---
title: "Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis Burden and Risk Factors in US Dialysis Patients (2016–2023)"
id: "pubmed-42678772"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42678772"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Critical Care"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/"
doi: "10.34067/KID.0000001335"
published_at: "2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis Burden and Risk Factors in US Dialysis Patients (2016–2023)
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42678772
- **Specialty:** [Critical Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/critical-care.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/)
- **DOI:** [10.34067/KID.0000001335](https://doi.org/10.34067%2FKID.0000001335)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This retrospective cohort study used Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims and United States Renal Data System data from 2016–2023 to evaluate **Staphylococcus aureus**-related sepsis among adults receiving maintenance dialysis in the US. - S. aureus-related sepsis was identified by ICD-10 codes A41.01 and A41.02; event rates were expressed per 100 patient-years for first and multiple events and stratified by demographic and clinical features. - Central venous catheter (CVC) prevalence rose from 16% in 2016 to 24% in 2023 among dialysis patients, reflecting pandemic-era shifts in vascular access practice. - Overall incidence for first S. aureus-related sepsis events was 3.3 per 100 patient-years; rate for multiple events was 4.1 per 100 patient-years. - Hemodialysis (HD) patients using **CVCs** had substantially higher first-event rates (8.4 per 100 PY) compared with arteriovenous fistula users (2.0 per 100 PY) and peritoneal dialysis patients (1.0 per 100 PY). - Higher event rates were observed in younger patients, males, and those with diabetes, heart failure, or immunosuppressive conditions. - In adjusted Cox models, catheter use (vs. fistula) was strongly associated with S. aureus-related sepsis (hazard ratio 4.24; 95% CI 4.15–4.33). - Authors conclude that S. aureus-related sepsis remains a substantial burden in US dialysis patients, particularly among CVC users, and emphasize targeted prevention focused on vascular access optimization and management of high-risk subgroups. - Specific details on study limitations, microbiology beyond ICD-10 coding, and granular prevention strategies were not reported in the abstract.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Online ahead of print. # Burden and Risk Factors for Staphylococcus aureus-Related Sepsis among US Dialysis Patients: A Retrospective Claims-Based Cohort Study [Sammantha B Fuller](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fuller+SB&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA."), [Dongyu Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+D&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA."), [Brian Bieber](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bieber+B&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA."), [Sabada Dube](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dube+S&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Infectious Disease, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK."), [Roberto Pecoits-Filho](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pecoits-Filho+R&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA."), [Jillian Schrager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Schrager+J&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA."), [Sylvia Taylor](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Taylor+S&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Infectious Disease, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK."), [Sudhir Venkatesan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Venkatesan+S&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Medical and Payer Evidence, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK."), [Catia Ferreira](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ferreira+C&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Infectious Disease, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA."), [Angelo Karaboyas](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Karaboyas+A&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. * 2 Infectious Disease, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK. * 3 Medical and Payer Evidence, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK. * 4 Infectious Disease, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA. * PMID: **42678772** * DOI: [ 10.34067/KID.0000001335 ](https://doi.org/10.34067/kid.0000001335) Item in Clipboard # Burden and Risk Factors for Staphylococcus aureus-Related Sepsis among US Dialysis Patients: A Retrospective Claims-Based Cohort Study Sammantha B Fuller et al. Kidney360. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Kidney360 Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Kidney360%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Kidney360%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/) . 2026 Sep 1. doi: 10.34067/KID.0000001335. Online ahead of print. ### Authors [Sammantha B Fuller](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fuller+SB&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA."), [Dongyu Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+D&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA."), [Brian Bieber](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bieber+B&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA."), [Sabada Dube](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dube+S&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Infectious Disease, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK."), [Roberto Pecoits-Filho](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pecoits-Filho+R&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA."), [Jillian Schrager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Schrager+J&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA."), [Sylvia Taylor](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Taylor+S&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Infectious Disease, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK."), [Sudhir Venkatesan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Venkatesan+S&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Medical and Payer Evidence, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK."), [Catia Ferreira](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ferreira+C&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Infectious Disease, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA."), [Angelo Karaboyas](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Karaboyas+A&cauthor_id=42678772)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678772/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.") ### Affiliations * 1 Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. * 2 Infectious Disease, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK. * 3 Medical and Payer Evidence, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK. * 4 Infectious Disease, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA. * PMID: **42678772** * DOI: [ 10.34067/KID.0000001335 ](https://doi.org/10.34067/kid.0000001335) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** Patients receiving dialysis, particularly those on hemodialysis with central venous catheters (CVC), are at higher risk of bloodstream infections, often caused by Staphylococcus aureus. After years of declining CVC prevalence, pandemic-related shifts in dialysis practices led to higher CVC use and increased concern regarding contemporary infection risk. This study used national data spanning pre-, intra-, and post-pandemic periods to determine current rates and risk factors for S. aureus-related sepsis in the US dialysis population. **Methods:** A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims and United States Renal Data System data from 2016 through 2023 for adults >18 years of age receiving maintenance dialysis. S. aureus-related sepsis was identified using ICD-10 codes A41.01 and A41.02. Event rates per 100 patient-years (PY) were calculated for first and multiple events, stratified by demographic and clinical characteristics. Cox regression was used to identify risk factors. **Results:** CVC use rose from 16% in 2016 to 24% in 2023. S. aureus-related sepsis incidence was 3.3 per 100 PY for first events and 4.1 per 100 PY for multiple events. First-event rates were higher among HD recipients using CVCs (8.4) versus those with arteriovenous fistulas (2.0) or peritoneal dialysis recipients (1.0). Rates were elevated in younger patients, males, and those with diabetes, heart failure, or immunosuppressive conditions. In adjusted models, catheter use (vs. fistulas) was strongly associated with S. aureus-related sepsis (hazard ratio: 4.24, 95% confidence interval: 4.15 to 4.33). **Conclusions:** S. aureus-related sepsis remains a substantial burden among US dialysis patients, especially among CVC users, presenting a persistent challenge for the nephrology community in the context of rising CVC prevalence post-pandemic. Despite modest overall declines since 2016, persistent high rates underscore the need for targeted prevention, particularly optimizing vascular access and managing high-risk subgroups. Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, LLC. on behalf of the American Society of Nephrology. 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