---
title: "vNOTES versus Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy: Prospective Quasi-Randomized Pilot Study"
id: "pubmed-42664117"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42664117"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "General"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/"
doi: "10.7417/CT.20262097"
published_at: "2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# vNOTES versus Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy: Prospective Quasi-Randomized Pilot Study
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42664117
- **Specialty:** [General](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/general.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/)
- **DOI:** [10.7417/CT.20262097](https://doi.org/10.7417%2FCT.20262097)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Background: Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is the established minimally invasive standard for benign ovarian cysts. Vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (**vNOTES**) is an emerging scarless alternative that may reduce postoperative discomfort. - Objective: The study aimed to compare **postoperative pain**, patient satisfaction, and operative outcomes between vNOTES and conventional **laparoscopy** for ovarian cystectomy. - Design and setting: Prospective quasi-randomized pilot clinical trial conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity hospitals, Minimal Access surgery unit. - Participants: 20 premenopausal women with benign ovarian cyst pathology were enrolled and equally allocated to vNOTES (n = 10) or conventional laparoscopy (n = 10). - Feasibility and conversions: vNOTES was successfully completed in 80% of attempted cases; one vNOTES case converted due to adhesions. Laparoscopic completion rate was 90%. - Operative time: Mean operative time was shorter in the vNOTES group (85.6 ± 38.4 minutes) versus laparoscopy (103.7 ± 31.6 minutes); this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.26). - Pain outcomes: Reported visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores at 6 hours and 24 hours were lower in the vNOTES group (VAS 6.0 and 3.0) compared with laparoscopy (VAS 6.7 and 3.7). - Patient-reported outcomes: Patient satisfaction was significantly higher with vNOTES compared with conventional laparoscopy. - Safety and conclusions: Authors report vNOTES ovarian cystectomy as a safe and feasible technique associated with reduced early postoperative pain and improved patient satisfaction. They recommend further evaluation in larger trials. - Study type and indexing: Classified as a clinical trial, comparative study, and randomized controlled trial (per PubMed indexing); PMID 42664117, DOI 10.7417/CT.20262097.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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A prospective quasi-randomized pilot study [Ahmed Hesham Abdel Hakim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Abdel+Hakim+AH&cauthor_id=42664117)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."), [Gasser Mohamed El Bishry](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=El+Bishry+GM&cauthor_id=42664117)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."), [Omar Gamal Farag Mustafa](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mustafa+OGF&cauthor_id=42664117)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."), [Ahmed Mohamed Essam](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Essam+AM&cauthor_id=42664117)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."), [Ahmed Mohamed Abass](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Abass+AM&cauthor_id=42664117)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."), [Osama Ismail Kamel](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kamel+OI&cauthor_id=42664117)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliation * 1 Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. * PMID: **42664117** * DOI: [ 10.7417/CT.20262097 ](https://doi.org/10.7417/ct.20262097) Free article Item in Clipboard Clinical Trial # Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy versus Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy. A prospective quasi-randomized pilot study Ahmed Hesham Abdel Hakim et al. Clin Ter. 2026 Sep-Oct. Free article Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Clin Ter Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Clin+Ter%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Clin+Ter%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/) . 2026 Sep-Oct;177(5):1001-1008. doi: 10.7417/CT.20262097. ### Authors [Ahmed Hesham Abdel Hakim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Abdel+Hakim+AH&cauthor_id=42664117)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."), [Gasser Mohamed El Bishry](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=El+Bishry+GM&cauthor_id=42664117)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."), [Omar Gamal Farag Mustafa](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mustafa+OGF&cauthor_id=42664117)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."), [Ahmed Mohamed Essam](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Essam+AM&cauthor_id=42664117)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."), [Ahmed Mohamed Abass](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Abass+AM&cauthor_id=42664117)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."), [Osama Ismail Kamel](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kamel+OI&cauthor_id=42664117)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664117/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.") ### Affiliation * 1 Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. * PMID: **42664117** * DOI: [ 10.7417/CT.20262097 ](https://doi.org/10.7417/ct.20262097) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** Minimally invasive approaches have revolutionized the management of benign ovarian cysts, with laparoscopy long regarded as the gold standard. Vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) is an emerging alternative offering the potential for scarless access and reduced postoperative discomfort. However, comparative data on pain outcomes between vNOTES and conventional laparoscopy for ovarian cystectomy remain lacking in the literature. **Objective:** To evaluate and compare postoperative pain scores, patient satisfaction, and surgical outcomes between vNOTES and conventional laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. **Methods:** This prospective quasi-randomized pilot study included 20 premenopausal women undergoing ovarian cystectomy for benign pathology at a tertiary care center at Ain Shams University Maternity hospitals, Minimal Access surgery unit. Patients were equally divided into two groups: vNOTES (n = 10) and conventional laparoscopy (n = 10). **Results:** vNOTES was successfully completed in 80% of cases, with one conversion due to adhesions; laparoscopic completion rate was 90%. Operative time was shorter in the vNOTES group (85.6 ± 38.4 min) versus the laparoscopy group (103.7 ± 31.6 min), though not statistically significant (p = 0.26). Pain scores at 6 and 24 hours were lower in the vNOTES group (VAS: 6.0 and 3.0) compared to laparoscopy (VAS: 6.7 and 3.7), and patient satisfaction was significantly higher with vNOTES. **Conclusions:** vNOTES ovarian cystectomy is a safe, feasible technique associated with reduced early postoperative pain and improved patient satisfaction compared to conventional laparoscopy. These findings support the potential of vNOTES as a patient-centered surgical alternative and warrant further investigation in larger trials. **Keywords:** gynecologic surgery; laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy; minimally invasive surgery; pilot study; postoperative pain; vNOTES. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: a new approach to ovarian cystectomy. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29246560/) Baekelandt J.Baekelandt J.Fertil Steril. 2018 Feb;109(2):366. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.10.037. Epub 2017 Dec 13.Fertil Steril. 2018.PMID: 29246560 * [ Vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery versus conventional multiport laparoscopy for hemorrhagic ovarian cyst rupture with hemoperitoneum: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42595988/) Biton E, Gungorduk K, Uyar BS, Ustuntas S, Karaoz F, Gulseren V.Biton E, et al.BMC Womens Health. 2026 Jul 29;26(1):399. doi: 10.1186/s12905-026-04743-1.BMC Womens Health. 2026.PMID: 42595988Free PMC article. * [ Clinical efficacy and safety of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for benign adnexal disease: a prospective trial. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38969995/) Yan J, Zhou D, Zhang S, Zhang B, Tuo X, Meng Q, Lv Q.Yan J, et al.BMC Womens Health. 2024 Jul 5;24(1):390. doi: 10.1186/s12905-024-03226-5.BMC Womens Health. 2024.PMID: 38969995Free PMC article.Clinical Trial. * [ Hysterectomy Using Vaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery Compared with Classic Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A New Advantageous Approach? A Systematic Review on Surgical Outcomes. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37231836/) Chaccour C, Giannini A, Golia D'Augè T, Ayed A, Allahqoli L, Alkatout I, Laganà AS, Chiantera V, D'Oria O, Sleiman Z.Chaccour C, et al.Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2023;88(4):187-196. doi: 10.1159/000530797. Epub 2023 May 3.Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2023.PMID: 37231836 * [ Vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery versus laparoscopic salpingectomy in the surgical management of tubal ectopic pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41962843/) Karadeniz O, Kar E, Soltani M, Hussein Z, Yassa M, Kaya C.Karadeniz O, et al.J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2026 Sep;55(7):103178. doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2026.103178. 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