---
title: "Odd Mechanics in Cell Monolayers: A Minimal Continuum Model Reveals Achiral Odd Viscosity"
id: "biorxiv-22-achiral-odd-mechanics-in-cell-monolayers"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-22-achiral-odd-mechanics-in-cell-monolayers"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "General"
source_name: "bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)"
source_url: "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.25.740723v1?rss=1"
published_at: "2026-07-27T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Verified Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Odd Mechanics in Cell Monolayers: A Minimal Continuum Model Reveals Achiral Odd Viscosity
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-22-achiral-odd-mechanics-in-cell-monolayers
- **Specialty:** [General](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/general.md)
- **Primary Source:** bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.25.740723v1?rss=1)
- **Published At:** 2026-07-27T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Verified Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The authors develop a minimal two-dimensional continuum model of cell monolayers that incorporates **odd mechanics**, a nonequilibrium formulation that departs from equilibrium liquid-crystal assumptions. - The model allows nematic orientational order to support an **odd viscous modulus** that arises from broken time-reversal symmetry and spatial anisotropy, and importantly can exist without chirality. - The framework reproduces experimentally observed behaviors: half-integer topological defect motion, stress profiles measured in Madin–Darby canine kidney (**MDCK**) monolayers, and patterns of cell accumulation and depletion near defects in neural progenitor and ovarian mesothelium tissues. - The authors estimate the viscous-moduli tensor directly from measured stress, velocity, and orientation fields in MDCK monolayers and report a nonzero odd modulus in those data. - The work positions odd mechanics as a minimal, complementary alternative to conventional active-nematic theories for describing nonequilibrium mechanics in cell monolayers. - The study is presented as a preprint (not peer reviewed) and supported by NSF, NIH Common Fund, and the Human Frontier Science Program. - No competing interests were declared by the authors. Details such as full model equations, parameter values, and quantitative magnitudes of estimated moduli are contained in the source preprint and are not reproduced here in full.
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Sreejith Santhosh 1 University of California San Diego; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Sreejith%2BSanthosh%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Santhosh%20S&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ASreejith%2BSanthosh%2B) * [ORCID record for Sreejith Santhosh](http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-6277 "Open in new tab") Mattia Serra 2 UCSD * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Mattia%2BSerra%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Serra%20M&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AMattia%2BSerra%2B) * [ORCID record for Mattia Serra](http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6007-5878 "Open in new tab") * For correspondence: mserra@ucsd.edu * [Abstract](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.25.740723v1)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_art/node:5657618/1) * [Info/History](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.25.740723v1.article-info)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_info/node:5657618/1) * [Metrics](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.25.740723v1.article-metrics)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_metrics/node:5657618/1) * [ Preview PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.07.25.740723v1.full.pdf+html)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_pdf/node:5657618/1) ![Loading](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif) ## Abstract Cell monolayers are active, orientationally ordered materials whose mechanics can depart from near-equilibrium behavior. Existing continuum theories often inherit assumptions from equilibrium liquid-crystal physics, motivating explicit nonequilibrium formulations. Here, we develop a minimal continuum model of two-dimensional monolayers based on odd mechanics, accounting for broken symmetries and nonequilibrium dynamics. We show that nematic order can support an odd viscous modulus generated by broken time-reversal symmetry and spatial anisotropy, without chirality. The model reproduces half-integer defect motion and stress profiles in Madin--Darby canine kidney (MDCK) monolayers, as well as defect-associated cell accumulation and depletion in neural progenitor and ovarian mesothelium systems. Finally, we estimate the viscous-moduli tensor from measured stress, velocity, and orientation fields in MDCK monolayers and identify a nonzero odd modulus. Our results show that odd mechanics provides a minimal framework for nonequilibrium cell monolayers, complementing conventional active-nematic theories. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ## Funder Information Declared U.S. National Science Foundation, https://ror.org/021nxhr62, PHY-2413073, PHY-2443851 NIH Common Fund, https://ror.org/001d55x84, R35GM156889 International Human Frontier Science Program Organization, https://ror.org/02ebx7v45, RGEC31/2024 Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a [CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). bioRxiv and medRxiv thank the following for their generous financial support: > The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the Sergey Brin Family Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, The University of Edinburgh, University of Washington, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. 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