---
title: "Air‑abrasion Pretreatment Improves Retention of Giomer‑Based Pit and Fissure Sealants: 12‑Month RCT"
id: "pubmed-42687162"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42687162"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Dentistry"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/"
doi: "10.1186/s12903-026-09691-8"
published_at: "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Air‑abrasion Pretreatment Improves Retention of Giomer‑Based Pit and Fissure Sealants: 12‑Month RCT
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42687162
- **Specialty:** [Dentistry](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/dentistry.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/)
- **DOI:** [10.1186/s12903-026-09691-8](https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12903-026-09691-8)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This randomized parallel‑arm clinical trial evaluated whether **bioactive glass air‑abrasion** pretreatment improves retention and caries prevention of a **giomer‑based pit and fissure sealant** over 12 months. - Ninety‑six participants were enrolled; each contributed one sound permanent molar (48 teeth per group). Participants were randomized to intervention (air‑abrasion + giomer sealant) or comparator (giomer sealant without pretreatment). - Outcomes assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months included sealant retention (primary outcome) using Simonsen's criteria and secondary caries incidence using modified USPHS criteria. - At 6 months, complete retention was 91.7% in the intervention group versus 75.0% in the comparator group; this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.068). - At 12 months, complete sealant retention was significantly higher with air‑abrasion pretreatment (87.5%) compared with no pretreatment (33.3%) (p < 0.0001). - Relative risk analysis showed an 81.25% lower risk of sealant retention failure in the intervention group versus comparator (RR = 0.1875; 95% CI: 0.0864–0.4069; p < 0.0001). - No difference in secondary caries incidence between groups was detected during 12 months (p = 1.0000). - Trial was registered (NCT06003452) and conducted with ethics approval from the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University; authors declared no competing interests. - The study concludes that mechanical conditioning with **bioactive glass air‑abrasion** before placing a **giomer** sealant significantly improves retention at 12 months without affecting short‑term caries outcomes.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, 11 Al-Saraya Street, Al-Manial, Cairo, Egypt. yomna.sayed@dentistry.cu.edu.eg. * 2 Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, 11 Al-Saraya Street, Al-Manial, Cairo, Egypt. * 3 Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibn Sina University for Medical Sciences, Amman, 16197, Jordan. * PMID: **42687162** * DOI: [ 10.1186/s12903-026-09691-8 ](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09691-8) Item in Clipboard Randomized Controlled Trial # Clinical performance of a giomer-based pit and fissure sealant with and without air-abrasion pretreatment: a 12-month randomized clinical trial Yomna Sayed Khallaf et al. BMC Oral Health. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID BMC Oral Health Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22BMC+Oral+Health%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22BMC+Oral+Health%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/) . 2026 Sep 3;26(1):1662. doi: 10.1186/s12903-026-09691-8. ### Authors [Yomna Sayed Khallaf](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Khallaf+YS&cauthor_id=42687162)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, 11 Al-Saraya Street, Al-Manial, Cairo, Egypt. yomna.sayed@dentistry.cu.edu.eg."), [Olfat Elsayed Hassanein](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hassanein+OE&cauthor_id=42687162)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, 11 Al-Saraya Street, Al-Manial, Cairo, Egypt."), [Aya Mohamed Adly](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Adly+AM&cauthor_id=42687162)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, 11 Al-Saraya Street, Al-Manial, Cairo, Egypt."), [Dina Kamal](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kamal+D&cauthor_id=42687162)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, 11 Al-Saraya Street, Al-Manial, Cairo, Egypt.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibn Sina University for Medical Sciences, Amman, 16197, Jordan.") ### Affiliations * 1 Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, 11 Al-Saraya Street, Al-Manial, Cairo, Egypt. yomna.sayed@dentistry.cu.edu.eg. * 2 Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, 11 Al-Saraya Street, Al-Manial, Cairo, Egypt. * 3 Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibn Sina University for Medical Sciences, Amman, 16197, Jordan. * PMID: **42687162** * DOI: [ 10.1186/s12903-026-09691-8 ](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09691-8) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** Pit and fissure sealants are widely used for caries prevention; however, their long-term success depends largely on retention. Giomer-based sealants containing surface pre-reacted glass ionomer fillers offer bioactive properties, yet concerns remain regarding their bonding durability when applied with mild self-etch primers. This randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of bioactive glass air-abrasion pretreatment on the retention and caries preventive efficacy of a giomer-based sealant in young adults over 12 months. **Methods:** This parallel-arm randomized clinical trial included 96 participants, each contributing one eligible sound permanent molar (n = 48 per group). Participants were randomly allocated to either bioactive glass air-abrasion pretreatment followed by application of a giomer-based sealant (intervention group) or application of the same sealant without pretreatment (comparator group). Sealant retention and secondary caries incidence were evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months using Simonsen's criteria, and modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria, respectively. The primary outcome was sealant retention at 12 months, whereas secondary caries incidence was assessed as a secondary outcome. Intergroup comparisons were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Intragroup comparisons were analyzed using Cochran's Q test followed by multiple comparisons. Relative risk with 95% confidence intervals was calculated. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. **Results:** At 6 months, complete sealant retention was observed in 91.7% of teeth in the intervention group and 75.0% in the comparator group, with no statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.068). At 12 months, complete sealant retention was significantly higher in the intervention group (87.5%) than in the comparator group (33.3%) (p < 0.0001). Teeth in the intervention group exhibited an 81.25% lower risk of sealant retention failure compared with the comparator group (RR = 0.1875; 95% CI: 0.0864-0.4069; p < 0.0001). No differences in secondary caries incidence were detected between groups during the 12-month follow-up period (p = 1.0000). **Conclusions:** Bioactive glass air-abrasion pretreatment significantly improved the retention of a giomer-based fissure sealant compared with sealant application without pretreatment. No differences in secondary caries incidence were detected between groups during the 12-month follow-up period. Incorporating mechanical surface conditioning prior to sealant placement may enhance sealant retention without compromising preventive efficacy. **Trial registration:** https://clinicaltrials.gov/ , ([NCT06003452](http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT06003452 "See in ClinicalTrials.gov")), 15-08-2023. **Keywords:** Air-abrasion pretreatment; Giomer-based sealant; Pit and fissure sealant; Randomized clinical trial; Sealant retention. © 2026. The Author(s). [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declarations. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was carried out in full compliance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and its most recent amendments (2013 revision). Approval for the study protocol was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University (Approval ID: 32424). Participation was voluntary, and written informed consent was obtained from all individuals before their inclusion in the trial. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. ## References 1. 1. Alasraj AF, Alasimi OM, Alturki AA, Almatrouk WF, Alhazzaa NA, Almutairi BH, et al. Dental caries as a biofilm-mediated disease: current concepts and emerging therapies. Rev Diabet Stud. 2024;20:64–78. 2. 1. Li X, Li R, Wang H, Yang Z, Liu Y, Li X, Xue X, Sun S, Wu LA. Global burden of dental caries from 1990 to 2021 and future projections. Int Dent J. 2025;75:100904. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2025.100904) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40714315/) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/12318333/) 3. 1. Topal BG, Kirzioglu Z. Evaluation of the fissure sealants applied to erupting permanent molars in accordance to eruption stages: A prospective study. Niger J Clin Pract. 2019;22:1495–502. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_534_18) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31719270/) 4. 1. Beauchamp J, Caufield PW, Crall JJ, Donly K, Feigal R, Gooch B, et al. Evidence-based clinical recommendations for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants: a report of the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008;139:257–68. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0155) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18310730/) 5. 1. Wright JT, Crall JJ, Fontana M, Gillette EJ, Nový BB, Dhar V, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants: A report of the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016;147:672–e68212. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2016.06.001) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27470525/) Show all 32 references ## Publication types * Randomized Controlled Trial Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Randomized+Controlled+Trial%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Randomized+Controlled+Trial) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/) * Comparative Study Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Comparative+Study%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Comparative+Study) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/) ## MeSH terms * Air Abrasion, Dental* / methods Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Air+Abrasion%2C+Dental%2Fmethods%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Air+Abrasion%2C+Dental) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/) * Dental Bonding Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dental+Bonding%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Dental+Bonding) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/) * Dental Caries* / prevention & control Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dental+Caries%2Fprevention+and+control%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Dental+Caries) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/) * Female Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/) * Follow-Up Studies Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Follow-Up+Studies%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Follow-Up+Studies) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/) * Glass Ionomer Cements* / chemistry Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Glass+Ionomer+Cements%2Fchemistry%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Glass+Ionomer+Cements) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/) * Glass Ionomer Cements* / therapeutic use Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Glass+Ionomer+Cements%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Glass+Ionomer+Cements) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/) * Molar Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Molar%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Molar) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687162/) * Pit and Fissure Sealants* / chemistry Actions * [ Sear
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