---
title: "Yoga vs Combined Exercise for Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: RCT Showing Superior Pain and Psych"
id: "pubmed-42661382"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42661382"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "General"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661382/"
doi: "10.1002/msc.70261"
published_at: "2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Yoga vs Combined Exercise for Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: RCT Showing Superior Pain and Psych
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42661382
- **Specialty:** [General](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/general.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661382/)
- **DOI:** [10.1002/msc.70261](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fmsc.70261)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This single-blind randomized controlled trial compared an 8-week supervised **yoga** programme, an 8-week supervised **combined exercise** programme, and usual care in 74 females with **rheumatoid arthritis** (RA) in clinical remission. - Participants were randomized to yoga (n = 25), combined exercise (n = 25), or control (n = 24). Assessments occurred at baseline, 8 weeks (post-intervention), and 20 weeks (follow-up). - Outcomes measured included pain (Visual Analogue Scale), balance (Berg Balance Scale), mobility (Timed Up and Go), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), and health-related quality of life (Short Form-36). - Both active intervention groups showed statistically significant improvements across all outcome measures compared with the control group at post-treatment and at 20-week follow-up (p < 0.05). - The **yoga** group achieved greater benefit than the combined exercise group at 20 weeks, including a larger reduction in pain (median reduction 4.00 vs 2.00 points; p < 0.001, η2 = 0.724) and superior improvements in physical function, balance, fatigue, depression, and quality of life. - The investigators attribute some of yoga’s additional benefits to its breathing and relaxation components, which may address psychosocial burden even in patients who have achieved clinical remission. - The trial was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT07072754). Authors declared no conflicts of interest. - Full text and figures are available via PMC (PMCID: PMC13522644). Trial DOI: 10.1002/msc.70261. Details such as specific exercise protocols, adherence rates, and adverse events were not reported in the abstract and should be checked in the full text for implementation planning.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bakircay University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey. * 2 Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Izmir Kâtip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey. * 3 Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep, Turkey. * 4 Izmir Kâtip Celebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. * 5 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Izmir Kâtip Celebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. * PMID: **42661382** * PMCID: [ PMC13522644 ](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13522644/) * DOI: [ 10.1002/msc.70261 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.70261) Item in Clipboard Randomized Controlled Trial # Effectiveness of Yoga and Combined Exercise in Female With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Randomized Controlled Trial Elif Umay Altaş et al. Musculoskeletal Care. 2026 Sep. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Musculoskeletal Care Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Musculoskeletal+Care%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Musculoskeletal+Care%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661382/) . 2026 Sep;24(3):e70261. doi: 10.1002/msc.70261. ### Authors [Elif Umay Altaş](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Umay+Alta%C5%9F+E&cauthor_id=42661382)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661382/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bakircay University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey."), [Sevtap Günay Uçurum](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=G%C3%BCnay+U%C3%A7urum+S&cauthor_id=42661382)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661382/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Izmir Kâtip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey."), [Karya Polat](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Polat+K&cauthor_id=42661382)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661382/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep, Turkey."), [Özlem Bolel](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bolel+%C3%96&cauthor_id=42661382)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661382/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Izmir Kâtip Celebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey."), [Serpil Bal](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bal+S&cauthor_id=42661382)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661382/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Izmir Kâtip Celebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bakircay University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey. * 2 Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Izmir Kâtip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey. * 3 Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep, Turkey. * 4 Izmir Kâtip Celebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. * 5 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Izmir Kâtip Celebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. * PMID: **42661382** * PMCID: [ PMC13522644 ](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13522644/) * DOI: [ 10.1002/msc.70261 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.70261) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** Although exercise is beneficial for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), the comparative efficacy of different modalities for patients in clinical remission remains unclear. This study compared the short- and long-term effects of yoga versus a combined exercise programme on pain, balance, mobility, fatigue, depression, and quality of life in females with RA in remission. **Methods:** In this single-blind, randomized controlled trial, 74 female participants were allocated to yoga (n = 25), combined exercise (n = 25), or a usual care control group (n = 24). The intervention groups underwent an 8-week supervised programme. Clinical assessments, including the Visual Analogue Scale (pain), Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Short Form-36, were conducted at baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), and follow-up (20 weeks). **Results:** Both intervention groups demonstrated significant improvements in all outcome measures compared with the control group at post-treatment and follow-up (p < 0.05). Notably, the yoga group exhibited superior outcomes compared to the combined exercise group in reducing pain intensity (median reduction of 4.00 vs. 2.00 points; p < 0.001, η2 = 0.724), as well as in physical function, balance, fatigue, depression, and quality of life at the 20-week follow-up. These benefits may be partly attributed to the incorporation of breathing and relaxation techniques inherent to yoga practice. **Conclusions:** Both 8-week yoga and combined exercise programs are effective in managing residual symptoms in females with RA in clinical remission. However, yoga appears to provide superior benefits in pain management and psychosocial well-being, supporting its integration into multidisciplinary RA management protocols, particularly for addressing psychosocial burden in patients achieving remission. **Trial registration:** This study was retrospectively registered at [NCT07072754](http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT07072754 "See in ClinicalTrials.gov") (clinicaltrials.gov). **Keywords:** exercise; pain; physical functional performance; rheumatoid arthritis; yoga. © 2026 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial intelligence technologies or similar technologies. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The authors have nothing to report. ## Figures [ ![FIGURE 1](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/97c6/13522644/a11744085269/MSC-24-e70261-g001.gif) ](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/97c6/13522644/b405c4e6b96a/MSC-24-e70261-g001.webp) ** FIGURE 1 ** Flow chart. ** FIGURE 1 ** Flow chart. **FIGURE 1** Flow chart. [ ![FIGURE 2](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/97c6/13522644/695f9fbab41b/MSC-24-e70261-g002.gif) ](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/97c6/13522644/149d8e6069eb/MSC-24-e70261-g002.webp) ** FIGURE 2 ** Changes in groups over time. ** FIGURE 2 ** Changes in groups over time. **FIGURE 2** Changes in groups over time. [See this image and copyright information in PMC](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661382/) ## Similar articles * [ Group cognitive-behavioural programme to reduce the impact of rheumatoid arthritis fatigue: the RAFT RCT with economic and qualitative evaluations. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31601357/) Hewlett S, Almeida C, Ambler N, Blair PS, Choy E, Dures E, Hammond A, Hollingworth W, Kadir B, Kirwan J, Plummer Z, Rooke C, Thorn J, Turner N, Pollock J.Hewlett S, et al.Health Technol Assess. 2019 Oct;23(57):1-130. doi: 10.3310/hta23570.Health Technol Assess. 2019.PMID: 31601357Free PMC article.Clinical Trial. * [ High-intensity exercise improves multidimensional fatigue and health-related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled study. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40968365/) Bilberg A, Bjersing J, Börjesson M, Sivertsson J, Mannerkorpi K.Bilberg A, et al.Arthritis Res Ther. 2025 Sep 18;27(1):176. doi: 10.1186/s13075-025-03643-3.Arthritis Res Ther. 2025.PMID: 40968365Free PMC article.Clinical Trial. * [ Behavioural modification interventions for medically unexplained symptoms in primary care: systematic reviews and economic evaluation. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32975190/) Leaviss J, Davis S, Ren S, Hamilton J, Scope A, Booth A, Sutton A, Parry G, Buszewicz M, Moss-Morris R, White P.Leaviss J, et al.Health Technol Assess. 2020 Sep;24(46):1-490. doi: 10.3310/hta24460.Health Technol Assess. 2020.PMID: 32975190Free PMC article. * [ Yoga or Strengthening Exercise for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40198073/) Abafita BJ, Singh A, Aitken D, Ding C, Moonaz S, Palmer AJ, Blizzard L, Inglis A, Drummen SJJ, Jones G, Bennell KL, Antony B.Abafita BJ, et al.JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Apr 1;8(4):e253698. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.3698.JAMA Netw Open. 2025.PMID: 40198073Free PMC article.Clinical Trial. * [ Exercise interventions on health-related quality of life for people with cancer during active treatment. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22895974/) Mishra SI, Scherer RW, Snyder C, Geigle PM, Berlanstein DR, Topaloglu O.Mishra SI, et al.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15;2012(8):CD008465. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008465.pub2.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012.PMID: 22895974Free PMC article. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42661382) ## References 1. 1. Abdulrazaq, S. , Oldham J., Skelton D. A., et al. 2018. “A Prospective Cohort Study Measuring Cost‐Benefit Analysis of the Otago Exercise Programme in Community Dwelling Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis.” BMC Health Services Research 18, no. 1: 574. 10.1186/s12913-018-3383-4. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3383-4) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6053737/) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30029649/) 2. 1. Adina, T.‐S. , Mihaela‐Simona S., Lucia C. P., et al. 2020. “The Influence of Socio‐Demographic Factors, Lifestyle and Psychiatric Indicators on Adherence to Treatment of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross‐Sectional Study.” Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 56, no. 4: 178. 10.3390/medicina56040178. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56040178) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7230943/) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32295226/) 3. 1. Albayrak Gezer, İ. , Balkarli A., Can B., Bağçaci S., Küçükşen S., and Küçük A.. 2017. “Pain, Depression Levels, Fatigue, Sleep Quality, and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.” Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 47, no. 3: 847–853. 10.3906/sag-1603-147. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1603-147) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28618733/) 4. 1. Alghadir, A. , Anwer S., and Brismée J.‐M.. 2015. “The Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of Timed Up and Go Test in Individuals With Grade 1–3 Knee Osteoarthritis.” BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 16, no. 1: 174. 10.1186/s12891-015-0637-8. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-015-0637-8) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4520098/) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26223312/) 5. 1. Badsha, H. , Chhabra V., Leibman C., Mofti A., and Kong K. O.. 2009. “The Benefits of Yoga for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of a Preliminary, Structured 8‐week Program.” Rheumatology International 29, no. 12: 1417–1421. 10.1007/s00296-009-0871-1. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-009-0871-1) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19184028/) Show all 55 references ## Publication types * Randomized Controlled Trial Acti
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