---
title: "Sweelin® does not raise blood glucose or insulin in healthy adults: randomized crossover trial"
id: "pubmed-42208445"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42208445"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Endocrinology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/"
doi: "10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.149790"
published_at: "2026-08-15T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Sweelin® does not raise blood glucose or insulin in healthy adults: randomized crossover trial
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42208445
- **Specialty:** [Endocrinology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/endocrinology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.149790](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foodchem.2026.149790)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-15T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This double-blind, randomized, crossover trial evaluated a novel hyper-sweet protein, **sweelin®**, versus stevia Reb‑M and dextrose in healthy adults. - Nineteen participants each consumed three beverages (one per visit) matched for perceived sweetness: **sweelin®** (0.051 g), stevia Reb‑M (0.225 g) and dextrose (75 g). - Blood samples were taken at baseline and repeatedly over 120 minutes after consumption to measure **glucose**, **insulin**, and **GLP-1**. - At every post-consumption time point and by incremental area under the curve (iAUC), both **glucose** and **insulin** were significantly lower after **sweelin®** than after dextrose (p < 0.0001). - Glucose and insulin responses to **sweelin®** were not different from those observed with stevia. - **GLP-1** levels did not increase following **sweelin®** consumption; the study reports that **sweelin®** did not increase blood glucose, insulin or GLP-1 in healthy individuals. - The investigational product was well tolerated in this cohort. - Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT06520293. - Conflict of interest: study funded by Amai Proteins Ltd.; several authors are Amai employees; one author served as a consultant; consulting and data analysis were provided by INQUIS Clinical Research. - Overall interpretation reported by the authors: **sweelin®** may be a metabolically neutral sweetener option for reducing sugar intake, but the study population was healthy adults and further research may be needed for other populations.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 May 25. # sweelin®, a novel sweet protein, does not affect blood glucose and insulin levels - a double-blind, crossover, randomized study [Yael Lifshitz](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lifshitz+Y&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Amai Proteins Ltd., Rehovot 7670402, Israel. Electronic address: yael.lifshitz@amaiproteins.com."), [Rotem Saban](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Saban+R&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Amai Proteins Ltd., Rehovot 7670402, Israel."), [Shira Paz](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Paz+S&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Amai Proteins Ltd., Rehovot 7670402, Israel."), [Keren Gorzalczany Paz](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gorzalczany+Paz+K&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Amai Proteins Ltd., Rehovot 7670402, Israel."), [Ilan Samish](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Samish+I&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Amai Proteins Ltd., Rehovot 7670402, Israel."), [Alexandra L Jenkins](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jenkins+AL&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#full-view-affiliation-3 "INQUIS Clinical Research, 20 Victoria St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."), [David Zeltser](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zeltser+D&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Phase 1 Clinical Research Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Gray School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel."), [Roy Eldor](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Eldor+R&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Diabetes Unit, Institute for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Gray School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Amai Proteins Ltd., Rehovot 7670402, Israel. Electronic address: yael.lifshitz@amaiproteins.com. * 2 Amai Proteins Ltd., Rehovot 7670402, Israel. * 3 INQUIS Clinical Research, 20 Victoria St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. * 4 Phase 1 Clinical Research Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Gray School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. * 5 Diabetes Unit, Institute for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Gray School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. * PMID: **42208445** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.149790 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.149790) Free article Item in Clipboard Randomized Controlled Trial # sweelin®, a novel sweet protein, does not affect blood glucose and insulin levels - a double-blind, crossover, randomized study Yael Lifshitz et al. Food Chem. 2026. Free article Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Food Chem Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Food+Chem%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Food+Chem%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/) . 2026 Aug 15:520:149790. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.149790. Epub 2026 May 25. ### Authors [Yael Lifshitz](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lifshitz+Y&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Amai Proteins Ltd., Rehovot 7670402, Israel. Electronic address: yael.lifshitz@amaiproteins.com."), [Rotem Saban](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Saban+R&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Amai Proteins Ltd., Rehovot 7670402, Israel."), [Shira Paz](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Paz+S&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Amai Proteins Ltd., Rehovot 7670402, Israel."), [Keren Gorzalczany Paz](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gorzalczany+Paz+K&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Amai Proteins Ltd., Rehovot 7670402, Israel."), [Ilan Samish](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Samish+I&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Amai Proteins Ltd., Rehovot 7670402, Israel."), [Alexandra L Jenkins](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jenkins+AL&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#short-view-affiliation-3 "INQUIS Clinical Research, 20 Victoria St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."), [David Zeltser](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zeltser+D&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Phase 1 Clinical Research Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Gray School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel."), [Roy Eldor](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Eldor+R&cauthor_id=42208445)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208445/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Diabetes Unit, Institute for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Gray School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.") ### Affiliations * 1 Amai Proteins Ltd., Rehovot 7670402, Israel. Electronic address: yael.lifshitz@amaiproteins.com. * 2 Amai Proteins Ltd., Rehovot 7670402, Israel. * 3 INQUIS Clinical Research, 20 Victoria St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. * 4 Phase 1 Clinical Research Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Gray School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. * 5 Diabetes Unit, Institute for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Gray School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. * PMID: **42208445** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.149790 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.149790) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract A novel hyper-sweet protein, sweelin®, enables sugar reduction without compromising taste. This double-blind, randomized, crossover study evaluated the effect of sweelin® on blood glucose, insulin and GLP-1 levels compared to stevia and dextrose in healthy adults. In this study, subjects consumed sweelin® (0.051 g), stevia Reb-M (0.225 g) or dextrose (75 g) in beverages matched for sweetness levels. Blood samples were collected at baseline and during 120-min post consumption. Each participant (n = 19) consumed each of the three beverages in a randomized order. At every time point after consumption, as well as iAUC, glucose and insulin levels were significantly lower following sweelin® consumption compared to dextrose (p < 0.0001), and not different from stevia. Overall, the findings indicate that sweelin®, is well tolerated and does not increase blood glucose, insulin or GLP-1 levels in healthy individuals, and suggest that sweelin® may serve as a metabolically neutral alternative for individuals seeking to reduce sugar intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (identifier code: [NCT06520293](http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT06520293 "See in ClinicalTrials.gov")). **Keywords:** GLP-1; Glucose; Insulin; Sugar; Sweet protein; Sweetener. Copyright © 2026 Amai Proteins LTD. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Yael Lifshitz, Rotem Saban, Shira Paz, Keren Gorzalczany and Ilan Samish are employees of Amai Proteins Ltd., which funded this research. Roy Eldor served as a scientific consultant to Amai Proteins Ltd. on an ad hoc basis. Alexandra L. Jenkins is an employee of INQUIS Clinical Research, which provided consulting and data analysis for the study. All study personnel, including company employees, remained blinded to the study treatment throughout the conduct and analysis of the trial. ## Similar articles * [ Impact of acute consumption of beverages containing plant-based or alternative sweetener blends on postprandial appetite, food intake, metabolism, and gastro-intestinal symptoms: Results of the SWEET beverages trial. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36849009/) Almiron-Roig E, Navas-Carretero S, Castelnuovo G, Kjølbæk L, Romo-Hualde A, Normand M, Maloney N, Hardman CA, Hodgkins CE, Moshoyiannis H, Finlayson G, Scott C, Raats MM, Harrold JA, Raben A, Halford JCG, Martínez JA.Almiron-Roig E, et al.Appetite. 2023 May 1;184:106515. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106515. Epub 2023 Feb 26.Appetite. 2023.PMID: 36849009Clinical Trial. * [ Comparison of the acute metabolic effect of different infant formulas and human milk in healthy adults: a randomized trial. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33859173/) Shahkhalili Y, Monnard C, Grathwohl D, Sauser J, Beaumont M, Zufferey CA, Macé K.Shahkhalili Y, et al.Nutr Diabetes. 2021 Apr 15;11(1):13. doi: 10.1038/s41387-021-00154-3.Nutr Diabetes. 2021.PMID: 33859173Free PMC article.Clinical Trial. * [ Effects of Oral Xylitol, Sucrose, and Acesulfame Potassium on Total Energy Intake During a Subsequent _ad libitum_ Test Meal: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial in Healthy Humans. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39940340/) Flad E, Altstädt A, Beglinger C, Rehfeld JF, Van Oudenhove L, Wölnerhanssen BK, Meyer-Gerspach AC.Flad E, et al.Nutrients. 2025 Jan 29;17(3):484. doi: 10.3390/nu17030484.Nutrients. 2025.PMID: 39940340Free PMC article.Clinical Trial. * [ Acute and two-week effects of neotame, stevia rebaudioside M and sucrose-sweetened biscuits on postprandial appetite and endocrine response in adults with overweight/obesity-a randomised crossover trial from the SWEET consortium. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38553262/) Gibbons C, Beaulieu K, Almiron-Roig E, Navas-Carretero S, Martínez JA, O'Hara B, O'Connor D, Nazare JA, Le Bail A, Rannou C, Hardman C, Wilton M, Kjølbæk L, Scott C, Moshoyiannis H, Raben A, Harrold JA, Halford JCG, Finlayson G.Gibbons C, et al.EBioMedicine. 2024 Apr;102:105005. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105005. Epub 2024 Mar 28.EBioMedicine. 2024.PMID: 38553262Free PMC article.Clinical Trial. * [ The Effect of Non-Nutritive Sweetened Beverages on Postprandial Glycemic and Endocrine Responses: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36839408/) Zhang R, Noronha JC, Khan TA, McGlynn N, Back S, Grant SM, Kendall CWC, Sievenpiper JL.Zhang R, et al.Nutrients. 2023 Feb 20;15(4):1050. doi: 10.3390/nu15041050.Nutrients. 2023.PMID: 36839408Free PMC article. 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