---
title: "Miniaturized Vertical-Flow Paper Device for One-Step, 12-Plex Biomarker Detection in Microliter Bl"
id: "pubmed-42861732"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42861732"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Critical Care"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/"
doi: "10.1021/acssensors.6c01051"
published_at: "2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Miniaturized Vertical-Flow Paper Device for One-Step, 12-Plex Biomarker Detection in Microliter Bl
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42861732
- **Specialty:** [Critical Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/)
- **DOI:** [10.1021/acssensors.6c01051](https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facssensors.6c01051)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The report describes a miniaturized, multilayer **vertical flow paper device** that performs one-step, multiplexed immunoassays from microliter blood samples. - The device integrates 3D-printed glass fiber membranes, wax-printed nitrocellulose membranes, and cellulose absorption membranes into a stacked architecture to control autonomous wicking. - Sample distribution is concurrent and equalized across assay zones, allowing multiple sandwich immunoassays and wash steps to run without external pumps or user manipulation. - The platform achieves simultaneous quantification of 12 protein biomarkers; the source states validation used clinical samples from patients with **acute myocardial infarction** (AMI), **acute kidney disease** (AKD), and **sepsis**. - Operational parameters reported: approximately 60 μL sample input, results delivered in about 15 minutes, packaged volume about 12.5 cm3. - Authors framed potential use cases in home healthcare and emergency care where rapid, portable screening is needed. - The source did not report detailed assay limits of detection, analytical specificity metrics, or exact biomarker panel identities in the abstract; those methodological specifics were not provided in the source text excerpt. - The team referenced system-level challenges addressed: cross-interference in multiplex assays, miniaturization, reliable flow control, and simple operation; the device design aimed to mitigate these issues through layered membrane engineering. - Funding sources included institutional and national grants from Peking University and Chinese national programs, as listed in the publication metadata.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Online ahead of print. # A Miniaturized, Multilayer Structured Vertical Flow Paper Device Enabled One-Step, Multiplex, Spontaneous Detection of Biomarkers in Microliter Blood for Disease Screening [Zichen Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+Z&cauthor_id=42861732)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100871, P.R. China."), [Zixuan Ren](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ren+Z&cauthor_id=42861732)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100871, P.R. China."), [Xuanxu Nan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nan+X&cauthor_id=42861732)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100871, P.R. China."), [Lingyi Xu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xu+L&cauthor_id=42861732)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, P. R. China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing100034, P. R. China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing100034, P. R. China.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing100034, P. R. China."), [Li Yang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yang+L&cauthor_id=42861732)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, P. R. China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing100034, P. R. China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing100034, P. R. China.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing100034, P. R. China."), [Yue Cui](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Cui+Y&cauthor_id=42861732)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100871, P.R. China.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100871, P.R. China. * 2 Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, P. R. China. * 3 Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing100034, P. R. China. * 4 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing100034, P. R. China. * 5 Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing100034, P. R. China. * PMID: **42861732** * DOI: [ 10.1021/acssensors.6c01051 ](https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.6c01051) Item in Clipboard # A Miniaturized, Multilayer Structured Vertical Flow Paper Device Enabled One-Step, Multiplex, Spontaneous Detection of Biomarkers in Microliter Blood for Disease Screening Zichen Wang et al. ACS Sens. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ACS Sens Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22ACS+Sens%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22ACS+Sens%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/) . 2026 Oct 12. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.6c01051. Online ahead of print. ### Authors [Zichen Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+Z&cauthor_id=42861732)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100871, P.R. China."), [Zixuan Ren](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ren+Z&cauthor_id=42861732)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100871, P.R. China."), [Xuanxu Nan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nan+X&cauthor_id=42861732)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100871, P.R. China."), [Lingyi Xu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xu+L&cauthor_id=42861732)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, P. R. China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing100034, P. R. China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing100034, P. R. China.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing100034, P. R. China."), [Li Yang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yang+L&cauthor_id=42861732)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, P. R. China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing100034, P. R. China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing100034, P. R. China.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing100034, P. R. China."), [Yue Cui](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Cui+Y&cauthor_id=42861732)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100871, P.R. China.") ### Affiliations * 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100871, P.R. China. * 2 Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, P. R. China. * 3 Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing100034, P. R. China. * 4 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing100034, P. R. China. * 5 Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing100034, P. R. China. * PMID: **42861732** * DOI: [ 10.1021/acssensors.6c01051 ](https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.6c01051) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract Developing a miniaturized, portable device for multiplexed detection of a library of protein biomarkers from microliter blood sample is critical for early disease screening in many scenarios, such as home healthcare and emergency care. However, major challenges remain, including multiplexed detection without cross-interference, system-level miniaturization, reliable flow manipulation, and simple user operation. Here, we present a miniaturized, multilayer structured vertical flow paper device that enables one-step, multiplexed, spontaneous detection of biomarkers in microliter blood for screening of heart disease, kidney disease, and inflammation. The device is designed with a multilayer membrane structure that integrates 3D-printed glass fiber membranes, wax-printed nitrocellulose membranes, and cellulose absorption membranes, enabling autonomous wicking of the sample through the device while concurrently distributing the sample into multiple equal parts and executing the sandwich immunoassay and washing steps. Simultaneous quantification of 12 biomarkers is achieved, and clinical performance is validated using clinical samples from patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute kidney disease (AKD), or sepsis. The device requires about 60 μL of sample, delivers results in 15 min, and is also compact (12.5 cm3). Overall, this platform provides a novel and universal strategy for miniaturized multiplexed immunoassays for rapid clinical screening. **Keywords:** 3D printing; disease screening; multiplexed immunoassay; paper-based; vertical flow. © 2026 American Chemical Society. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Grants and funding * [ 2022CR83/Peking University First Hospital ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=2022CR83%2FPeking+University+First+Hospital%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc "All articles for grant 2022CR83/Peking University First Hospital") * [ 2022CX15/Peking University First Hospital ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=2022CX15%2FPeking+University+First+Hospital%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc "All articles for grant 2022CX15/Peking University First Hospital") * [ 52572310/National Natural Science Foundation of China ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=52572310%2FNational+Natural+Science+Foundation+of+China%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc "All articles for grant 52572310/National Natural Science Foundation of China") * [ 2022YFB3204400/National Key Research and Development Program of China ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=2022YFB3204400%2FNational+Key+Research+and+Development+Program+of+China%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc "All articles for grant 2022YFB3204400/National Key Research and Development Program of China") * [ Z241100009024052/Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Z241100009024052%2FBeijing+Science+and+Technology+Planning+Project%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc "All articles for grant Z241100009024052/Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project") [x] Cite Copy Download .nbib .nbib Format: AMA APA MLA NLM **Send To** * [Clipboard](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/) * [Email](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42861732%2F%23open-email-panel) * [Save](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42861732%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42861732%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation Manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42861732/) [x] NCBI Literature Resources [MeSH](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/) [PMC](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/) [Bookshelf](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books) [Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 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