---
title: "Post-occupancy evaluation of former residences of celebrities in Yangzhou using online reviews and"
id: "plos-one-2-post-occupancy-evaluation-of-former-residences-of-celebrities-in-yangzhou-based"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-2-post-occupancy-evaluation-of-former-residences-of-celebrities-in-yangzhou-based"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "General"
source_name: "PLOS ONE (Medicine)"
source_url: "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793"
published_at: "2026-09-03T14:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Post-occupancy evaluation of former residences of celebrities in Yangzhou using online reviews and
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-2-post-occupancy-evaluation-of-former-residences-of-celebrities-in-yangzhou-based
- **Specialty:** [General](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/general.md)
- **Primary Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine)
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-03T14:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This study compares **online review data** and traditional **questionnaire data** to evaluate post‑occupancy performance of nine national‑level former residences of celebrities in Yangzhou. - A sequential mixed‑methods design was used: thematic coding and content analysis of online reviews informed an indicator system that was then measured by offline questionnaires using AHP‑FCE. - Online reviews were manually collected from four major Chinese platforms (Mafengwo, Qunar, Ctrip, Dianping) for the period May 1, 2021 to October 1, 2025; offline questionnaires were collected on site from December 30, 2025 to February 25, 2026. - The study retrieved abundant online data and 1,643 valid questionnaire responses after data cleaning, achieving a 95.3% valid questionnaire rate. - Five major categories of negative evaluations were identified from online review coding; these coding results were used to construct questionnaire indicators. - **Cultural expression**, **interactive experience**, **accessibility**, and **signage facilities** emerged as the weakest shared dimensions across datasets. - Online reviews offered rich situational detail and users’ emotional perceptions, often highlighting specific negative incidents such as complaints about service attitude. - Questionnaire data provided quantified weights and severity measures for problems, sometimes differing from online review frequency (e.g., service attitude complaints were common online but scored well in questionnaires). - The two data types showed partial correspondence: they can complement one another — online reviews for granular situational insight and questionnaires for severity weighting — but also revealed discrepancies reflecting individual extremes versus aggregate perception. - The authors propose an integrated management and diagnosis framework combining both approaches to support targeted optimization of cultural heritage sites, noting limitations of each data source such as incompleteness, algorithm interference, dirty data, sensitivity for online reviews, and cost and sample size constraints for questionnaires.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
[ Skip to main content ](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#main-content) Advertisement * [plos.org](https://plos.org/) * [Create account](https://community.plos.org/registration/new) * [Sign in](https://journals.plos.org/user/secure/login?page=%2Fplosone%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0357793) * * About * Browse * Publish * [](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ "PLOS One") * Search [advanced search](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/search) * [Browse Topics](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/subjectAreaBrowse) Browse Subject Areas ? Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click [here](https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus/blob/master/README.md "Link opens in new window"). [](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793) [](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793) * 0 [Save](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#savedHeader) [Total Mendeley and Citeulike bookmarks.](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#savedHeader) * 0 [Citation](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#citedHeader) [Paper's citation count computed by Dimensions.](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#citedHeader) * 33 [View](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#viewedHeader) [PLOS views and downloads.](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#viewedHeader) * 0 [Share](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#discussedHeader) [Sum of Facebook, Twitter, Reddit and Wikipedia activity.](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#discussedHeader) Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article # Post-occupancy evaluation of former residences of celebrities in Yangzhou based on the comparison of online reviews and questionnaire data * Kexin Wei, Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – original draft Current address: School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China Affiliation School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China [ ![ORCID logo](https://journals.plos.org/resource/img/orcid_16x16.png) https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0210-1683 ](https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0210-1683 "ORCID Registry") ⨯ * Ziyang Wang, Roles Visualization, Writing – review & editing Current address: School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China Affiliation School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China ⨯ * Xinyu Duan, Roles Data curation, Visualization Current address: School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China Affiliation School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China ⨯ * Wei Liu, Roles Investigation Current address: School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China Affiliation School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China ⨯ * Yueling Xiao, Roles Visualization Current address: School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China Affiliation School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China ⨯ * Rong Zhu Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration * E-mail: zhurongseu@foxmail.com Current address: School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China Affiliation School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China [ ![ORCID logo](https://journals.plos.org/resource/img/orcid_16x16.png) https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6607-2263 ](https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6607-2263 "ORCID Registry") ⨯ # Post-occupancy evaluation of former residences of celebrities in Yangzhou based on the comparison of online reviews and questionnaire data * Kexin Wei, * Ziyang Wang, * Xinyu Duan, * Wei Liu, * Yueling Xiao, * Rong Zhu ![PLOS](https://journals.plos.org/resource/img/logo-plos-full-color.svg) x * Published: September 3, 2026 * * [Article](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793) * [Authors](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/authors?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793) * [Metrics](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793) * [Comments](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/comments?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793) * [Media Coverage](http://plos.altmetric.com/details/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0357793) * [Abstract](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#abstract0) * [Introduction](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#sec001) * [Methodology](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#sec002) * [Discussion](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#sec019) * [Conclusions](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#sec024) * [Supporting information](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#sec025) * [References](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#references) * [Reader Comments](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/comments?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793) * [Figures](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793) ## Abstract Online review data and traditional questionnaire data are common data sources in the current field of cultural heritage research. The former features a large data volume yet suffers from obvious limitations such as incompleteness, algorithm interference, dirty data and sensitivity; the latter enjoys a high degree of quantification but is constrained by high costs and limited sample size. To explore the complementary mechanism of the two types of data, this study selects 9 national-level former residences of celebrities in Yangzhou as cases and adopts a sequential mixed-methods design. First, content analysis and thematic coding are conducted on online reviews to identify 5 major categories of negative evaluations, based on the coding results, an indicator system is constructed, and offline questionnaire data are collected for AHP-FCE quantitative analysis. The results show that the two types of data exhibit partial correspondence in diagnosing core shortcomings, which, to a certain extent, reflects the inherent logic of the sequential design in which the questionnaire indicators were derived from the online review coding. Cultural expression, interactive experience, accessibility, and signage facilities are jointly identified as the weakest dimensions. Online data provide detailed descriptions and situational characteristics, while questionnaire data reflect the weight and severity of existing problems. Meanwhile, discrepancies exist between the two datasets. Complaints about service attitude appear frequently in online reviews, while this item scores well in questionnaires, reflecting the difference between extreme individual cases and overall public perception. Overall, online review data can truly and centrally reflect systematic defects, possessing unique advantages in capturing specific details and users’ real emotional perceptions. Questionnaire survey data can reflect the severity of problems with strong pertinence through weight analysis. The integrated management and diagnosis framework combining the two approaches provides timely and insightful decision-making support for the targeted optimization of cultural heritage sites, in which the granularity differences between the two data types offer a unique perspective for understanding tourist experiences. ## Figures ![Table 4](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793.t004) ![Table 5](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793.t005) ![Fig 1](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793.g001) ![Table 1](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793.t001) ![Fig 2](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793.g002) ![Table 2](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793.t002) ![Fig 3](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793.g003) ![Table 3](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793.t003) ![Table 4](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793.t004) ![Table 5](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793.t005) ![Fig 1](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793.g001) ![Table 1](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793.t001) ![Fig 2](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793.g002) **Citation:** Wei K, Wang Z, Duan X, Liu W, Xiao Y, Zhu R (2026) Post-occupancy evaluation of former residences of celebrities in Yangzhou based on the comparison of online reviews and questionnaire data. PLoS One 21(9): e0357793. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0357793 **Editor:** Yile Chen, Macau University of Science and Technology, MACAO **Received:** March 26, 2026; **Accepted:** August 22, 2026; **Published:** September 3, 2026 **Copyright:** © 2026 Wei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the [Creative Commons Attribution License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. **Data Availability:** There are ethical restrictions on sharing the complete minimal data for this study, because the data contain demographic information of participants, including age, gender, education level, etc. Although no direct identifiers are present, combinations of demographic variables in a relatively small sample could potentially lead to indirect identification. Data are available upon request from the Medical Ethics Committee of Jiangnan University via email (zhouyizhou@jiangnan.edu.cn) or telephone (+86 0510-85328296) with reference to the study approval number (JNU202509RB046) for researchers who meet the criteria for access to confidential data. All aggregated data necessary for replication are within the paper and its [Supporting Information](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#sec025) files. **Funding:** The manuscript was supported by the China Academic Degrees and Graduate Education Development Center (CDGDC) (ZT-2510295004). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. **Competing interests:** The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. ## Introduction Former residences of celebrities are places where socially influential historical figures once lived, in which physical forms and cultural significance of their lives, work, and social interactions are preserved [[1](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref001)]. These residences form part of social cultural memory [[2](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref002)]. With social changes, former residences of celebrities have gradually shifted from commemorative sites to complexes bearing functions such as cultural dissemination, educational display, and tourism development, have become important cultural tourism destinations [[3](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref003)], and promoted urban cultural tourism construction and regional economic development [[4](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref004)]. Maintaining the holistic environment and architectural form of former residences of celebrities, utilizing digital technology to provide virtual experiences, and recreating cultural memory to stimulate intellectual and emotional resonance of tourists are considered key focuses of utilisation of cultural heritage [[5](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref005),[6](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref006)]. The preservation of physical form and cultural significance helps improve tourism development level of former residences of celebrities [[7](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref007)], but the deep social connections between them as cultural transmission carriers and the public have not been fully considered. Utilisation of cultural heritage is a process of weighing historical culture against real-world development [[8](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref008)]. Regardless of the development purpose, “use” is the essence. Public experience is one of the metrics for judging development outcomes [[9](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref009)], and provides possible references for utilisation of cultural heritage [[10](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref010)].Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) refers to the process of systematically assessing built environments that have been put into use, with a focus on user satisfaction, functionality, as well as users’ physical and mental health [[11](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref011)]. In the context of cultural heritage tourism, POE provides a structured framework for assessing the extent to which heritage sites can meet tourists’ needs and expectations beyond physical conservation [[12](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref012)]. As representatives of local cultural heritage, former residences of celebrities are not static spaces, but cultures continuously shaped by public participation [[13](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref013)]. However, public usage feedback and actual needs regarding former residences of celebrities have not been sufficiently studied. Traditionally, research on public feedback regarding cultural heritage site s relied on field surveys [[14](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref014),[15](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref015)]. For example, Likert scales are widely used in public interviews and questionnaire surveys to measure public satisfaction with tourist destination development [[16](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref016)]. With the popularity of online travel platforms, the public has become accustomed to sharing comments and exchanging views online after visiting to cultural heritage sites [[17](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref017)]. These forms of subjective perception of cultural heritage sites include various elements such as images, text, and videos, which reflect the tourism experience, satisfaction, and behavioral tendencies of the public [[18](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref018)]. They are characterized by fast updates, high shareability, and good accessibility [[19](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref019)], thus becoming an important reference for public travel decisions [[20](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref020)] and providing richer data samples for researchers [[21](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref021),[22](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref022)]. Text analysis was the first method used for analyzing review data on travel websites [[23](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref023)]. This method was implemented with the help of tools such as Python and ROST CM6.0, which can extract high-frequency words from the text information of online reviews, conduct word frequency statistics, and analyze high-frequency word co-occurrence networks, thereby quickly locating public focus points and revealing the internal connections between evaluation elements [[24](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref024)]. Liu and Guo compared high-frequency words of text information from online travel platforms to reveal changes in the image perception of ice and snow tourism destinations in China following the Beijing Winter Olympics [[25](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref025)]. Subsequently, sentiment analysis based on the emotional intensity of text output emerged. Based on sentiment dictionaries, the emotional preference of reviews was calculated to reveal implied positive or negative emotions, thereby quantifying public satisfaction [[26](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref026)]. Guerrero-Rodriguez et al. analyzed online travel reviews to determine the emotional perception of cultural destinations in Mexico [[27](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref027)]. Structured quantitative analysis through content coding and category induction can further determine the composition of specific emotional tendencies, thus deconstructing the categories of emotional attribution. The Grounded Theory can conceptualize text, deeply analyze the structural relationships between various emotional evaluation elements, and extract elements that represent emotional evaluations of tourists on attractions, and enables construction of a three-level bottom-up coding process to derive core comment categories, thus forming a theoretical framework explaining the emotional characteristics in tourist reviews [[28](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref028),[29](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref029)]. For example, Jianqiang Yin coded online review data of Macau tourist destinations based on the Grounded Theory to extract the perception of tourists for Macau image and the potential influencing mechanisms of positive and negative emotions [[30](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref030)]. With the development of AI technology, it is possible to process large-scale datasets and rapidly analyze text information. Some research has begun to employ machine learning models [[31](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref031)] and deep learning models [[32](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357793#pone.0357793.ref032)] for thematic clustering analysis of language models quantitatively and structurally, to identify t
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