---
title: "Research Confidence Among Critical Care Nurses: Mixed-Methods Preliminary Study"
id: "pubmed-42661391"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42661391"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Critical Care"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/"
doi: "10.1111/nicc.70651"
published_at: "2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Research Confidence Among Critical Care Nurses: Mixed-Methods Preliminary Study
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42661391
- **Specialty:** [Critical Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/)
- **DOI:** [10.1111/nicc.70651](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnicc.70651)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This preliminary mixed-methods study examined **research confidence** in critical care nurses working in the United Kingdom. - Data collection combined a survey questionnaire with focus group discussions (FGD). - Survey results showed nurses reported **moderate levels of confidence** in research-related skills and activities. - Thematic analysis of FGDs identified **organisational barriers** that limit nurses' engagement with research and highlighted the supportive role of the **research link nurse** in building confidence. - Authors conclude that healthcare organisations should take active steps to increase nurses' confidence to engage in research so clinical benefits of research can be maximised. - The paper is a preliminary study published in Nurs Crit Care (2026 Sep;31(5):e70651), authored by Mary Grace Anne P Batalla and Jeffrey R Salazar, affiliated with Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (PMID: 42661391; DOI: 10.1111/nicc.70651). - Conflict of interest: authors declare no conflicts. - Figures in the full text present mean confidence scores and FGD themes; the abstract reports qualitative themes but does not provide detailed numerical results in the PubMed abstract.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliation * 1 Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. * PMID: **42661391** * PMCID: [ PMC13522728 ](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13522728/) * DOI: [ 10.1111/nicc.70651 ](https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.70651) Item in Clipboard # Research Confidence of Critical Care Nurses: A Mixed Methods Preliminary Study Mary Grace Anne P Batalla et al. Nurs Crit Care. 2026 Sep. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Nurs Crit Care Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nurs+Crit+Care%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Nurs+Crit+Care%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) . 2026 Sep;31(5):e70651. doi: 10.1111/nicc.70651. ### Authors [Mary Grace Anne P Batalla](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Batalla+MGAP&cauthor_id=42661391)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK."), [Jeffrey R Salazar](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Salazar+JR&cauthor_id=42661391)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.") ### Affiliation * 1 Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. * PMID: **42661391** * PMCID: [ PMC13522728 ](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13522728/) * DOI: [ 10.1111/nicc.70651 ](https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.70651) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Gaining competencies in the research process is difficult and labour-intensive, especially if the nurse has no prior experience in research engagement. The aim of this paper was to examine the research confidence of critical care nurses. This preliminary study utilised a mixed methods design. Critical care nurses working in the United Kingdom participated in the study. A survey questionnaire and focus group discussions (FGD) were used to collect data. Findings showed that nurses had moderate levels of confidence in research skills. Thematic analyses of FGD responses highlighted the organisational barriers to and the role of the research link nurse in increasing nurses' confidence in research activities. As such, healthcare organisations should take steps to boost confidence in research. Nurses who feel confident in engaging and participating in research activities are ideally positioned to maximise the benefits of research in clinical practice. **Keywords:** critical care nursing; research competencies; research confidence; research engagement. © 2026 British Association of Critical Care Nurses. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no conflicts of interest. ## Figures [ ![FIGURE 1](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/caf5/13522728/173bcd0fda80/NICC-31-0-g002.gif) ](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/caf5/13522728/1e8cf0f72d13/NICC-31-0-g002.webp) ** FIGURE 1 ** Mean confidence scores in research‐related… ** FIGURE 1 ** Mean confidence scores in research‐related activities. **FIGURE 1** Mean confidence scores in research‐related activities. [ ![FIGURE 2](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/caf5/13522728/872e421c9e4b/NICC-31-0-g001.gif) ](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/caf5/13522728/566fbfbd92ff/NICC-31-0-g001.webp) ** FIGURE 2 ** Themes of focus group discussion… ** FIGURE 2 ** Themes of focus group discussion of post‐Step 3 nurses. **FIGURE 2** Themes of focus group discussion of post‐Step 3 nurses. [See this image and copyright information in PMC](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) ## Similar articles * [ A model of occupational stress to assess impact of COVID-19 on critical care and redeployed nurses: a mixed-methods study. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39708055/) Rattray J, Miller J, Pollard B, McCallum L, Hull A, Ramsay P, Salisbury L, Scott T, Cole S, Dixon D.Rattray J, et al.Health Soc Care Deliv Res. 2024 Dec;13(23):1-32. doi: 10.3310/PWRT8714.Health Soc Care Deliv Res. 2024.PMID: 39708055 * [ Clinical Nurses' Attitudes and Self-Reported Practices of Family Nursing in Japan Following COVID-19 Visitation Restrictions: A Cross-Sectional Study. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41376411/) Tsukuda M, Honda J, Nojima K, Ito Y, Asada H.Tsukuda M, et al.J Clin Nurs. 2026 Apr;35(4):1598-1608. doi: 10.1111/jocn.70181. Epub 2025 Dec 11.J Clin Nurs. 2026.PMID: 41376411Free PMC article. * [ Evaluating Nurses' Perspectives on the Acceptability and Practicality of Comfort Rounding for Personalised Nutritional and Mobility Care in Surgical Wards: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41422494/) Becking-Verhaar F, Pelzer F, Van Noort H, Roosen C, Van Eijk-Hustings Y, De Van Der Schueren M, Vermeulen H, Waal GH.Becking-Verhaar F, et al.J Adv Nurs. 2026 Aug;82(8):8158-8171. doi: 10.1111/jan.70462. Epub 2025 Dec 21.J Adv Nurs. 2026.PMID: 41422494Free PMC article. * [ Relationships between duration of practice, educational level, and perception of barriers to implement evidence-based practice among critical care nurses. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26630362/) Phillips C.Phillips C.Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015 Dec;13(4):224-32. doi: 10.1097/XEB.0000000000000044.Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015.PMID: 26630362 * [ Research utilisation in clinical practice: the experience of nurses and midwives working in public hospitals. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33722262/) Dagne AH, Tebeje H/D.Dagne AH, et al.Reprod Health. 2021 Mar 15;18(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s12978-021-01095-x.Reprod Health. 2021.PMID: 33722262Free PMC article. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42661391) ## References 1. 1. Hare N. and Whitehouse C. L., “Engaging With Research: Practical Advice for Nurses at Every Level,” Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain): 1987) 37, no. 3 (2022): 30–34, 10.7748/ns.2022.e11738. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2022.e11738) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34981700/) 2. 1. Chen Q., Liu D., Zhou C., and Tang S., “Relationship Between Critical Thinking Disposition and Research Competence Among Clinical Nurses: A Cross‐Sectional Study,” Journal of Clinical Nursing 29, no. 7–8 (2020): 1332–1340, 10.1111/jocn.15201. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15201) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31971305/) 3. 1. Mulkey M. A. and Mulkey M. 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Fitzpatrick C., Buckingham T., Merrell J., McCooey C., and Richardson D., “Engaging Nurses in Research and Quality Improvement Is Associated With Higher Job Satisfaction and Lower Rates of Unscheduled Time Off Work: A Pilot Study,” International Journal of STD & AIDS 1, no. 7 (2020): 702–704, 10.1177/0956462420901989. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462420901989) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32448075/) Show all 26 references ## MeSH terms * Attitude of Health Personnel Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Attitude+of+Health+Personnel%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Attitude+of+Health+Personnel) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) * Clinical Competence* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Clinical+Competence%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Clinical+Competence) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) * Critical Care Nursing* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Critical+Care+Nursing%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Critical+Care+Nursing) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) * Female Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) * Focus Groups Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Focus+Groups%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Focus+Groups) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) * Nursing Research* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nursing+Research%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Nursing+Research) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) * Nursing Staff, Hospital* / psychology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nursing+Staff%2C+Hospital%2Fpsychology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Nursing+Staff%2C+Hospital) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) * Surveys and Questionnaires Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Surveys+and+Questionnaires%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Surveys+and+Questionnaires) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) * United Kingdom Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22United+Kingdom%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=United+Kingdom) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) ## LinkOut - more resources * ### Full Text Sources * [ PubMed Central ](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/42661391/) * [ Wiley ](https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.70651) **Full text links** [x] [![Wiley full text link](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/http:--media.wiley.com-assets-7388-69-wiley-full-text.png) Wiley ](https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.70651 "See full text options at Wiley")[ Free PMC article ](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/42661391/ "Free full text at PubMed Central") [x] Cite Copy Download .nbib .nbib Format: AMA APA MLA NLM **Send To** * [Clipboard](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) * [Email](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42661391%2F%23open-email-panel) * [Save](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42661391%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42661391%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation Manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661391/) [x] NCBI Literature Resources [MeSH](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/) [PMC](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/) [Bookshelf](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books) [Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 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