---
title: "Effectiveness of the Influenza Vaccine in Shenzhen Schoolchildren, 2024–25: Test-Negative Study"
id: "pubmed-42702143"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42702143"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Critical Care"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/"
doi: "10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129100"
published_at: "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Effectiveness of the Influenza Vaccine in Shenzhen Schoolchildren, 2024–25: Test-Negative Study
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42702143
- **Specialty:** [Critical Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129100](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2026.129100)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The article titled “Real-world effectiveness of the **influenza vaccine** among **school-aged children** in **Shenzhen**, China, 2024–2025 season” was published in Vaccine (2026) and is indexed as PMID 42702143. - The study’s design is described in the title as a **test-negative design**; the JINA source text did not include the abstract or outcome data in the provided content. - Authors include Jianhua Lu, Zhiyao Ouyang, Fang Huang and multiple co-authors affiliated with Shenzhen CDC, Sun Yat-sen University (Shenzhen), University of Hong Kong and regional hospitals. - Publication details available: Vaccine. 2026 Oct 24:92:129100. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129100. Epub 2026 Sep 6. - The source text did not report sample size, case definitions, vaccination coverage, vaccine types, laboratory methods, age strata, effect estimates, confidence intervals, or p-values; those elements were not present in the provided PubMed content. - The available metadata establishes scope (school-aged children, Shenzhen, 2024–25 season) and methodology label (test-negative), but not measured effectiveness or subgroup results. - Key unanswered items for clinicians and public-health teams: the magnitude of vaccine effectiveness, antigenic match for the season, laboratory confirmation criteria, timing of vaccination relative to influenza circulation, and any adverse-event or safety reporting; the source did not supply these details. - The article’s affiliations span public-health agencies, academic public-health schools, a children’s hospital and district-level preventive care departments, indicating multidisciplinary regional collaboration.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Sep 6. # Real-world effectiveness of the influenza vaccine among school-aged children in Shenzhen, China, 2024-2025 season: A test-negative design study [Jianhua Lu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lu+J&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Zhiyao Ouyang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ouyang+Z&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-2 "School of Public Health \(Shenzhen\), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China."), [Fang Huang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Huang+F&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Xu Xie](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xie+X&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Xin Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+X&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Xiaoliang Wu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wu+X&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Biyi Hu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hu+B&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-2 "School of Public Health \(Shenzhen\), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China."), [Jiatong Sun](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sun+J&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-3 "School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China."), [Min Jiang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jiang+M&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Ying Sun](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sun+Y&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Hui Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+H&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Yafang Zhong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhong+Y&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-2 "School of Public Health \(Shenzhen\), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China."), [Quan Lu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lu+Q&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Preventive Health Care, People's Hospital of Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Guijian Dai](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dai+G&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-5 "The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Xiaozhen Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+X&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Shisong Fang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fang+S&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-7 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: szcdcssf@aliyun.com."), [Yawen Jiang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jiang+Y&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-8 "School of Public Health \(Shenzhen\), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: jiangyw26@mail.sysu.edu.cn."), [Yuelong Shu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Shu+Y&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#full-view-affiliation-9 "School of Public Health \(Shenzhen\), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control \(MOE\), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, China. Electronic address: shuylong@mail.sysu.edu.cn.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. * 2 School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. * 3 School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. * 4 Department of Preventive Health Care, People's Hospital of Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. * 5 The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. * 6 Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. * 7 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: szcdcssf@aliyun.com. * 8 School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: jiangyw26@mail.sysu.edu.cn. * 9 School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, China. Electronic address: shuylong@mail.sysu.edu.cn. * PMID: **42702143** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129100 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129100) Item in Clipboard # Real-world effectiveness of the influenza vaccine among school-aged children in Shenzhen, China, 2024-2025 season: A test-negative design study Jianhua Lu et al. Vaccine. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Vaccine Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vaccine%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Vaccine%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/) . 2026 Oct 24:92:129100. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129100. Epub 2026 Sep 6. ### Authors [Jianhua Lu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lu+J&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Zhiyao Ouyang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ouyang+Z&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-2 "School of Public Health \(Shenzhen\), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China."), [Fang Huang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Huang+F&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Xu Xie](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xie+X&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Xin Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+X&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Xiaoliang Wu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wu+X&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Biyi Hu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hu+B&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-2 "School of Public Health \(Shenzhen\), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China."), [Jiatong Sun](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sun+J&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-3 "School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China."), [Min Jiang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jiang+M&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Ying Sun](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sun+Y&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Hui Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+H&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Yafang Zhong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhong+Y&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-2 "School of Public Health \(Shenzhen\), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China."), [Quan Lu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lu+Q&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Preventive Health Care, People's Hospital of Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Guijian Dai](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dai+G&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-5 "The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Xiaozhen Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+X&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."), [Shisong Fang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fang+S&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-7 "Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: szcdcssf@aliyun.com."), [Yawen Jiang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jiang+Y&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-8 "School of Public Health \(Shenzhen\), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: jiangyw26@mail.sysu.edu.cn."), [Yuelong Shu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Shu+Y&cauthor_id=42702143)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702143/#short-view-affiliation-9 "School of Public Health \(Shenzhen\), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control \(MOE\), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, China. Electronic address: shuylong@mail.sysu.edu.cn.") ### Affiliations * 1 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. * 2 School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. * 3 School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. * 4 Department of Preventive Health Care, People's Hospital of Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. * 5 The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. * 6 Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. * 7 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: szcdcssf@aliyun.com. * 8 School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: jiangyw26@mail.sysu.edu.cn. * 9 School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Pe
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