---
title: "Neurotransmitter Imbalance in Kisspeptin/GnRH Regulation in PCOS Rodent Models"
id: "pubmed-42140496"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42140496"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Endocrinology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/"
doi: "10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116262"
published_at: "2026-08-05T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Neurotransmitter Imbalance in Kisspeptin/GnRH Regulation in PCOS Rodent Models
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42140496
- **Specialty:** [Endocrinology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/endocrinology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116262](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbr.2026.116262)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-05T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This systematic review examined neurotransmitter- and neuromodulator-related gene/protein expression and neurotransmitter content linked to **kisspeptin** and **GnRH** signaling in rat and mouse models of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). - Searches were performed in PubMed and Web of Science and 52 research articles met inclusion criteria. - In non-PCOS-like rodents, **kisspeptinergic** and **noradrenergic** pathways stimulate GnRH neurons; **serotonergic** and **GABAergic** inputs show receptor-dependent bidirectional effects (some receptor subtypes inhibitory, others excitatory). - PCOS-like rodents show model-dependent dysfunction in signaling to GnRH neurons: postnatal androgenization produced reductions in kisspeptinergic, monoaminergic, and GABAergic signaling; prenatal androgenization left kisspeptinergic signaling unchanged while monoaminergic and GABAergic changes were not clearly established; postnatal estrogenization reduced kisspeptinergic and GABAergic signaling but increased monoaminergic neurotransmission in that model. - Authors propose that decreased kisspeptin, monoamine, and GABA signaling in postnatally androgenized models suggests overlapping neurobiological mechanisms linking reproductive regulation and mood under an androgenic milieu. - The review highlights that whether similar signaling alterations occur in PCOS patients with mental health disorders remains undetermined and requires further investigation.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42140496%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/af7de7da-df5d-41c6-8de4-8c266af8ccfb/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42140496%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42140496%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Full text links [![Elsevier Science full text link](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-elsevieroa.png) Elsevier Science ](https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0166-4328\(26\)00238-X "See full text options at Elsevier Science") [ Full text links ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/) ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#abstract) * [Similar articles](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#similar) * [ Publication types ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#publication-types) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#mesh-terms) * [ Substances ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#substances) * [Related information](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#related-links) * [ LinkOut - more resources ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#linkout) Title & authors Abstract Similar articles Publication types MeSH terms Substances Related information LinkOut - more resources Behav Brain Res Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Behav+Brain+Res%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Behav+Brain+Res%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/) . 2026 Aug 5:511:116262. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116262. Epub 2026 May 14. # Neurotransmitter and neuromodulator imbalance in kisspeptin/GnRH regulation in rodent models of polycystic ovary syndrome and its implications for mental health disorders: A systematic review [Josiane Barcelos Dutra](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dutra+JB&cauthor_id=42140496)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil."), [Tamires Gregorio](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gregorio+T&cauthor_id=42140496)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil."), [Flaviano Lorenzon](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lorenzon+F&cauthor_id=42140496)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil."), [Carolina de Morais Silveira Peixe](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Peixe+CMS&cauthor_id=42140496)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil."), [Marcelo Picinin Bernuci](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bernuci+MP&cauthor_id=42140496)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Departamento de Fisiologia, ACF Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: marcelo.bernuci@ufpr.br."), [Fernanda Barbosa Lima](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lima+FB&cauthor_id=42140496)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: fernanda.lima@ufsc.br.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. * 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. * 3 Departamento de Fisiologia, ACF Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: marcelo.bernuci@ufpr.br. * 4 Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: fernanda.lima@ufsc.br. * PMID: **42140496** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116262 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116262) Free article Item in Clipboard # Neurotransmitter and neuromodulator imbalance in kisspeptin/GnRH regulation in rodent models of polycystic ovary syndrome and its implications for mental health disorders: A systematic review Josiane Barcelos Dutra et al. Behav Brain Res. 2026. Free article Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Behav Brain Res Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Behav+Brain+Res%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Behav+Brain+Res%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/) . 2026 Aug 5:511:116262. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116262. Epub 2026 May 14. ### Authors [Josiane Barcelos Dutra](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dutra+JB&cauthor_id=42140496)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil."), [Tamires Gregorio](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gregorio+T&cauthor_id=42140496)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil."), [Flaviano Lorenzon](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lorenzon+F&cauthor_id=42140496)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil."), [Carolina de Morais Silveira Peixe](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Peixe+CMS&cauthor_id=42140496)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil."), [Marcelo Picinin Bernuci](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bernuci+MP&cauthor_id=42140496)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Departamento de Fisiologia, ACF Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: marcelo.bernuci@ufpr.br."), [Fernanda Barbosa Lima](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lima+FB&cauthor_id=42140496)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: fernanda.lima@ufsc.br.") ### Affiliations * 1 Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. * 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. * 3 Departamento de Fisiologia, ACF Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: marcelo.bernuci@ufpr.br. * 4 Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: fernanda.lima@ufsc.br. * PMID: **42140496** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116262 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116262) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease associated with hyperandrogenism, which causes infertility and often leads to mental health disorders. Although gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal dysfunction may contribute to PCOS, the pathophysiology of mood disorders associated with the syndrome remains unclear. **Objective:** We raise the question of whether imbalanced neurotransmitters controlling the mood state, such as GABA and monoamines, impact the reproductive neural circuit and may facilitate the emergence of mental health disorders in PCOS. **Methods:** We systematically reviewed gene and protein expressions, and neurotransmitter contents related to GnRH signaling in studies of rats and mice models of PCOS. Searches were conducted through PubMed and Web of Science and 52 research articles were included. **Results:** Our findings showed that the kisspeptinergic and noradrenergic signaling stimulates GnRH neurons in non-PCOS-like rodents. In contrast, serotonergic and GABAergic pathways exert receptor-dependent bidirectional effects, with distinct receptor subtypes mediating either inhibitory or excitatory influences. PCOS-like rodents present dysfunctional signaling to GnRH neurons, which is dependent on the PCOS model applied: i) postnatal androgenization leads to decreased kisspeptinergic, monoaminergic, and GABAergic signaling to GnRH neurons; ii) prenatal androgenization does not change kisspeptinergic signaling but monoaminergic and GABAergic alterations need further investigation in this model; iii) postnatal estrogenization results in reduced kisspeptinergic and GABAergic signaling, but the monoaminergic neurotransmission is increased in this model. **Conclusion:** The reduction in kisspeptinergic, monoaminergic, and GABAergic neurotransmission in postnatally androgenized rats and mice suggests that pathways regulating reproduction and mood may share underlying neurobiological mechanisms under an androgenic milieu. Whether this signaling is similarly altered in PCOS patients with mental health disorders remains to be determined. **Keywords:** Depression; GnRH neurons; Kisspeptin; Monoamines; Neural circuits; Sex steroids. Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Activation of arcuate nucleus GABA neurons promotes luteinizing hormone secretion and reproductive dysfunction: Implications for polycystic ovary syndrome. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31178425/) Silva MSB, Desroziers E, Hessler S, Prescott M, Coyle C, Herbison AE, Campbell RE.Silva MSB, et al.EBioMedicine. 2019 Jun;44:582-596. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.065. Epub 2019 Jun 6.EBioMedicine. 2019.PMID: 31178425Free PMC article. * [ Targeted inhibition of kisspeptin neurons reverses hyperandrogenemia and abnormal hyperactive LH secretion in a preclinical mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38978296/) Coutinho EA, Esparza LA, Rodriguez J, Yang J, Schafer D, Kauffman AS.Coutinho EA, et al.Hum Reprod. 2024 Sep 1;39(9):2089-2103. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deae153.Hum Reprod. 2024.PMID: 38978296Free PMC article. * [ Investigating GABA Neuron-Specific Androgen Receptor Knockout in two Hyperandrogenic Models of PCOS. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38788194/) Sucquart IE, Coyle C, Rodriguez Paris V, Prescott M, Glendining KA, Potapov K, Begg DP, Gilchrist RB, Walters KA, Campbell RE.Sucquart IE, et al.Endocrinology. 2024 May 27;165(7):bqae060. doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqae060.Endocrinology. 2024.PMID: 38788194Free PMC article. * [ Neuroendocrine Determinants of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35270780/) Szeliga A, Rudnicka E, Maciejewska-Jeske M, Kucharski M, Kostrzak A, Hajbos M, Niwczyk O, Smolarczyk R, Meczekalski B.Szeliga A, et al.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 6;19(5):3089. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19053089.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022.PMID: 35270780Free PMC article.Review. * [ Neuroendocrine mechanisms responsible for elevated gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and luteinising hormone pulses in polycystic ovary syndrome. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40251138/) Moore AM.Moore AM.J Neuroendocrinol. 2025 Aug;37(8):e70028. doi: 10.1111/jne.70028. Epub 2025 Apr 18.J Neuroendocrinol. 2025.PMID: 40251138Free PMC article.Review. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42140496) ## Publication types * Systematic Review Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Systematic+Review%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Systematic+Review) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/) ## MeSH terms * Animals Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Animals) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/) * Disease Models, Animal Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22D
## Related Clinical Research

- [Synbiotic Supplementation and Psychobiotic Diet for Depression and Anxiety in Gestational Diabetes](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-open-6-effect-of-synbiotic-supplementation-and-psychobiotic-diet-on-prenatal-and.md)
- [North West London Diabetes Cohort: multiethnic EHR resource for diabetes complications research](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-open-2-large-scale-multiethnic-electronic-health-record-resource-for-diabetes.md)
- [Sex-specific trajectories to cardio-renal and mental health outcomes after type 2 diabetes onset](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-medicine-1-sex-differences-in-trajectories-to-cardio-renal-and-mental-health-outcomes.md)
- [ENDO 2026: Progress and Resilience in Endocrinology and Obesity Care](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/endocrine-news-0-endo-2026-progress-and-resilience.md)
- [Undiagnosed type 2 diabetes presenting as DKA with hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/cmaj-1-undiagnosed-type-2-diabetes-presenting-as-diabetic-ketoacidosis-with.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Endocrinology Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/endocrinology.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.