---
title: "Pediatric Mental Health Interventions After Hospitalization: PICU vs Ward Medicaid Cohort"
id: "pubmed-42686204"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42686204"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Critical Care"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/"
doi: "10.1542/hpeds.2026-009345"
published_at: "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Pediatric Mental Health Interventions After Hospitalization: PICU vs Ward Medicaid Cohort
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42686204
- **Specialty:** [Critical Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/)
- **DOI:** [10.1542/hpeds.2026-009345](https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fhpeds.2026-009345)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Study examined rates of new **mental health** follow-up and psychopharmacology initiation among publicly insured children after hospitalization, comparing pediatric intensive care unit (**PICU**) stays to non-PICU ward stays using Medicaid claims from 2016–2021. - Retrospective cohort included children aged 3–18 years discharged home after an index hospitalization; primary exposure was PICU admission and primary outcome was any new mental health visit within 1 year of discharge. - Secondary outcomes captured clinician type for visits, diagnostic categories, and new psychiatric prescriptions; the study used multistate Medicaid claims data spanning 2016–2021. - Cohort comprised 144,763 pediatric hospitalizations; 20.7% included PICU stays. - Overall, only 5.2% of hospitalizations initiated new mental health care within 1 year. - New mental health visits occurred in 6.1% (n = 1,697) of PICU hospitalizations versus 4.9% (n = 5,252) of non-PICU hospitalizations. - PICU exposure was independently associated with a small but statistically significant increase in odds of a new mental health visit (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.00–1.14; P = .042). - Older age, presence of complex chronic conditions, and longer hospital length of stay were also associated with higher likelihood of new mental health visits. - The abstract text is truncated and the final conclusions and some detailed results (e.g., clinician type breakdown, diagnostic categories, psychopharmacology rates, and additional analyses) were not reported in the provided source text. - Source: Mariah L DeSerisy et al., Hosp Pediatr. 2026; PMID 42686204; DOI 10.1542/hpeds.2026-009345.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Online ahead of print. # Prevalence and Characteristics of Mental Health Interventions Following Pediatric Hospitalization [Mariah L DeSerisy](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=DeSerisy+ML&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio."), [Julia A Heneghan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Heneghan+JA&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota."), [Matt Hall](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hall+M&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Children's Hospital Association, Lenexa, Kansas."), [Daniel H Choi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Choi+DH&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island."), [Leslie A Dervan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dervan+LA&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, and Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington."), [Daniel Garros](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Garros+D&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada."), [Denise M Goodman](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Goodman+DM&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#full-view-affiliation-7 "Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois."), [Jason M Kane](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kane+JM&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#full-view-affiliation-8 "Department of Pediatrics, Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Comer Children's Hospital, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois."), [Joseph G Kohne](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kohne+JG&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#full-view-affiliation-9 "Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio."), [Colin M Rogerson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rogerson+CM&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 10 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#full-view-affiliation-10 "Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana."), [Nadia Roumeliotis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Roumeliotis+N&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 11 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#full-view-affiliation-11 "Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada."), [Vanessa Toomey](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Toomey+V&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 12 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#full-view-affiliation-12 "Children's Hospital Los Angeles; University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California."), [Adam C Dziorny](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dziorny+AC&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 13 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#full-view-affiliation-13 "Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. * 2 Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota. * 3 Children's Hospital Association, Lenexa, Kansas. * 4 Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. * 5 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, and Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington. * 6 Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. * 7 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. * 8 Department of Pediatrics, Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Comer Children's Hospital, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. * 9 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio. * 10 Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. * 11 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. * 12 Children's Hospital Los Angeles; University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California. * 13 Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York. * PMID: **42686204** * DOI: [ 10.1542/hpeds.2026-009345 ](https://doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2026-009345) Item in Clipboard # Prevalence and Characteristics of Mental Health Interventions Following Pediatric Hospitalization Mariah L DeSerisy et al. Hosp Pediatr. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Hosp Pediatr Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hosp+Pediatr%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Hosp+Pediatr%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/) . 2026 Sep 3:e2026009345. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2026-009345. Online ahead of print. ### Authors [Mariah L DeSerisy](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=DeSerisy+ML&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio."), [Julia A Heneghan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Heneghan+JA&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota."), [Matt Hall](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hall+M&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Children's Hospital Association, Lenexa, Kansas."), [Daniel H Choi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Choi+DH&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island."), [Leslie A Dervan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dervan+LA&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, and Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington."), [Daniel Garros](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Garros+D&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada."), [Denise M Goodman](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Goodman+DM&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#short-view-affiliation-7 "Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois."), [Jason M Kane](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kane+JM&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#short-view-affiliation-8 "Department of Pediatrics, Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Comer Children's Hospital, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois."), [Joseph G Kohne](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kohne+JG&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#short-view-affiliation-9 "Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio."), [Colin M Rogerson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rogerson+CM&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 10 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#short-view-affiliation-10 "Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana."), [Nadia Roumeliotis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Roumeliotis+N&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 11 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#short-view-affiliation-11 "Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada."), [Vanessa Toomey](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Toomey+V&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 12 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#short-view-affiliation-12 "Children's Hospital Los Angeles; University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California."), [Adam C Dziorny](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dziorny+AC&cauthor_id=42686204)[ 13 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42686204/#short-view-affiliation-13 "Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. * 2 Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota. * 3 Children's Hospital Association, Lenexa, Kansas. * 4 Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. * 5 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, and Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington. * 6 Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. * 7 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. * 8 Department of Pediatrics, Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Comer Children's Hospital, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. * 9 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio. * 10 Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. * 11 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. * 12 Children's Hospital Los Angeles; University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California. * 13 Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York. * PMID: **42686204** * DOI: [ 10.1542/hpeds.2026-009345 ](https://doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2026-009345) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background and objectives:** As survival after pediatric critical illness improves, attention has shifted to post-intensive care syndrome and the long-term mental health of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) survivors, who have high rates of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression. The objective of this study is to examine the rates of new mental health follow-up and psychopharmacology use among publicly insured children following PICU hospitalization, compared with those hospitalized on acute care wards. **Methods:** We performed a retrospective cohort study using 2016-2021 multistate Medicaid claims. The cohort comprised children aged 3 to 18 years discharged home after an index hospitalization. The primary exposure was PICU admission. The primary outcome was new mental health visits within 1 year after discharge. Secondary outcomes included visit clinician type, visit diagnoses category, and new psychiatric prescriptions. **Results:** Among 144 763 Medicaid-insured pediatric hospitalizations (20.7% with PICU stays), only 5.2% initiated new mental health care. When compared with hospitalizations without PICU exposure, those with PICU exposure were more likely to complete new mental health visits (n = 1697 [6.1%] of PICU hospitalizations vs 5252 [4.9%] of non-PICU hospitalizations). PICU exposure was independently associated with a new mental health visit (odds ratio 1.07; 95% CI 1-1.14; P = .042). Older age, complex chronic conditions, and longer length of stay were associated with new mental health visits. **Conclusions:** New mental healt
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