---
title: "Inspiratory Flow and I:E Ratio Effects on Aerosol Deposition During Mechanical Ventilation"
id: "pubmed-42537825"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42537825"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Critical Care"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/"
doi: "10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127242"
published_at: "2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Inspiratory Flow and I:E Ratio Effects on Aerosol Deposition During Mechanical Ventilation
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42537825
- **Specialty:** [Critical Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127242](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijpharm.2026.127242)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The study examined how **inspiratory flow** and inspiratory-to-expiratory (I:E) ratio affect aerosol transport and respiratory tract deposition during controlled mechanical ventilation using two nebulizer technologies: a **vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN)** and a **jet nebulizer (JN)**. - Experiments used a validated ex vivo porcine respiratory model under **volume-controlled ventilation** with active heated humidification; nebulizers were positioned 15 cm upstream of the Y-piece. - Inspiratory flow settings compared were **35 L/min vs 60 L/min**; I:E ratios compared were **1:2 vs 1:3**. - Aerosol deposition was quantified by **planar scintigraphy** with radiolabeled aerosol and a mass-balance approach. - VMN had significantly higher delivery efficiency than JN in all tested conditions. - With VMN, lower inspiratory flow (35 L/min) increased respiratory tract deposition (57% ± 8% vs 45% ± 5%; p = 0.022). - Prolonging the expiratory phase (I:E 1:3 vs 1:2) further improved deposition with VMN (60% ± 9% vs 45% ± 5%; p < 0.0001) and reduced losses in the inspiratory limb. - JN produced low output and showed no significant variation in deposition across the ventilatory settings evaluated. - The authors conclude that ventilatory parameters significantly influence aerosol deposition with **VMN** but not **JN** in this mechanical ventilation model; combining lower inspiratory flow and prolonged expiratory time increased deposition with VMN. - The study objective was to assess interaction between ventilatory parameters and aerosol generation technology, not to declare commercial-device superiority. - The authors note that further studies are needed to determine whether these preclinical findings translate into clinical benefit.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42537825%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/c24ab723-7c80-48cd-9c68-022ded852586/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42537825%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42537825%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Full text links [![Elsevier Science full text link](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-PubMedLink.gif) Elsevier Science ](https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378-5173\(26\)00690-3 "See full text options at Elsevier Science") [ Full text links ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/) ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#abstract) * [ Conflict of interest statement ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#conflict-of-interest) * [Similar articles](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#similar) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#mesh-terms) * [ Substances ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#substances) * [Related information](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#related-links) * [ LinkOut - more resources ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#linkout) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Similar articles MeSH terms Substances Related information LinkOut - more resources Int J Pharm Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Int+J+Pharm%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Int+J+Pharm%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/) . 2026 Sep 5:702:127242. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127242. Epub 2026 Jul 31. # Influence of inspiratory flow and inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio on aerosol deposition during controlled mechanical ventilation using different nebulizer technologies [Lara Leclerc](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Leclerc+L&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne, France. Electronic address: leclerc@emse.fr."), [Jordan Bonsignore](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bonsignore+J&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Intensive care unit G, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France."), [Yoann Montigaud](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Montigaud+Y&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne, France."), [Emmanuel Odouard](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Odouard+E&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Radiopharmacy, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France."), [Jérémie Pourchez](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pourchez+J&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne, France."), [Arthur Rejeaunier](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rejeaunier+A&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Nuclear medicine unit, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France."), [Nathalie Prévôt](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pr%C3%A9v%C3%B4t+N&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Nuclear medicine unit, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France; INSERM U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France."), [Sophie Périnel](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=P%C3%A9rinel+S&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#full-view-affiliation-7 "Intensive care unit G, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France; INSERM U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne, France. Electronic address: leclerc@emse.fr. * 2 Intensive care unit G, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France. * 3 Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne, France. * 4 Radiopharmacy, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France. * 5 Nuclear medicine unit, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France. * 6 Nuclear medicine unit, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France; INSERM U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France. * 7 Intensive care unit G, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France; INSERM U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France. * PMID: **42537825** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127242 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127242) Item in Clipboard # Influence of inspiratory flow and inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio on aerosol deposition during controlled mechanical ventilation using different nebulizer technologies Lara Leclerc et al. Int J Pharm. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Int J Pharm Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Int+J+Pharm%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Int+J+Pharm%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/) . 2026 Sep 5:702:127242. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127242. Epub 2026 Jul 31. ### Authors [Lara Leclerc](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Leclerc+L&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne, France. Electronic address: leclerc@emse.fr."), [Jordan Bonsignore](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bonsignore+J&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Intensive care unit G, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France."), [Yoann Montigaud](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Montigaud+Y&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne, France."), [Emmanuel Odouard](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Odouard+E&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Radiopharmacy, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France."), [Jérémie Pourchez](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pourchez+J&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne, France."), [Arthur Rejeaunier](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rejeaunier+A&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Nuclear medicine unit, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France."), [Nathalie Prévôt](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pr%C3%A9v%C3%B4t+N&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Nuclear medicine unit, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France; INSERM U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France."), [Sophie Périnel](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=P%C3%A9rinel+S&cauthor_id=42537825)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/#short-view-affiliation-7 "Intensive care unit G, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France; INSERM U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.") ### Affiliations * 1 Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne, France. Electronic address: leclerc@emse.fr. * 2 Intensive care unit G, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France. * 3 Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne, France. * 4 Radiopharmacy, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France. * 5 Nuclear medicine unit, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France. * 6 Nuclear medicine unit, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France; INSERM U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France. * 7 Intensive care unit G, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne F-42055, France; INSERM U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France. * PMID: **42537825** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127242 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127242) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Aerosol delivery during invasive mechanical ventilation is influenced by multiple factors, including nebulizer type and ventilatory settings. Current intensive care unit (ICU) guidelines generally provide limited recommendations regarding modification of ventilatory parameters during aerosol administration because available evidence remains heterogeneous. However, most available data originate from simplified in vitro models or evaluate individual components of aerosol delivery, limiting understanding of how aerosol characteristics interact with respiratory mechanics under realistic ventilatory conditions. This study evaluated how inspiratory flow and inspiratory-to-expiratory (I:E) ratio influence aerosol transport and respiratory tract deposition according to nebulizer technology using a controlled preclinical model. The objective was not to establish superiority between commercial devices, but to determine whether ventilatory parameters differently modulate aerosol fate depending on aerosol generation technologies. Using a validated ex vivo porcine respiratory model under volume-controlled ventilation, we assessed the impact of inspiratory flow (35 vs. 60 L/min) and I:E ratio (1:2 vs. 1:3) on respiratory tract deposition. Experiments were performed with a vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN) and a jet nebulizer (JN) placed 15 cm upstream of the Y-piece, with active heated humidification. Deposition was measured by planar scintigraphy with radiolabeled aerosol and a mass balance approach. VMN showed significantly higher delivery efficiency than JN in all conditions. With VMN, lower inspiratory flow increased respiratory tract deposition (57% ± 8% vs. 45% ± 5%, p = 0.022), and a longer expiratory phase (I:E 1:3 vs. 1:2) further improved deposition (60% ± 9% vs. 45% ± 5%, p < 0.0001), with reduced losses in the inspiratory limb. In contrast, JN had low output and no significant variation across settings. Ventilatory parameters significantly influence aerosol deposition with VMN but not JN in mechanical ventilation. Combining lower inspiratory flow and prolonged expiratory time increased respiratory tract deposition with VMN under the investigated experimental conditions. Further studies are required to determine whether these findings translate into clinical benefit. **Keywords:** Aerosol deposition; Drug delivery; Intensive care; Mechanical ventilation settings; Nebulizers; Respiratory diseases. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## Similar articles * [ Aerosol delivery during spontaneous breathing with different types of nebulizers- in vitro/ex vivo models evaluation. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29277689/) Lin HL, Fang TP, Cho HS, Wan GH, Hsieh MJ, Fink JB.Lin HL, et al.Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Feb;48:225-231. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.12.006. Epub 2017 Dec 19.Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2018.PMID: 29277689Clinical Trial. * [ Position of different nebulizer types for aerosol delivery in an adult model of mechanical ventilation. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36300182/) Hou H, Xu D, Dai B, Zhao H, Wang W, Kang J, Tan W.Hou H, et al.Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Oct 10;9:950569. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.950569. eCollection 2022.Front Med (Lausanne). 2022.PMID: 36300182Free PMC article. * [ Influence of nebulizer type, position, and bias flow on aerosol drug delivery in simulated pediatric and adult lung models during mechanical ventilation. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20587095/) Ari A, Atalay OT, Harwood R, Sheard MM, Aljamhan EA, Fink JB.Ari A, et al.Respir Care. 2010 Jul;55(7):845-51.Respir Care. 2010.PMID: 20587095 * [ Not all nebulizers are created equal: Considerations in choosing a nebulizer for aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36803134/) MacLoughlin R, Martin-Loeches I.MacLoughlin R, et al.Expert Rev Respir Med. 2023 Feb;17(2):131-142. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2183194. Epub 2023 Feb 27.Expert Rev Respir Med. 2023.PMID: 36803134Review. * [ [Chinese expert consensus on standardized inhaler device application in stable chronic airway diseases (2023)]. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37914418/) Inhalation Therapy and Respiratory Rehabilitation Group, Respiratory Equipment Committee of China Association of Medical Equipment.Inhalation Therapy and Respiratory Rehabilitation Group, Respiratory Equipment Committee of China Association of Medical Equipment.Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2023 Nov 12;46(11):1055-1067. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20230411-00167.Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2023.PMID: 37914418Chinese. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42537825) ## MeSH terms * Administration, Inhalation Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Administration%2C+Inhalation%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Administration%2C+Inhalation) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/) * Aerosols / administration & dosage Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aerosols%2Fadministration+and+dosage%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aerosols) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537825/) * Animals Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Animals) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.n
## Related Clinical Research

- [Decision aids for life-sustaining treatment and end-of-life care in emergency and intensive care:](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-open-9-decision-aids-for-life-sustaining-treatment-including-withholding-or-withdrawal.md)
- [Ciclesonide–Indacaterol Liposomes: Optimizing ICS/LABA Pulmonary Delivery for Asthma](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42486206.md) (DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127217)
- [Validation of the STUMBL Score vs ISS for Predicting Outcomes in Blunt Thoracic Trauma](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42003070.md) (DOI: 10.5090/jcs.25.143)
- [Barriers and Facilitators to Medical Emergency Team (MET) Activation: Protocol for a Four‑Hospital](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-3-barriers-and-facilitators-to-medical-emergency-team-activation-among-healthcare.md)
- [FDA’s Biologics Branch Acts Against Unproven Stem Cell Clinics: A Surprising Regulatory Win](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/stat-news-1-opinion-stat-a-surprising-bright-spot-at-the-fda-on-regulating-unproven-stem.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Critical Care Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.