---
title: "Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extracts attenuate acute lung injury by rebalancing Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cel"
id: "pubmed-42009238"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42009238"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Critical Care"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/"
doi: "10.1016/j.jep.2026.121740"
published_at: "2026-08-10T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extracts attenuate acute lung injury by rebalancing Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cel
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42009238
- **Specialty:** [Critical Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.jep.2026.121740](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jep.2026.121740)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-10T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The study evaluated **Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LF)** extracts for therapeutic effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced **acute lung injury (ALI)** in male ICR mice. - ALI was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg LPS; LF was tested at low, medium, and high doses (LLF, MLF, HLF); dexamethasone (DEX) served as a positive control. - Primary outcomes included lung weight and lung index measured 24 hours after LPS, histopathologic scoring of lung and colon tissue, and quantification of inflammatory markers. - LF extracts and DEX decreased lung weight and lung index and reduced lung tissue damage and inflammation scores in ALI mice. - LF extracts and DEX lowered pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in lung tissue and reduced colon tissue damage and inflammatory cytokine expression. - LF extracts increased colonic epithelial tight-junction proteins **ZO-1** and **occludin**, indicating improved intestinal barrier integrity. - Flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed LF regulated CD4+ T cell subsets and their signature cytokines in lungs and colons. - LF restored balance between **Th1/Th2** and **Th17/Treg** populations: suppressed Th1-/Th17-related transcription factors (T-bet, RORγT) and increased Th2-/Treg-related transcription factors (GATA3, Foxp3) at the protein level. - LF extracts inhibited activation of the **CCR6/CCL20** signaling pathway in lungs and colons. - The authors conclude LF’s attenuation of LPS-induced ALI is associated with rebalancing **Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg** cells across the gut–lung axis. - Conflict of interest: the authors declared no competing interests.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Apr 18. # Attenuation of acute lung injury by Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extracts is associated with the rebalancing of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells in lungs and colons [Jing Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+J&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China."), [Shuwan Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+S&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China."), [Qing Zhao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhao+Q&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China."), [Kaile Yu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yu+K&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China."), [Jia Zhao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhao+J&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China."), [Shengmao Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+S&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China."), [Ming Yang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yang+M&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China."), [Bin Han](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Han+B&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#full-view-affiliation-2 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China. Electronic address: jarnihao@163.com."), [Xiaopeng Ai](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ai+X&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#full-view-affiliation-3 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China. Electronic address: axp2016@nsmc.edu.cn."), [Qiang Peng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Peng+Q&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Institute of Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China. Electronic address: pengqiangkite@163.com.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China. * 2 School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China. Electronic address: jarnihao@163.com. * 3 School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China. Electronic address: axp2016@nsmc.edu.cn. * 4 Institute of Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China. Electronic address: pengqiangkite@163.com. * PMID: **42009238** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.jep.2026.121740 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2026.121740) Item in Clipboard # Attenuation of acute lung injury by Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extracts is associated with the rebalancing of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells in lungs and colons Jing Wang et al. J Ethnopharmacol. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID J Ethnopharmacol Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Ethnopharmacol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Ethnopharmacol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/) . 2026 Aug 10:367:121740. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2026.121740. Epub 2026 Apr 18. ### Authors [Jing Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+J&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China."), [Shuwan Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+S&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China."), [Qing Zhao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhao+Q&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China."), [Kaile Yu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yu+K&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China."), [Jia Zhao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhao+J&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China."), [Shengmao Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+S&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China."), [Ming Yang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yang+M&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China."), [Bin Han](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Han+B&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#short-view-affiliation-2 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China. Electronic address: jarnihao@163.com."), [Xiaopeng Ai](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ai+X&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#short-view-affiliation-3 "School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China. Electronic address: axp2016@nsmc.edu.cn."), [Qiang Peng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Peng+Q&cauthor_id=42009238)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009238/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Institute of Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China. Electronic address: pengqiangkite@163.com.") ### Affiliations * 1 School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China. * 2 School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China. Electronic address: jarnihao@163.com. * 3 School of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China. Electronic address: axp2016@nsmc.edu.cn. * 4 Institute of Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China. Electronic address: pengqiangkite@163.com. * PMID: **42009238** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.jep.2026.121740 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2026.121740) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Ethnopharmacological relevance:** Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LF), a traditional Chinese medicine sourced from the dried flower buds or the newly-unfurled blossoms of Lonicera japonica Thunb., is widely used to manage diverse respiratory conditions. Current pharmacological studies have revealed its anti-inflammatory actions in cases of acute lung injury (ALI). However, the underlying mechanisms accountable for this action are yet to be exhaustively explicated in the view of gut-lung axis. **Aim of the study:** To delve into the potential mechanism of LF in treating ALI through the regulation of CD4+ T cells (Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg) in the lungs and colons. **Materials and methods:** Male ICR mice were utilized to establish an ALI model via intraperitoneal instillation of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The LF extracts at low-, medium-, and high-doses (LLF, MLF and HLF) were administered for treatment, with dexamethasone (DEX) serving as the positive control. Lung weight and lung index were calculated after 24 h of LPS induction. Histopathologic analysis of the lungs and colons was conducted based on their hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained tissue sections. T cell proportions were measured using flow cytometry. qRT-PCR analysis was used to assess the relative mRNA expression of genes. Protein expression was detected using western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. **Results:** LF extracts and DEX reduced the lung weight/index, the lung tissue damage and inflammation scores, as well as the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the ALI mice. Additionally, LF extracts and DEX inhibited the colon tissue damage and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while increasing the expression of epithelial tight-junctional proteins (ZO-1 and occludin). Importantly, LF extracts effectively regulated the typical cytokines expression of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells, and restored the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells, thereby alleviating tissue inflammation in both the lungs and colons of the ALI mice. The therapeutic effects of LF extracts were associated with the regulation of gene and protein expression of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg-type transcription factors. Specifically, at the protein level, LF extracts significantly suppressed the expression of T-bet and RORγT (Th1-/Th17-related transcription factors), while increased the expression of GATA3 and Foxp3 (Th2-/Treg-related transcription factors) in the lungs and colons. Furthermore, LF extracts inhibited the activation of CCR6/CCL20 signaling pathway in the lungs and colons. **Conclusions:** The attenuating effect of LF extracts on LPS-induced ALI is associated with the rebalancing of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells in both the lungs and colons. **Keywords:** Acute lung injury; CCR6/CCL20 signaling pathway; Gut-lung axis; Lonicerae Japonicae Flos; Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The contributing authors confirmed that they had no conflicts of interest. ## Similar articles * [ Comparative study on the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos in Shuanghuanglian formula against acute lung injury. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42242602/) Yuan Q, Chen F, Xiao Q, Zhang Z, Liu C, Xia J, He W, Pan X, He F, Xiao M.Yuan Q, et al.J Ethnopharmacol. 2026 Nov 15;370:121935. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2026.121935. Epub 2026 Jun 3.J Ethnopharmacol. 2026.PMID: 42242602 * [ Renshen Baidu Powder mitigates ALI by inhibiting the RORγt/IL-17 pathway and restoring the Treg/Th17 balance. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41997441/) Li F, Liu S, Ye Z, Liu J, Di G, Gao Z, Chen P.Li F, et al.J Ethnopharmacol. 2026 Aug 10;367:121672. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2026.121672. Epub 2026 Apr 15.J Ethnopharmacol. 2026.PMID: 41997441 * [ [Effects of Zhuyu Pills on Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg immune balance in acne model mice via regulation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway]. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42392819/) Song W, Teng ZW, Zhang ZY, Dang SJ, Shen T, Xiao M, Zhang Y.Song W, et al.Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2026 May;51(9):2642-2651. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251209.401.Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2026.PMID: 42392819Chinese. * [ Gegen Qinlian decoction ameliorates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating Th2/Th1 and Tregs/Th17 cells balance, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reshaping gut microb
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