---
title: "Short-term effects of toothpaste formulations on salivary calcium: randomized crossover trial"
id: "pubmed-42752694"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42752694"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Dentistry"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752694/"
doi: "10.1371/journal.pone.0358715"
published_at: "2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Short-term effects of toothpaste formulations on salivary calcium: randomized crossover trial
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42752694
- **Specialty:** [Dentistry](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/dentistry.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752694/)
- **DOI:** [10.1371/journal.pone.0358715](https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0358715)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Objective: Assess short-term impacts of three commercially available **toothpaste formulations** on **salivary calcium** concentration, given that agents such as **pyrophosphate** can chelate calcium and affect calculus formation. - Design: Randomized, three-treatment, three-period crossover trial in 48 healthy volunteers with 2-day washout periods between treatments. - Interventions: Three sodium fluoride toothpastes used in randomized order: Sensodyne (PVM/MA copolymer), Dentalux (pyrophosphate + zinc), and Parodontax (sodium bicarbonate). - Sampling: Unstimulated saliva collected at baseline (T0), immediately after brushing (T1), 30 minutes (T2), and 60 minutes (T3); salivary calcium measured by colorimetric assay. - Analysis: Linear mixed-effects models with fixed effects for toothpaste formulation, time point, treatment sequence, and toothpaste-by-time interaction; participant as random effect. - Main findings: Significant effects of **toothpaste formulation**, measurement time, and the toothpaste-by-time interaction (all P < 0.001); treatment sequence non-significant (P = 0.927). - Specific results: Parodontax produced significantly lower salivary calcium immediately after brushing (T1) compared with Dentalux and Sensodyne (both Bonferroni-adjusted P < 0.001). Differences attenuated at 30 minutes and were not significant at 60 minutes. - No significant differences were found between Dentalux and Sensodyne at any time point. - Conclusion: Commercial fluoride toothpastes differ in short-term, product-level effects on salivary calcium, with greatest divergence immediately after brushing. Because formulations differ in multiple ingredients, results reflect product-level effects rather than single-ingredient causality. - Recommendation: Authors call for further multicentre studies to confirm findings and determine clinical relevance.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Chair of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany. * 2 Division of Functional Genomics, Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany. * PMID: **42752694** * DOI: [ 10.1371/journal.pone.0358715 ](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358715) Item in Clipboard Randomized Controlled Trial # Short-term effects of different toothpaste formulations on total salivary calcium: A randomized crossover study Lina Aminy et al. PLoS One. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID PLoS One Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22PLoS+One%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22PLoS+One%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752694/) . 2026 Sep 17;21(9):e0358715. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0358715. eCollection 2026. ### Authors [Lina Aminy](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aminy+L&cauthor_id=42752694)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752694/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Chair of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany."), [Mozhgan Bizhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bizhang+M&cauthor_id=42752694)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752694/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Chair of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany."), [Claudia Klinger](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Klinger+C&cauthor_id=42752694)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752694/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Division of Functional Genomics, Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany."), [Stefan Zimmer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zimmer+S&cauthor_id=42752694)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752694/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Chair of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany."), [Andreas Savelsbergh](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Savelsbergh+A&cauthor_id=42752694)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752694/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Division of Functional Genomics, Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.") ### Affiliations * 1 Chair of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany. * 2 Division of Functional Genomics, Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany. * PMID: **42752694** * DOI: [ 10.1371/journal.pone.0358715 ](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358715) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Objectives:** Dental calculus formation can be inhibited by toothpastes containing pyrophosphate, which chelates calcium ions and prevents hydroxyapatite crystal formation. Although pyrophosphate may also influence salivary calcium availability, the short-term effects of commercially available toothpaste formulations on salivary calcium concentrations remain insufficiently characterized. This study investigated and compared the short-term effects of three fluoride toothpastes on salivary calcium concentration. **Methods:** A randomized, three-treatment, three-period crossover trial was conducted in 48 healthy volunteers. The participants used three commercially available sodium fluoride toothpastes in randomized order: a formulation containing methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid copolymer, PVM/MA copolymer (Sensodyne), a formulation containing pyrophosphate and zinc (Dentalux), and a formulation containing sodium bicarbonate (Parodontax). Treatment periods were separated by a 2-day washout. Unstimulated saliva was collected at baseline (T0), immediately after brushing (T1), 30 min (T2), and 60 min (T3). Salivary calcium concentrations were quantified using a colorimetric assay. Data were analysed using linear mixed-effects models with toothpaste formulation, measurement time, treatment sequence, and the toothpaste-by-time interaction as fixed effects and participant as a random effect. **Results:** Significant effects were observed for toothpaste formulation (F(2,103.35)=42.31, P < 0.001), measurement time (F(3,141)=39.78, P < 0.001), and the toothpaste-by-time interaction (F(6,141)=23.91, P < 0.001), whereas treatment sequence had no significant effect (P = 0.927). Compared with Dentalux® and Sensodyne®, Parodontax® resulted in significantly lower salivary calcium concentrations (both Bonferroni-adjusted P < 0.001), immediately after brushing (T1). The differences decreased after 30 min and were no longer significant after 60 min. No significant differences were observed between Dentalux® and Sensodyne® at any time point. **Conclusions:** Commercially available fluoride toothpastes produced different short-term effects on the salivary calcium concentration, with the greatest differences occurring immediately after brushing. Because the products differed in terms of multiple formulation ingredients, the findings reflect product-level effects rather than ingredient-specific effects. Further multicentre studies are warranted to confirm these findings and evaluate their clinical relevance. Copyright: © 2026 Aminy et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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