---
title: "Polysomnography and Cognitive Function in Perimenopausal Obstructive Sleep Apnea"
id: "pubmed-42706212"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42706212"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Critical Care"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42706212/"
doi: "10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260305-00125"
published_at: "2026-09-12T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Polysomnography and Cognitive Function in Perimenopausal Obstructive Sleep Apnea
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42706212
- **Specialty:** [Critical Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42706212/)
- **DOI:** [10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260305-00125](https://doi.org/10.3760%2Fcma.j.cn112147-20260305-00125)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-12T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Perimenopausal women have a significantly increased prevalence of **obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)**, but many cases are underdiagnosed because OSA symptoms overlap with menopausal symptoms. - Unrecognized OSA in this population can accelerate cognitive decline via two main pathways: **intermittent hypoxia** and sleep fragmentation. - Recent studies describe a distinctive polysomnographic (**PSG**) “physiological fingerprint” in perimenopausal OSA: predominance of **hypopnea** events, respiratory events concentrated in **REM** sleep, a “high-frequency low-amplitude” hypoxic pattern, and frequent microarousals causing sleep fragmentation. - Each PSG feature links mechanistically to specific cognitive domains: REM disruption impairs emotional memory consolidation; frequent microarousals impair executive function and attention; intermittent hypoxia promotes oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that underlie cognitive decline. - The traditional diagnostic metric, the apnea-hypopnea index (**AHI**), may not fully capture disease burden or the aspects of PSG most relevant to cognition in this group. - There is a recognized need for multidimensional assessment approaches beyond AHI and for individualized, targeted intervention strategies to improve early identification and precision management of high-risk perimenopausal women with OSA. - The reviewed article systematically summarizes PSG characteristics in perimenopausal OSA and explores their association with cognitive impairment, aiming to inform evidence-based early detection and precision care. - Conflict of interest: all authors declared no competing interests. - Funding: the work lists support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 82470086).
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine & Sleep Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. * 2 Department of Neurology& Sleep Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun 130021, China. * 3 Department Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine & Sleep Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. * PMID: **42706212** * DOI: [ 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260305-00125 ](https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260305-00125) Item in Clipboard Review # [Research progress on polysomnographic characteristics and cognitive function in perimenopausal obstructive sleep apnea] [Article in Chinese] J B Pan et al. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Zhonghua+Jie+He+He+Hu+Xi+Za+Zhi%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Zhonghua+Jie+He+He+Hu+Xi+Za+Zhi%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42706212/) . 2026 Sep 12;49(9):1022-1026. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260305-00125. ### Authors [J B Pan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pan+JB&cauthor_id=42706212)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42706212/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine & Sleep Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China."), [F F Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+FF&cauthor_id=42706212)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42706212/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine & Sleep Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China."), [Z J Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+ZJ&cauthor_id=42706212)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42706212/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Neurology& Sleep Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun 130021, China."), [H B Yuan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yuan+HB&cauthor_id=42706212)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42706212/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine & Sleep Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine & Sleep Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. * 2 Department of Neurology& Sleep Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun 130021, China. * 3 Department Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine & Sleep Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. * PMID: **42706212** * DOI: [ 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260305-00125 ](https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260305-00125) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract in [ English, ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42706212/#eng-abstract) [ Chinese ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42706212/#zho-abstract) The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is significantly increased in perimenopausal women. However, its symptoms overlap considerably with menopausal symptoms, leading to a very high underdiagnosis rate. Unrecognized OSA may exacerbate cognitive decline through intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. Recent studies have revealed a unique polysomnographic (PSG) "physiological fingerprint" in this population: predominance of hypopnea events, respiratory events highly concentrated in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, a "high-frequency low-amplitude" hypoxic pattern, and sleep fragmentation with frequent microarousals. This characteristic profile is mechanistically linked to cognitive impairment: REM sleep disruption impairs emotional memory consolidation, frequent microarousals disrupt executive function and attention, and intermittent hypoxia constitutes the pathological basis of cognitive decline through oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. However, the current diagnostic framework based on the traditional apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) fails to capture the true disease burden, and targeted intervention strategies are lacking. This review aims to systematically summarize the PSG characteristics of perimenopausal women with OSA and their association with cognitive impairment, exploring multidimensional assessment approaches beyond AHI and individualized intervention pathways, thereby providing evidence-based guidance for early identification and precision management of this high-risk population. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）在围绝经期女性中患病率显著升高，但其症状与绝经相关症状高度重叠，导致漏诊率极高，而未被识别的OSA可通过间歇性低氧与睡眠片段化加剧认知功能衰退。近年研究发现，该人群呈现独特的多导睡眠图（PSG）“生理指纹”：以低通气事件为主导；呼吸事件高度集中于快速眼动（REM）睡眠期；缺氧模式呈“高频低幅”特征，伴频繁微觉醒的睡眠片段化。此特征谱与认知损害的机制密切相关：REM睡眠期紊乱损害情绪以及记忆巩固，高频微觉醒破坏执行功能与注意力，而间歇性低氧则通过氧化应激与神经炎症构成认知衰退的病理基础。然而，目前基于传统呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）的诊断框架难以识别其真实的疾病负荷，且缺乏针对性干预策略。本文旨在系统综述围绝经期OSA女性的PSG特征谱及其与认知功能损害之间的关联，探讨超越AHI的多维评估体系及个体化干预路径，以期为该高风险人群的早期识别与精准管理提供循证依据。. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement 所有作者声明无利益冲突 ## Similar articles * [ [Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in adults (2025)]. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41820035/) Chinese Thoracic Society.Chinese Thoracic Society.Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2026 Mar 12;49(3):264-296. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20251108-00694.Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2026.PMID: 41820035Chinese. * [ Polysomnography in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: an evidence-based analysis. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23074483/) Medical Advisory Secretariat.Medical Advisory Secretariat.Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2006;6(13):1-38. Epub 2006 Jun 1.Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2006.PMID: 23074483Free PMC article. * [ [Comparative study on clinical and polysomnographic characteristics between rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement obstructive sleep apnea]. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41457028/) She N, Lu C, Zhu S, Zhou Y, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Wei X, Ren X, Liu H.She N, et al.Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2026 Jan;40(1):39-45. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2026.01.007.Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2026.PMID: 41457028Free PMC article.Chinese. * [ Obstructive sleep apnea, periodic limb movements, and REM sleep without atonia are common in Parkinson's disease and correlate with motor symptom burden. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40982332/) Carpi M, Pierantozzi M, Fernandes M, Manfredi N, Ludovisi R, Menegotti M, Schirinzi T, Cerroni R, Stefani A, Mercuri NB, Liguori C.Carpi M, et al.J Parkinsons Dis. 2025 Nov;15(7):1229-1239. doi: 10.1177/1877718X251358279. Epub 2025 Sep 22.J Parkinsons Dis. 2025.PMID: 40982332Free PMC article. * [ [Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in women]. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38858201/) Chinese Thoracic Society.Chinese Thoracic Society.Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2024 Jun 12;47(6):509-528. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240206-00072.Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2024.PMID: 38858201Chinese. 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