---
title: "DBL-1/ BMP Smads interact with BLMP-1/PRDM1 to control multiple organismal traits in C. elegans"
id: "biorxiv-5-dbl-1-bmp-signaling-pathway-smads-and-master-transcription-regulator-blmp-1"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-5-dbl-1-bmp-signaling-pathway-smads-and-master-transcription-regulator-blmp-1"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "General"
source_name: "bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)"
source_url: "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.751936v1?rss=1"
published_at: "2026-09-21T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Verified Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# DBL-1/ BMP Smads interact with BLMP-1/PRDM1 to control multiple organismal traits in C. elegans
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-5-dbl-1-bmp-signaling-pathway-smads-and-master-transcription-regulator-blmp-1
- **Specialty:** [General](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/general.md)
- **Primary Source:** bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.751936v1?rss=1)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-21T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Verified Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The study identifies the chromatin regulator **BLMP-1** (homologous to human **PRDM1/BLIMP1**) as a partner of the DBL-1/TGF-β signaling pathway Smads in Caenorhabditis elegans. - Genetic interaction analyses showed that **BLMP-1/PRDM1** and DBL-1 signaling jointly influence multiple organismal traits: body size, male tail development, hermaphrodite gonad development, brood size, lipid levels, movement, and survival. - Effects varied by trait: BLMP-1 and DBL-1 signaling were additive for body size, while **blmp-1** mutants were epistatic to DBL-1 pathway mutants for several other traits, indicating trait-specific regulatory relationships. - DBL-1 signaling was found to transcriptionally regulate **blmp-1** expression, establishing a regulatory link from the TGF-β pathway to the PRDM1-family factor. - A physical interaction between DBL-1 pathway Smads and **BLMP-1/PRDM1** was detected using yeast two-hybrid assays, supporting direct molecular interplay. - Bioinformatic analysis and qPCR showed Smads and BLMP-1 co-regulate common downstream target genes, indicating shared transcriptional control of effectors. - The authors propose a model in which BLMP-1/PRDM1 functions as a chromatin gatekeeper, remodeling chromatin architecture to control Smad access to target loci and thereby modulate larval and adult traits. - The findings reveal a conserved Smad–PRDM regulatory axis linking a TGF-β family signaling pathway and a master transcription regulator, with implications for understanding transcriptional control of developmental and organismal traits.
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Mohammed Farhan Lakdawala 1 Texas Woman's University; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Mohammed%2BFarhan%2BLakdawala%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lakdawala%20MF&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AMohammed%2BFarhan%2BLakdawala%2B) * [ORCID record for Mohammed Farhan Lakdawala](http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2271-2255 "Open in new tab") Bhoomi Madhu 1 Texas Woman's University; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Bhoomi%2BMadhu%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Madhu%20B&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ABhoomi%2BMadhu%2B) * [ORCID record for Bhoomi Madhu](http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8931-5345 "Open in new tab") Sherin Shaji 1 Texas Woman's University; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Sherin%2BShaji%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Shaji%20S&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ASherin%2BShaji%2B) * [ORCID record for Sherin Shaji](http://orcid.org/0009-0006-8360-2518 "Open in new tab") Matt Crook 2 Wofford College * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Matt%2BCrook%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Crook%20M&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AMatt%2BCrook%2B) * [ORCID record for Matt Crook](http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-4033 "Open in new tab") Tina L Gumienny 1 Texas Woman's University; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Tina%2BL%2BGumienny%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gumienny%20TL&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ATina%2BL%2BGumienny%2B) * [ORCID record for Tina L Gumienny](http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3932-7815 "Open in new tab") * For correspondence: tgumienny@twu.edu * [Abstract](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.751936v1)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_art/node:5798934/1) * [Info/History](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.751936v1.article-info)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_info/node:5798934/1) * [Metrics](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.751936v1.article-metrics)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_metrics/node:5798934/1) * [Supplementary material](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.751936v1.supplementary-material)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_data/node:5798934/1) * [ Preview PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.751936v1.full.pdf+html)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_pdf/node:5798934/1) ![Loading](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif) ## Abstract Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) signaling helps orchestrate multiple organismal traits in animals by regulating target gene expression. However, how this pathway′s transcriptional regulators, called Smads, control target gene expression to generate different traits is not well understood. Using the _C. elegans_ system, we identified the master chromatin remodeler B-lymphocyte maturation protein-1 (BLMP-1, a Krüppel-like zinc finger protein homologous to human PRDM1/BLIMP1) as a partner in Smad-mediated gene expression regulation. Previous research showed BLMP-1/PRDM1 controls organismal traits that the _C. elegans_ TGF-β superfamily member DBL-1 also affects. We identified genetic interactions between the DBL-1 pathway and _blmp-1_ for these traits. While BLMP-1/PRDM1 and DBL-1 pathway signaling had an additive effect on body size, blmp-1 mutants were epistatic to DBL-1 pathway mutants for male tail development, hermaphrodite gonad development, brood size, lipid levels, movement, and survival traits. We showed DBL-1 signaling transcriptionally regulates blmp-1 expression. We also identified a physical interaction between the DBL-1 pathway Smads and BLMP-1/PRDM1 using yeast-two hybrid analyses. Using bioinformatics and qPCR analysis, we showed that Smads and BLMP-1/PRDM1 regulate expression of common downstream target genes. Our work identifies novel interactions between the DBL-1 signaling pathway and BLMP-1, two conserved major transcriptional regulators, that ultimately influence a spectrum of organismal traits. We propose a model whereby BLMP-1/PRDM1 regulates DBL-1 signaling by acting as a gatekeeper, remodeling the chromatin architecture to control the access of the Smad complex to target genes. Together, our results reveal a direct link between a TGF-β signaling pathway and a PRDM1-family master transcription regulator and offer clues to how they interact to control larval and adult traits. Our work suggests a conserved mechanism of transcriptional control of developmental traits by the Smad-PRDM axis. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ## Funder Information Declared National Institutes of Health, https://ror.org/01cwqze88, R01GM097591 Texas Woman's University, https://ror.org/04dyzkj40 Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a [CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). bioRxiv and medRxiv thank the following for their generous financial support: > The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the Sergey Brin Family Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, The University of Edinburgh, University of Washington, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. [Donate to openRxiv ](https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/donation-form/donate-to-make-a-difference-10981) [ Back to top](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.751936v1?rss=1#page) [ Previous](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.748866v1 "GPR182 promotes atherosclerosis via facilitating arterial lipid deposition") Posted September 21, 2026. [ Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.751936v1.full.pdf) Print/Save Options [Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.15.751936.full.pdf)Full Text & In-line FiguresXML [More Info](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#PrintOptions "More Information on Print/Save Options") [Supplementary Material ](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.751936v1.supplementary-material) [ Email](https://www.biorxiv.org/ "Email this Article") [ Share](https://www.biorxiv.org/) DBL-1/BMP signaling pathway Smads and master transcription regulator BLMP-1/PRDM1 interact to regulate organismal traits in _Caenorhabditis elegans_ Mohammed Farhan Lakdawala, Bhoomi Madhu, Sherin Shaji, Matt Crook, Tina L Gumienny bioRxiv 2026.09.15.751936; doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751936 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. 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