---
title: "Measurement Properties of Pediatric ICU Delirium Tools: Systematic Review of CAPD, SOS-PD, CAM-ICU"
id: "pubmed-42680167"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42680167"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Critical Care"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/"
doi: "10.1542/peds.2026-077184"
published_at: "2026-09-02T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Measurement Properties of Pediatric ICU Delirium Tools: Systematic Review of CAPD, SOS-PD, CAM-ICU
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42680167
- **Specialty:** [Critical Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/)
- **DOI:** [10.1542/peds.2026-077184](https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2026-077184)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-02T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Delirium is common in pediatric intensive care and reliable assessment instruments are needed to support diagnosis and management. - A systematic review screened 8,378 records and included 41 studies that evaluated measurement properties of pediatric delirium tools. - Six instruments across 15 language versions were identified: **CAPD** (Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium), preschool-CAM-ICU, pediatric-CAM-ICU, **SOS-PD** (Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms scale - Pediatric Delirium), **PEDS** (PEdiatric Delirium Scale), and **CDAS** (Child Delirium Assessment Scale). - **CAPD** had the largest evidence base among evaluated tools. - High-certainty evidence supported **criterion validity** of CAPD and the Confusion Assessment Method tools (preschool- and pediatric-CAM-ICU). - Reliability for CAPD and CAM-ICU tools was supported with moderate-certainty evidence. - **SOS-PD** showed moderate-certainty evidence for criterion validity and high-certainty evidence for convergent validity and reliability but was studied less extensively than CAPD. - Evidence for **CDAS** and **PEDS** was limited, deriving from single studies. - The evidence landscape was uneven: most studies addressed criterion validity and interrater reliability; measurement error, cross-cultural validity, and subgroup performance were rarely assessed. - Assessing criterion validity is inherently challenging because no perfect diagnostic gold standard for pediatric delirium exists. - Authors concluded that **SOS-PD** had the most favorable overall certainty profile across evaluated properties despite fewer studies, and they recommended further research into measurement error, cross-cultural validity, subgroup performance, and implementation.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42680167%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/af7de7da-df5d-41c6-8de4-8c266af8ccfb/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42680167%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42680167%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/#abstract) Title & authors Abstract Pediatrics Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pediatrics%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Pediatrics%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/) . 2026 Sep 2:e2026077184. doi: 10.1542/peds.2026-077184. Online ahead of print. # Measurement Properties of Delirium Tools in Pediatric Intensive Care: A Systematic Review [Max Zilezinski](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zilezinski+M&cauthor_id=42680167)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany."), [Natascha-Elisabeth Denninger](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Denninger+NE&cauthor_id=42680167)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Heidelberg University/University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Primary Care and Health Services Research, Nursing Science and Interprofessional Care, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany."), [Martin Müller](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=M%C3%BCller+M&cauthor_id=42680167)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Heidelberg University/University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Primary Care and Health Services Research, Nursing Science and Interprofessional Care, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany."), [Antje Tannen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tannen+A&cauthor_id=42680167)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany."), [Jan Kottner](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kottner+J&cauthor_id=42680167)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. * 2 Heidelberg University/University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Primary Care and Health Services Research, Nursing Science and Interprofessional Care, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. * PMID: **42680167** * DOI: [ 10.1542/peds.2026-077184 ](https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2026-077184) Item in Clipboard # Measurement Properties of Delirium Tools in Pediatric Intensive Care: A Systematic Review Max Zilezinski et al. Pediatrics. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Pediatrics Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pediatrics%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Pediatrics%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/) . 2026 Sep 2:e2026077184. doi: 10.1542/peds.2026-077184. Online ahead of print. ### Authors [Max Zilezinski](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zilezinski+M&cauthor_id=42680167)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany."), [Natascha-Elisabeth Denninger](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Denninger+NE&cauthor_id=42680167)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Heidelberg University/University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Primary Care and Health Services Research, Nursing Science and Interprofessional Care, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany."), [Martin Müller](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=M%C3%BCller+M&cauthor_id=42680167)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Heidelberg University/University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Primary Care and Health Services Research, Nursing Science and Interprofessional Care, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany."), [Antje Tannen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tannen+A&cauthor_id=42680167)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany."), [Jan Kottner](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kottner+J&cauthor_id=42680167)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.") ### Affiliations * 1 Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. * 2 Heidelberg University/University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Primary Care and Health Services Research, Nursing Science and Interprofessional Care, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. * PMID: **42680167** * DOI: [ 10.1542/peds.2026-077184 ](https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2026-077184) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Context:** Delirium is common in pediatric intensive care units. Reliable tools are needed, but evidence on measurement properties remains fragmented. **Objectives:** To identify pediatric delirium tools and evaluate their measurement properties and certainty of evidence. **Data sources:** MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched without language or date restrictions. **Study selection:** Original observational, cross-sectional, and validation studies evaluating at least 1 measurement property of a pediatric delirium tool in acute care were eligible. **Data extraction:** Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the adapted COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methods and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 for diagnostic accuracy. Evidence was rated using COSMIN-adapted Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. **Results:** From 8378 records, 41 studies were included, covering 15 language versions of 6 tools: Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD), preschool-Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit, pediatric-Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit, Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms scale - Pediatric Delirium (SOS-PD), PEdiatric Delirium Scale (PEDS), and Child Delirium Assessment Scale (CDAS). CAPD had the largest evidence base. High-certainty evidence supported criterion validity of CAPD and Confusion Assessment Method tools, with moderate-certainty evidence for reliability. SOS-PD showed moderate-certainty evidence for criterion validity and high-certainty evidence for convergent validity and reliability but was evaluated in fewer studies. Evidence for CDAS and PEDS was limited to single studies. **Limitations:** Evidence was uneven across tools and mainly addressed criterion validity and interrater reliability. Measurement error, cross-cultural validity, and subgroup performance were rarely assessed. Criterion validity is difficult because no perfect gold standard exists for diagnosis. **Conclusions:** SOS-PD showed the most favorable certainty profile across evaluated measurement properties but was evaluated in fewer studies than CAPD. Further studies should address measurement error, cross-cultural validity, subgroup performance, and implementation. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) [x] Cite Copy Download .nbib .nbib Format: AMA APA MLA NLM **Send To** * [Clipboard](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/) * [Email](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42680167%2F%23open-email-panel) * [Save](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42680167%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42680167%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation Manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680167/) [x] NCBI Literature Resources [MeSH](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/) [PMC](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/) [Bookshelf](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books) [Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Follow NCBI [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/ncbi) [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm) [ LinkedIn ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm) [ GitHub ](https://github.com/ncbi) [ ](https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Connect with NLM](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html) * [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH) * [ SM-Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine) * [ SM-Youtube ](https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH) National Library of Medicine [8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894](https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323) [Web Policies](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html) [FOIA](https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office) [HHS Vulnerability Disclosure](https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html) [Help](https://support.nlm.nih.gov/?pagename=pubmed%3Apubmed%3Aabstract%3ANONE) [Accessibility](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html) [Careers](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html) * [NLM](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/) * [NIH](https://www.nih.gov/) * [HHS](https://www.hhs.gov/) * [USA.gov](https://www.usa.gov/) ![](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/stat?HTTP_REFERER=&SELF_URL=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42680167%2F&browserheight=600&browserwidth=1080&colorDepth=24&connection_effectivetype=4g&connection_type=&cookieSize=376&cookieenabled=true&is_browser_supported=true&jsevent=render&jsloadtime=&jsperf_basePage=24&jsperf_connect=55&jsperf_dns=0&jsperf_navTimingNetworkMS=512&jsperf_navTimingRedirectCount=0&jsperf_navTimingType=navigate&jsperf_navType=0&jsperf_redirectCount=0&jsperf_ttfb=430&jsrendertime=&language_code=en-US&log_category=literature&log_displayeduids=42680167&log_op=retrieve&log_source_db=pubmed&myncbi_signed_in=false&ncbi_algorithm=&ncbi_app=pubmed&ncbi_cost_center=pubmed&ncbi_db=pubmed&ncbi_featured_srcdb=&ncbi_nwds=yes&ncbi_nwds_ver=1.2.5&ncbi_pcid=&ncbi_pdid=abstract&ncbi_phid=D3410001786473E500003A93A35770FF.1.m_3&ncbi_program=&ncbi_timesinceload=6&ncbi_timesincenavstart=1438&ncbi_uid=42680167&pagename=pubmed%3Apubmed%3Aabstract%3ANONE&pinger_in_iframe=false&prev_phid=1A160001CE1A239500003BB32CD25BB7.1.m_3&screenavailheight=600&screenavailwidth=1080&screenheight=600&screenwidth=1080&server=pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&sgSource=native&sgversion=0.42.0&sgversion_hotfix=0&sgversion_major=0&sgversion_minor=42&spa_index=0)![](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/stat?browserheight=600&browserwidth=1080&colorDepth=24&connection_effectivetype=4g&connection_type=&cookieSize=380&cookieenabled=true&is_browser_supported=true&jsevent=domready&language_code=en-US&log_category=literature&log_displayeduids=42680167&log_op=retrieve&log_source_db=pubmed&myncbi_signed_in=false&ncbi_algorithm=&ncbi_app=pubmed&ncbi_cost_center=pubmed&ncbi_db=pubmed&ncbi_featured_srcdb=&ncbi_nwds=yes&ncbi_nwds_ver=1.2.5&ncbi_pcid=&ncbi_pdid=abstract&ncbi_phid=D3410001786473E500003A93A35770FF.1.m_3&ncbi_program=&ncbi_timesinceload=26&ncbi_timesincenavstart=1458&ncbi_uid=42680167&pagename=pubmed%3Apubmed%3Aabstract%3ANONE&pinger_in_iframe=false&screenavailheight=600&screenavailwidth=1080&screenheight=600&screenwidth=1080&server=pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&sgSource=native&sgversion=0.42.0&sgversion_hotfix=0&sgversion_major=0&sgversion_minor=42&spa_index=0)
## Related Clinical Research

- [Diagnostic Yield and Therapeutic Impact of Etiologic Investigations After Status Epilepticus — ICT](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42766827.md) (DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000218544)
- [Passive leg raise using ETCO2 to predict fluid responsiveness in ED sepsis patients](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42765758.md) (DOI: 10.1097/NSG.0000000000000468)
- [Confounder-adjusted plasma proteomics reveal robust sepsis protein signatures across perioperative](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-16-confounder-adjusted-plasma-proteomics-identify-robust-protein-signatures-in.md)
- [Persistent critical illness in mechanically ventilated acute hypoxic respiratory failure: prevalen](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-9-persistent-critical-illness-in-acute-hypoxic-respiratory-failure-a.md)
- [Impact of Medicaid Meal Deliveries Facing Budget Cuts and Policy Challenges](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/kff-health-news-0-cost-saving-medicaid-meal-deliveries-threatened-by-cuts-policy-uncertainty.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Critical Care Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.