** remained independently associated with bonding difficulties; after adjustment for anxiety, COVID-19 status was no longer a significant independent predictor of bonding problems. - The study underscores the potential mental health and bonding impacts of infection-control measures and pandemic-era changes in maternity care, and highlights the importance of care practices that support maternal mental health and healthy **mother-infant bonding** during public health emergencies. - Sample size, measurement timing (first few postpartum days), scales used, and the finding that anxiety explained the COVID–bonding association are the primary reported study details.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Sep 7. # Maternal bonding and psychological symptoms among women with and without COVID-19 infection: a comparative cross-sectional study [Merve Dilli Gürkan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dilli+G%C3%BCrkan+M&cauthor_id=42704218)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42704218/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Bandırma Training and Research Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey."), [Erdem Gürkan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=G%C3%BCrkan+E&cauthor_id=42704218)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42704218/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Bandırma Training and Research Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey."), [Özlem Yıldız Gündoğdu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=G%C3%BCndo%C4%9Fdu+%C3%96Y&cauthor_id=42704218)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42704218/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Bandırma Training and Research Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey. * 2 Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey. * PMID: **42704218** * DOI: [ 10.1080/0167482X.2026.2728364 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482x.2026.2728364) Item in Clipboard Comparative Study # Maternal bonding and psychological symptoms among women with and without COVID-19 infection: a comparative cross-sectional study Merve Dilli Gürkan et al. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Psychosom+Obstet+Gynaecol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Psychosom+Obstet+Gynaecol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42704218/) . 2026 Dec 31;47(1):2728364. doi: 10.1080/0167482X.2026.2728364. Epub 2026 Sep 7. ### Authors [Merve Dilli Gürkan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dilli+G%C3%BCrkan+M&cauthor_id=42704218)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42704218/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Bandırma Training and Research Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey."), [Erdem Gürkan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=G%C3%BCrkan+E&cauthor_id=42704218)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42704218/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Bandırma Training and Research Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey."), [Özlem Yıldız Gündoğdu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=G%C3%BCndo%C4%9Fdu+%C3%96Y&cauthor_id=42704218)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42704218/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.") ### Affiliations * 1 Bandırma Training and Research Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey. * 2 Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey. * PMID: **42704218** * DOI: [ 10.1080/0167482X.2026.2728364 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482x.2026.2728364) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** Childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic involved infection-control measures and changes in maternity care that may have increased psychological stress and affected early mother-infant bonding, particularly among women infected at delivery. **Objective:** This study aimed to compare postpartum depressive symptoms, anxiety levels, and mother-infant bonding among women with positive versus negative COVID-19 PCR test results at the time of delivery. **Methods:** The study included 107 postpartum women (53 COVID-19 positive, 54 COVID-19 negative). Participants completed a sociodemographic form, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire within the first few days of postpartum hospitalization. **Results:** COVID-19-positive women had significantly higher depressive symptoms, state anxiety, and bonding difficulty scores. In both groups, depressive and anxiety symptoms were positively correlated with bonding problems, with stronger associations in the positive group. In multivariate analyses, depressive symptoms and particularly state anxiety remained independently associated with bonding difficulties, whereas COVID-19 status was no longer significantly associated after adjustment for anxiety. **Conclusions:** This study emphasizes the importance of considering care practices that support both maternal mental health and healthy mother-infant bonding when planning maternity services during public health emergencies. **Keywords:** COVID-19; Maternal bonding; anxiety; pandemic; postpartum depression. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Depression, Anxiety, and Mother-Infant Bonding in Women Seeking Treatment for Postpartum Depression Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34232578/) Layton H, Owais S, Savoy CD, Van Lieshout RJ.Layton H, et al.J Clin Psychiatry. 2021 Jul 6;82(4):21m13874. doi: 10.4088/JCP.21m13874.J Clin Psychiatry. 2021.PMID: 34232578 * [ Impact of COVID-19 lockdown-associated visitor restrictions on mother-child interaction and emotional state of women in the puerperium - a retrospective cohort study. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40811104/) Höhn I, Hernadi A, Zihlmann R, Coelius C, Walter K, Hamza A, Ochsenbein-Kölble N, Schäffer L.Höhn I, et al.Swiss Med Wkly. 2025 Aug 5;155:3894. doi: 10.57187/s.3894.Swiss Med Wkly. 2025.PMID: 40811104 * [ Primiparas' prenatal depressive symptoms, anxiety, and salivary oxytocin level predict early postnatal maternal-infant bonding: a Japanese longitudinal study. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38407602/) Kanekasu H, Shiraiwa Y, Taira S, Watanabe H.Kanekasu H, et al.Arch Womens Ment Health. 2024 Aug;27(4):649-658. doi: 10.1007/s00737-024-01441-5. 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