---
title: "High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Nigerian frontline healthcare workers (Aug–Dec 2022)"
id: "pubmed-42574393"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42574393"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Critical Care"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/"
doi: "10.1371/journal.pone.0354606"
published_at: "2026-08-10T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Nigerian frontline healthcare workers (Aug–Dec 2022)
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42574393
- **Specialty:** [Critical Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/)
- **DOI:** [10.1371/journal.pone.0354606](https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0354606)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-10T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This study assessed **SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence** among frontline **healthcare workers (HCWs)** in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic. - It was a cross-sectional survey conducted from August through December 2022 (epidemiologic weeks 31–51). - A total of 1,247 randomly selected HCWs were enrolled across seven healthcare facilities in three Nigerian states. - The investigation comprised two components; the abstract indicates one part addressed knowledge and attitudes but the source text is truncated and further component details were not reported in the provided source. - The article title and abstract indicate a reported **high prevalence** of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among the HCWs, but the specific seroprevalence percentages, subgroup breakdowns, and statistical analyses are not present in the excerpt supplied. - Affiliations include the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention divisions, Institute of Human Virology International Research Centre of Excellence (Abuja), Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, AIDS Prevention Initiatives in Nigeria, and CDC Atlanta. - Bibliographic identifiers available: PMID 42574393 and DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0354606; publication in PLoS One, eCollection 2026 (dated 2026 Aug 10;21(8):e0354606). - Key methodological elements reported: cross-sectional design, random selection of HCWs, seven facilities, three states, sample size (1,247), study period (Aug–Dec 2022). Additional methods, results, and conclusions were not included in the supplied source excerpt. - Where data are missing in the source excerpt (detailed seroprevalence values, serologic assays used, participant demographics, occupational categories, vaccination status, and statistical findings), those details were not reported in the provided text and therefore are not stated here. - The provided information supports recognition that frontline HCWs in the sampled Nigerian states experienced substantial prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 as reflected by antibody detection, but the magnitude, correlates, and policy implications cannot be fully summarized from the excerpt alone.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#abstract) * [ Conflict of interest statement ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#conflict-of-interest) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#mesh-terms) * [ Substances ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#substances) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement MeSH terms Substances PLoS One Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22PLoS+One%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22PLoS+One%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/) . 2026 Aug 10;21(8):e0354606. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0354606. eCollection 2026. # High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in three states of Nigeria from August to December 2022 [Nnaemeka C Iriemenam](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Iriemenam+NC&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Sophia Osawe](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Osawe+S&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Olusola A Akanbi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Akanbi+OA&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Oluwaseun Akinmulero](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Akinmulero+O&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Ado G Abubakar](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Abubakar+AG&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Mary Okoli](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Okoli+M&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Rita Okonkwo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Okonkwo+R&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Oyewole Oyedele](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Oyedele+O&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Nifarta Andrew](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Andrew+N&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Olumide Okunoye](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Okunoye+O&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Ugochi Ezenwelu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ezenwelu+U&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Asmau Aminu-Alhaji](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aminu-Alhaji+A&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Victor Ejeh](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ejeh+V&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Martin Edun](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Edun+M&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Edward Kombu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kombu+E&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Ndidi Agala](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Agala+N&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-5 "AIDS Prevention Initiatives in Nigeria, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Diana Martin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Martin+D&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America."), [Alash'le Abimiku](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Abimiku+A&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [McPaul I Okoye](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Okoye+MI&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."); [SECURE Nigeria Project Team](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=SECURE+Nigeria+Project+Team%5BCorporate+Author%5D) Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. * 2 International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. * 3 Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. * 4 Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. * 5 AIDS Prevention Initiatives in Nigeria, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. * 6 Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. * PMID: **42574393** * DOI: [ 10.1371/journal.pone.0354606 ](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0354606) Item in Clipboard # High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in three states of Nigeria from August to December 2022 Nnaemeka C Iriemenam et al. PLoS One. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID PLoS One Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22PLoS+One%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22PLoS+One%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/) . 2026 Aug 10;21(8):e0354606. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0354606. eCollection 2026. ### Authors [Nnaemeka C Iriemenam](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Iriemenam+NC&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Sophia Osawe](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Osawe+S&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Olusola A Akanbi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Akanbi+OA&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Oluwaseun Akinmulero](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Akinmulero+O&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Ado G Abubakar](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Abubakar+AG&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Mary Okoli](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Okoli+M&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Rita Okonkwo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Okonkwo+R&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Oyewole Oyedele](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Oyedele+O&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Nifarta Andrew](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Andrew+N&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Olumide Okunoye](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Okunoye+O&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Ugochi Ezenwelu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ezenwelu+U&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Asmau Aminu-Alhaji](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aminu-Alhaji+A&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Victor Ejeh](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ejeh+V&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Martin Edun](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Edun+M&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Edward Kombu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kombu+E&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Ndidi Agala](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Agala+N&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-5 "AIDS Prevention Initiatives in Nigeria, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [Diana Martin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Martin+D&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America."), [Alash'le Abimiku](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Abimiku+A&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-2 "International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."), [McPaul I Okoye](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Okoye+MI&cauthor_id=42574393)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42574393/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria."); [SECURE Nigeria Project Team](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=SECURE+Nigeria+Project+Team%5BCorporate+Author%5D) ### Affiliations * 1 Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. * 2 International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. * 3 Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. * 4 Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. * 5 AIDS Prevention Initiatives in Nigeria, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. * 6 Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. * PMID: **42574393** * DOI: [ 10.1371/journal.pone.0354606 ](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0354606) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) are among the first professionals significantly impacted by epidemics and pandemics. During the COVID-19 pandemic, HCWs had an increased risk of infection. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among Nigerian HCWs. **Methods:** A cross-sectional study of 1,247 randomly selected HCWs, was conducted across seven healthcare facilities in Nigeria, from August 2022 through December 2022 (Epi week 31-51). This study had two parts: the knowledge, attitu
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