---
title: "Weaning immunocompetence markers predict long-term vaccine antibody outcomes in pigs"
id: "biorxiv-5-identifying-the-immunocompetence-markers-at-weaning-to-predict-long-term"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-5-identifying-the-immunocompetence-markers-at-weaning-to-predict-long-term"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "General"
source_name: "bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)"
source_url: "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758754v1?rss=1"
published_at: "2026-10-19T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Verified Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Weaning immunocompetence markers predict long-term vaccine antibody outcomes in pigs
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-5-identifying-the-immunocompetence-markers-at-weaning-to-predict-long-term
- **Specialty:** [General](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/general.md)
- **Primary Source:** bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758754v1?rss=1)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-19T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Verified Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Investigators vaccinated 381 Large White pigs at weaning to evaluate whether traits measured at 28 days could predict long-term antibody (Ab) outcomes after two different vaccines. - Vaccines tested were against **Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae** (MH; n=189) and **Influenza A virus** (IAV; n=192); animals received a booster 21 days post-vaccination. - Long-term Ab status was defined at 118 days post-vaccination (dpv) using assay-specific thresholds; Ab persistence measured decline from peak (28 or 35 dpv) to 118 dpv. - A broad panel of immune and physiological markers at weaning—hematology, serum proteins, vitamin D, immunoglobulins, and spectral absorbance traits—were evaluated as candidate predictors. - The study used sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) for variable selection, followed by PLS-DA classification; cross-validated accuracies were moderate (64.7%–67.7%). - Eight predictors were shared across vaccines for long-term Ab status; twelve predictors were shared for Ab persistence. - **Hematocrit**, **IgG**, platelet count, and plateletcrit (PCT) associated with positive long-term Ab status for both vaccines. - Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and neutrophil percentage associated with negative long-term Ab status across vaccines. - For persistence, higher vitamin D, α-1 globulin, platelet count and PCT associated with persistent responses; MCHC and spectral absorbance traits associated with non-persistence. - The authors reported that early-life immune and physiological traits measured at weaning relate to later vaccine responsiveness; the preprint notes moderate predictive power and that findings derive from these two vaccine contexts.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
[Skip to main content](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758754v1?rss=1#main-content) [![bioRxiv](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/biorxiv_article_logo.jpg)](https://www.biorxiv.org/) * [Home](https://www.biorxiv.org/) * [Submit](https://www.biorxiv.org/submit-a-manuscript) * [FAQ](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ) * [Blog](https://connect.biorxiv.org/news/) * [ALERTS / RSS](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/alertsrss) * [Resources](https://connect.biorxiv.org/resources/) * [About](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/about-biorxiv) * [Channels](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758754v1?rss=1) * [4D Nucleome](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/66) * [Academia Sinica](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/38) * [Advances in Genome Biology and Technology (AGBT) General Meeting 2016 #AGBT16](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/10) * [Albert Einstein College of Medicine](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/4) * [Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/195) * [Allen Institute for Cell Science](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/71) * [Arc Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/224) * [Babraham Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/197) * [BICCN/BICAN](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/208) * [BioImaging North America](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/194) * [Biology of Genomes 2016 #BOG16](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/19) * [Breakthrough Discoveries for Thriving with Bipolar Disorder](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/236) * [Brown University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/9) * [California Institute of Technology](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/32) * [Carnegie Mellon University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/19) * [Case Western Reserve University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/36) * [Central Oxford Structural Microscopy and Imaging](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/143) * [Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/190) * [Chan Zuckerberg Biohub](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/121) * [Columbia University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/27) * [Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/184) * [DREAM](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/153) * [Drug Development and Clinical Therapeutics](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/52) * [ENCODE](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/177) * [Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/211) * [European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/159) * [Francis Crick Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/88) * [Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/28) * [Georgia Institute of Technology](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/20) * [Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/151) * [The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/227) * [Human Cell Atlas](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/163) * [Human Pangenome Reference Consortium (HPRC)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/215) * [IMO Workshop](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/8) * [Impact of Genomic Variation on Function (IGVF)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/214) * [Institut Pasteur](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/235/channel) * [Institute of Science and Technology Austria](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/12) * [International Human Epigenome Consortium (IHEC)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/219) * [International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/185) * [Iowa State University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/6) * [Johns Hopkins University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/47) * [Mathematical Oncology](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/1) * [Micron Oxford](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/116) * [Michigan State University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/7) * [Morgridge Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/57) * [National Taiwan University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/39) * [NCI Cancer Systems Biology Consortium](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/210) * [NF Open Science Initiative](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/213) * [NCI Human Tumor Atlas Network](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/171) * [Neuromatch Conference](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/209) * [NeurotechEU](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/189) * [North Carolina State University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/37) * [Northeastern University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/54) * [Oregon Health & Sciences University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/22) * [RNA Therapeutics Institute at UMass Chan Med School](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/243) * [Rosetta Commons](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/191) * [Rutgers University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/31) * [SeroNet](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/192) * [Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/74) * [Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution #SMBE2016](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/29) * [Somatic Cell Genome Editing Program](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/167) * [Somatic Mosaicism across the Human Tissues Network](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/222) * [SPARC](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/187) * [Stowers Institute for Medical Research](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/3) * [Stockholm University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/14) * [Tel Aviv University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/8) * [The Michael J. Fox Foundation](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/207) * [The Rockefeller University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/2) * [The Sainsbury Laboratory](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/98) * [The Whitehead Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/212) * [University of Connecticut Health Center](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/16) * [University of California, Berkeley](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/13) * [University of California, San Diego](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/41) * [University of California, San Francisco](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/10) * [University of Chicago](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/42) * [University of Geneva](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/26) * [University of Guelph](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/23) * [University of Hong Kong](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/29) * [University of Illinois Chicago](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/43) * [University of Iowa](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/24) * [University of Kansas](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/33) * [University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/44) * [University of New South Wales](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/25) * [University of Ottawa](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/35) * [University of Sydney](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/50) * [Vanderbilt University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/30) * [Vienna BioCenter](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/186) * [Washington University in St. Louis](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/11) * [Weizmann Institute of Science](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/15) * [Yale University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/53) Search for this keyword [Advanced Search](https://www.biorxiv.org/search) New Results Follow this preprint # Identifying the immunocompetence markers at weaning to predict long-term vaccine response and persistence in pigs Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj, Marie Courbariaux, Catherine Denis, Gaëtan Lemonnier, Jordi ESTELLÉ, Marie-Hélène Pinard-van der Laan, Claire Rogel-Gaillard, Fany Blanc doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.13.758754 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Abdullah%2BAl%2BMomen%2BSabuj%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sabuj%20AA&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AAbdullah%2BAl%2BMomen%2BSabuj%2B) * For correspondence: abdullah-al-momen.sabuj@inrae.fr Marie Courbariaux Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Marie%2BCourbariaux%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Courbariaux%20M&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AMarie%2BCourbariaux%2B) Catherine Denis Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Catherine%2BDenis%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Denis%20C&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ACatherine%2BDenis%2B) Gaëtan Lemonnier Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Ga%C3%ABtan%2BLemonnier%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lemonnier%20G&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AGa%25C3%25ABtan%2BLemonnier%2B) Jordi ESTELLÉ Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Jordi%2BESTELL%C3%89%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=ESTELL%C3%89%20J&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AJordi%2BESTELL%25C3%2589%2B) Marie-Hélène Pinard-van der Laan Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Marie-H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne%2BPinard-van%2Bder%2BLaan%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Pinard-van%20der%20Laan%20M&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AMarie-H%25C3%25A9l%25C3%25A8ne%2BPinard-van%2Bder%2BLaan%2B) Claire Rogel-Gaillard Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Claire%2BRogel-Gaillard%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Rogel-Gaillard%20C&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AClaire%2BRogel-Gaillard%2B) Fany Blanc Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Fany%2BBlanc%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Blanc%20F&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AFany%2BBlanc%2B) * [Abstract](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758754v1)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_art/node:5882822/1) * [Info/History](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758754v1.article-info)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_info/node:5882822/1) * [Metrics](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758754v1.article-metrics)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_metrics/node:5882822/1) * [ Preview PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758754v1.full.pdf+html)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_pdf/node:5882822/1) ![Loading](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif) ## Abstract Vaccination is a key strategy for controlling infectious disease in pigs, but the magnitude and persistence of vaccine-induced immunity vary among individuals. We investigated whether immune and physiological traits measured at weaning could predict long-term antibody (Ab) status and Ab persistence following vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH) and Influenza A virus (IAV), and whether predictive markers were shared between vaccines. Two vaccination trials were conducted in a cohort of 381 Large White pigs (MH, n=189; IAV, n=192). Animals were vaccinated at weaning (28 days of age) and received a booster 21 days later. Long-term Ab status was defined at 118 days post-vaccination (dpv) using assay-specific thresholds, while Ab persistence was defined as the decline from the individual peak response at 28 or 35 dpv to 118 dpv. A broad panel of immune and physiological traits measured at weaning was evaluated as candidate predictors. Sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) was used for variable selection, followed by PLS-DA classification models. Cross-validated accuracies ranged from 64.7% to 67.7%, indicating moderate predictive performance. Across vaccines, eight predictors were shared for long-term Ab status and twelve for Ab persistence. Hematocrit, IgG, platelet count, and plateletcrit (PCT) were associated with positive long-term Ab status for both vaccines, whereas mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and neutrophil percentage were associated with negative status. For persistence, higher vitamin D, α-1 globulin concentration, platelet count, and PCT were consistently associated with persistent responses across vaccines, while MCHC and spectral absorbance traits were associated with non-persistence. These findings indicate that early-life immune and physiological traits measured at weaning are associated with immunocompetence traits that contribute to variation in subsequent long-term vaccine antibody outcomes and responsiveness. The identification of both shared and vaccine- or phenotype-specific predictors suggests that vaccine responsiveness reflects both general features of baseline immunocompetence and context-specific determinants. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. bioRxiv and medRxiv thank the following for their generous financial support: > The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the Sergey Brin Family Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, The University of Edinburgh, University of Washington, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. [Donate to openRxiv ](https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/donation-form/donate-to-make-a-difference-10981) [ Back to top](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758754v1?rss=1#page) [ Previous](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.05.692529v2 "Capturing α-synuclein polymorphism with AlphaFold 3 and rivals")[Next ](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.20.599962v3 "Slow and steady: universal learnable structure in animal vocalizations") Posted October 19, 2026. [ Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758754v1.full.pdf) Print/Save Options [Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/19/2026.10.13.758754.full.pdf)Full Text & In-line FiguresXML [More Info](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#PrintOptions "More Information on Print/Save Options") [ Email](https://www.biorxiv.org/ "Email this Article") [ Share](https://www.biorxiv.org/) Identifying the immunocompetence markers at weaning to predict long-term vaccine response and persistence in pigs Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj, Marie Courbariaux, Catherine Denis, Gaëtan Lemonnier, Jordi ESTELLÉ, Marie-Hélène Pinard-van der Laan, Claire Rogel-Gaillard, Fany Blanc bioRxiv 2026.10.13.758754; doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.13.758754 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. Share This Article: Copy [![Twitter logo](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/twitter.png)](https://www.biorxiv.org/highwire_log/share/twitter?link=http%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fshare%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.64898%2F2026.10.13.758754v1%26text%3DIdentifying%2520the%2520immunocompetence%2520markers%2520at%2520weaning%2520to%2520predict%2520long-term%2520vaccine%2520response%2520and%2520persistence%2520in%2520pigs "Share this on Twitter") [![Facebook logo](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/fb-blue.png)](https://www.biorxiv.org/highwire_log/share/facebook?link=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fsharer.php%3Fu%3Dhttps%253A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.64898%2F2026.10.13.758754v1%26t%3DIdentifying%2520the%2520immunocompetence%2520markers%2520at%2520weaning%2520to%2520predict%2520long-term%2520vaccine%2520response%2520and%2520persistence%2520in%2520pigs "Share on Facebook") [![LinkedIn logo](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/linkedin-32px.png)](https://www.biorxiv.org/highwire_log/share/linkedin?link=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2FshareArticle%3Fmini%3Dtrue%26url%3Dhttps%253A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.64898%2F2026.10.13.758754v1%26title%3DIdentifying%2520the%2520immunocompetence%2520markers%2520at%2520weaning%2520to%2520predict%2520long-term%2520vaccine%2520response%2520and%2520persistence%2520in%2520pigs%26summary%3D%26source%3Dbio
## Related Clinical Research

- [CohortFM: Reconstructing Continuous Molecular Trajectories from Sparse Longitudinal Samples](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-4-from-sparse-visits-to-continuous-molecular-trajectories-with-flow-matching.md)
- [HapSolo2: GPU-accelerated ortholog-guided removal of secondary haplotigs from diploid assemblies](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-2-hapsolo2-gpu-accelerated-optimization-for-removing-secondary-haplotigs-from.md)
- [FDA approves Moderna’s mRNA flu vaccine mFLUSIVA for adults 50+: what clinicians should know](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-0-moderna-s-mrna-flu-vaccine-approved-by-fda-when-is-it-available.md)
- [MMR vaccines: separating measles, mumps, rubella shots — myths and facts](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-0-should-the-measles-mumps-rubella-vaccines-be-separate-myths-vs-facts.md)
- [Pharmacokinetic variability of baloxavir marboxil among 14 rare avian species](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-16-pharmacokinetic-diversity-of-baloxavir-marboxil-across-rare-avian-species.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to General Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/general.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.