---
title: "Infectious Disease Clinical Research Feed | MedicHelpline"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
specialty_slug: "infectious-disease"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease"
content_type: "clinical_feed_specialty"
page: 1
articles_in_batch: 30
generated_at: "2026-09-05T23:52:19.832Z"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Infectious Disease — Clinical Research Feed
## Specialty Overview: Infectious Disease
Latest peer-reviewed clinical trials, guidelines, and observational research in **Infectious Disease**, indexed and structured for clinical intelligence and AI reasoning.
## Latest Infectious Disease Publications
### 1. [HPV16 nanovaccine candidate: IL-15–E7 fusion protein in silk-fibroin nanoparticles](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42501767.md)
- **Source:** PubMed / NCBI | **Published:** 2026-09-05 | DOI: [10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127223](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijpharm.2026.127223)
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [HPV16 nanovaccine candidate: IL-15–E7 fusion protein in silk-fibroin nanoparticles](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42501767.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - The study developed a **nanovaccine** candidate targeting HPV16 by creating a recombinant fusion protein of **Interleukin-15 (IL-15)** linked to the HPV16 **E7 oncoprotein**, then encapsulating that fusion protein in **silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNPs)**. - Nanoparticle characterization showed a nano-sized formulation measuring **77.402 ± 7.852 nm** with a net negative charge (zeta potential **-11.1 mV**). - In a mouse tumor challenge model, the IL-15–E7 SFNP formulation elicited stronger cellular immune markers than the unconjugated recombinant fusion protein, specifically higher **IFN-γ** and **Granzyme B** secretion. - Survival after tumor challenge was higher in mice immunized with the nanovaccine compared with recombinant IL-15–E7 alone (reported **75% vs 50%**). - Tumor growth inhibition favored the nanovaccine but was described as a non-significant substantial inhibition versus the recombinant protein. - Overall immunologic effects attributed to the IL-15–E7 SFNPs included induction of **Th1 immunity**, increased **cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)** activity, and measurable **anti-tumor effects** in the preclinical model. - The report identifies the HPV16 **E7 oncoprotein** as a key therapeutic antigen for cervical cancer vaccine design and positions IL-15 as an immune-stimulatory adjuvant fused to antigen. - Specific experimental details such as immunization dose, schedule, number of animals per group, full statistical analyses, and safety/tolerability data were not reported in the PubMed abstract and thus are not available from this source.

### 2. [Core-shell electrospun nanofibers co-delivering bacteriophage JG004 and aztreonam for Pseudomonas](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42486205.md)
- **Source:** PubMed / NCBI | **Published:** 2026-09-05 | DOI: [10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127224](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijpharm.2026.127224)
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Core-shell electrospun nanofibers co-delivering bacteriophage JG004 and aztreonam for Pseudomonas](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42486205.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - The study addresses challenges of antimicrobial resistance in chronic wound care, where poor perfusion and biofilm-embedded bacteria reduce antibiotic efficacy. - The authors developed a **core-shell nanofiber** platform produced by **electrospinning** to co-deliver a lytic **bacteriophage** (JG004) and the β-lactam antibiotic **aztreonam** while spatially separating the agents within the fiber matrix. - The fibers are mechanically robust and preserve phage viability for at least **28 days**, while enabling rapid release of both antimicrobials. - The core-shell architecture reduces phage exposure to environmental and oxidative stressors compared with unprotected formulations. - In vitro testing showed pronounced **phage-antibiotic synergy**, producing up to **99% bacterial reduction** of **Pseudomonas aeruginosa** and outperforming single-agent treatments against both planktonic and biofilm-associated bacteria. - The delivery system is modular, permitting integration of alternate phage-antibiotic combinations to match patient-specific pathogens and resistance profiles. - The platform aims to combine sustained antimicrobial performance with clinical adaptability, supporting potential translation of phage-based strategies into modern wound care. - Details on in vivo testing, regulatory considerations, exact fiber compositions, manufacturing scale-up, and long-term safety were not reported in the abstract and would require consultation of the full text for confirmation.

### 3. [Schiff base‑triazole‑pleuromutilin conjugates: reported broad‑spectrum antibacterials with anti‑MR](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42208466.md)
- **Source:** PubMed / NCBI | **Published:** 2026-09-05 | DOI: [10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.110029](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bioorg.2026.110029)
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Schiff base‑triazole‑pleuromutilin conjugates: reported broad‑spectrum antibacterials with anti‑MR](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42208466.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - The PubMed record reports a 2026 Bioorganic Chemistry article titled “Discovery of Schiff base-triazole-pleuromutilin conjugates as broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with potent anti-MRSA activity.” - The study is authored by Cai‑Xiang Zhang and colleagues from Guangxi Normal University and affiliated Chinese laboratories; corresponding authors and contact emails are listed in the record. - Bibliographic details include PubMed ID **42208466**, DOI 10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.110029, and electronic publication on 25 May 2026 with a journal issue date of 5 September 2026. - The title indicates the novel chemical class studied: **Schiff base‑triazole‑pleuromutilin conjugates**, and claims **broad‑spectrum antibacterial** activity with **potent anti‑MRSA** effects. - The PubMed page links to Elsevier Science full‑text options but the PubMed record shown here does not include the article abstract, experimental details, quantitative results, MIC values, in vitro/in vivo study design, or safety/pharmacology data. - Affiliations specify research groups focused on medicinal chemistry and molecular engineering of medicinal resources and multimodal biomarkers and precision diagnosis at institutions in Guilin, Guangxi, PR China. - The PubMed entry does not report conflict of interest statements, detailed methods, specific bacterial strains tested, comparative agents, structure–activity relationships, or conclusions beyond the title claim; those details require access to the full text. - Because the source content is limited to bibliographic metadata and title, no additional study outcomes, numerical data, or experimental claims are inferred or added here; readers are directed to the full text link for complete results and methods.

### 4. [Zoonotic risks from European dog imports to the UK: emerging threats and control gaps](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-41925288.md)
- **Source:** PubMed / NCBI | **Published:** 2026-09-05 | DOI: [10.1002/vetr.70551](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fvetr.70551)
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Zoonotic risks from European dog imports to the UK: emerging threats and control gaps](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-41925288.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - The movement of dogs from continental Europe into the UK is an increasing public health concern because it carries risk of **zoonotic** disease incursions. - Current UK pre-import controls are limited: legislation and measures target only **rabies** virus and the fox tapeworm **Echinococcus multilocularis**, leaving other pathogens and vectors inadequately addressed. - The authors performed a scoping review to summarise major zoonotic pathogens and vectors associated with imported dogs, explicitly including agents such as **rabies virus**, **Brucella canis** and exotic tick species. - The review examined the potential for these pathogens and vectors to become established in the UK and considered surveillance and control implications. - The review identifies important gaps: the literature search included only English-language sources, and available data on the numbers of imported dogs and their disease burden are limited. - Raising awareness among veterinary staff is emphasised as central to recognising, managing and preventing imported zoonoses and is framed as integral to a **One Health** approach. - The article highlights the need to strengthen pre-import controls, surveillance, and research to close knowledge gaps and better mitigate the public health risks posed by imported dogs. - The authors present a synthesis of existing evidence rather than new primary data and note limitations in the available evidence base and surveillance systems.

### 5. [Austrian veterinarians' knowledge, attitudes and practices on antibiotic use and AMR](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-41334627.md)
- **Source:** PubMed / NCBI | **Published:** 2026-09-05 | DOI: [10.1002/vetr.6121](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fvetr.6121)
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Austrian veterinarians' knowledge, attitudes and practices on antibiotic use and AMR](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-41334627.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - An online survey conducted in 2022 assessed Austrian veterinarians' **antimicrobial use (AMU)** knowledge, attitudes and practices related to **antimicrobial resistance (AMR)** across companion animal, farm and mixed practices. - Knowledge gaps were most pronounced among **companion animal veterinarians**: only 31% correctly identified cefovecin as a critically important antimicrobial and 16% incorrectly reported it as a first-choice drug. - Most respondents (75% of 165) correctly ranked treating groups of animals with orally administered antibiotics as having the highest influence on AMR. - Clinical examination was considered important or very important by all practitioners when deciding to use antibiotics; however, companion animal practitioners rated cost and owner expectations as significantly less influential than farm and mixed practitioners. - Of 180 veterinarians surveyed, 47% reported using **antimicrobial susceptibility testing** always or regularly, estimated at roughly 20%–50% of antibiotic treatments. - The authors note a limitation of small sample size and potential response bias, as clinicians interested in AMU/AMR may have been more likely to participate. - The study concludes that additional training and stewardship efforts are needed across veterinary sectors in Austria, with priority on knowledge gaps among companion animal clinicians. - Publication details: Vet Rec. 2026 Sep 5;199(5):e250–e261. DOI 10.1002/vetr.6121. Epub 2025 Dec 3.

### 6. [WHO validates Bhutan for eliminating dog-transmitted human rabies](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/who-0-0-who-validates-bhutan-for-eliminating-dog-transmitted-human-rabies.md)
- **Source:** World Health Organization | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [WHO validates Bhutan for eliminating dog-transmitted human rabies](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/who-0-0-who-validates-bhutan-for-eliminating-dog-transmitted-human-rabies.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - The World Health Organization has formally **validated Bhutan** as having eliminated **dog-transmitted human rabies**, according to the WHO news item. - The announcement is presented by WHO as a validation of Bhutan’s achievement on this specific public health outcome. - The source text provided for this task contains site navigation and meta content but does not include the body text of the WHO release describing methods, timeline, or supporting data. - Specifics such as the criteria used for validation, the period of zero cases, surveillance or vaccination activities, partner roles, or programmatic steps taken by Bhutan were not reported in the provided source content. - The WHO validation implies recognition of national progress on rabies control, but the underlying evidence, recommendations for maintaining status, and any follow-up measures were not available in the supplied text. - Additional detail would be required from the full WHO release or supporting documents to summarize the validation process, data, or operational lessons from Bhutan’s programme.

### 7. [Household transmission of Shigella vs Campylobacter: paired cohorts in Bangladesh and Tanzania](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-8-comparative-analysis-of-shigella-and-campylobacter-transmission-in-paired.md)
- **Source:** medRxiv (Clinical Preprints) | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Household transmission of Shigella vs Campylobacter: paired cohorts in Bangladesh and Tanzania](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-8-comparative-analysis-of-shigella-and-campylobacter-transmission-in-paired.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - Paired longitudinal cohort studies enrolled 100 households each in **urban Bangladesh** and **rural Tanzania**, each household including a child under one year, with monthly stool sampling and collection during diarrheal episodes for one year. - The study reconstructed daily infection trajectories for participants for **Shigella** and **Campylobacter** and used a household transmission model to estimate **within-household** and **community-to-household** transmission rates. - Overall symptomatic proportions were low: 8.8% of Campylobacter and 7.6% of Shigella infections were symptomatic, per study data. - Incidence differed by site: Shigella incidence was reported as 2.3 times higher in Bangladesh than Tanzania; Campylobacter incidence was 1.4 times higher in Bangladesh than Tanzania. - Crude comparisons suggested Campylobacter had relatively greater community-to-household than within-household transmission compared with Shigella, but further analysis found these differences were modified by **age**. - Age-specific effects: children under 5 years had higher transmission rates for **Campylobacter** than for Shigella, and for both pathogens community-to-household transmission exceeded within-household transmission in this age group. - Participants aged ≥5 years showed higher transmission for **Shigella** compared with Campylobacter, indicating different age-linked transmission roles. - The authors conclude that apparent pathogen-specific transmission differences are driven by effect modification by age, and that intervention design should account for **age-specific transmission patterns** and pathogen biology. - Ethical approvals were obtained from institutional review boards in the US, Tanzania, and Bangladesh; data are available on reasonable request; study funding included NIH grants declared in the source. - This work is a preprint on medRxiv and has not been peer reviewed; findings should not be used to guide clinical practice without further validation.

### 8. [HBsAg clearance and occult HBV mutation in HIV/HBV-coinfected patients on ART](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-7-hepatitis-b-surface-antigen-clearance-in-hiv-hbv-coinfected-patients-associated.md)
- **Source:** medRxiv (Clinical Preprints) | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [HBsAg clearance and occult HBV mutation in HIV/HBV-coinfected patients on ART](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-7-hepatitis-b-surface-antigen-clearance-in-hiv-hbv-coinfected-patients-associated.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - This retrospective study reviewed 256 people with HIV followed at Kumamoto University Hospital (1986–2025) to evaluate **HBsAg clearance** and characterize occult HBV infection (OBI) in coinfected patients. 15 patients met inclusion for detailed analysis (12 HBsAg-positive, 3 OBI). - The study estimated cumulative incidence of HBsAg loss after antiretroviral therapy (ART) using Kaplan-Meier analysis; most clearances occurred within the first 3–4 years of therapy. - HBsAg clearance occurred in 7 of 12 HBsAg-positive patients (58%). The Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence reached ~25% by 2 years and ~64.3% by ~4.4 years, with no further clearances observed during later follow-up. - Clearance was associated with preserved immune function (CD4 ≥200 cells/μL: 71% vs 0%) and better HIV control (HIV-RNA <10^5 copies/mL: 86% vs 20%). - HBV-DNA levels were significantly higher in the HBsAg clearance group than in OBI cases (adjusted p = 0.007), indicating that detectable HBV replication accompanied clearance events in this cohort. - All sequenced OBI cases were genotype C2. One OBI case also carried a rare substitution in the HBsAg 'a' determinant region, N131K, a change reported infrequently in genotype A sequences in HBV databases. - The authors suggest that a rare **'a' determinant substitution (N131K)** may produce false-negative HBsAg results and thus underlie OBI, a finding relevant when selecting **NRTI-sparing regimens** for people with HIV. - The study was approved by the Kumamoto University Ethics Committee (Approval No. 1942); authors report no competing interests. All data are contained within the manuscript.

### 9. [Leptospirosis in the Dominican Republic, 2012–2026: Epidemiology, Seasonality, and Geographic Hots](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-6-epidemiology-temporal-and-seasonal-trends-and-geographic-distribution-of.md)
- **Source:** medRxiv (Clinical Preprints) | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Leptospirosis in the Dominican Republic, 2012–2026: Epidemiology, Seasonality, and Geographic Hots](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-6-epidemiology-temporal-and-seasonal-trends-and-geographic-distribution-of.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - This national surveillance analysis examined 8,425 leptospirosis records from the Dominican Republic (2012–June 2026); 5,412 met case-definition criteria (3,441 suspected, 1,448 probable, 523 confirmed). - The cumulative incidence for 2012–2025 was **3.55 per 100,000 person‑years**. Laboratory confirmation increased substantially over time, reaching about half of 2025 cases and over half in 2026; overall historical confirmation was 9.7% before recent increases. - Temporal trends showed three periods: a pre‑COVID decline, a low‑infection period during COVID, and increasing incidence post‑COVID; the overall trend across all years was statistically stable (p = 0.15). - Cases were concentrated in the **rainy/hurricane season** (May–November), accounting for 61.1% of cases (p < 0.001); precipitation showed a marginal positive correlation with cases (r = 0.553, p = 0.062). - Geographic risk was heterogeneous: rural provinces had higher incidence, with Hermanas Mirabal the highest at **16.43 per 100,000 person‑years**; large urban and coastal provinces had roughly 80% lower rates. - Men had significantly higher incidence than women (2.73‑fold; 95% CI 2.56–2.90), and case counts peaked in younger age groups (10–29 years). - Clinical comorbidity was the strongest predictor of complications (OR 2.84; 95% CI 2.01–4.02; p < 0.001). - The study highlights limited diagnostic confirmation as a central obstacle to accurate burden estimation; confirmation rates exceeded 40% only from 2023 onward. - Data sources included the Dominican Republic Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance (MISPAS/DIGEPI) and the Dominican Institute of Meteorology (INDOMET); surveillance and meteorological data are not publicly available but may be requested from the custodial agencies. - Ethical oversight was reported: Florida Atlantic University IRB approval and anonymized, aggregate data provided by MISPAS. - The authors conclude that targeted surveillance during identified seasonal windows, expanded diagnostic capacity, and attention to rural high‑risk provinces and younger male populations are priorities for case management and burden estimation.

### 10. [Saliva-based nanopore sequencing panel for pharmacogenomic screening in drug-resistant tuberculosis](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-5-nanopore-sequencing-panel-for-saliva-based-host-pharmacogenomic-screening-in.md)
- **Source:** medRxiv (Clinical Preprints) | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Saliva-based nanopore sequencing panel for pharmacogenomic screening in drug-resistant tuberculosis](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-5-nanopore-sequencing-panel-for-saliva-based-host-pharmacogenomic-screening-in.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - The authors developed a **16-plex nanopore sequencing panel** targeting 23 host variants (21 clinically validated, 2 predicted actionable) that affect exposure and toxicity of second-line anti-tubercular drugs: **linezolid, bedaquiline, clofazimine, moxifloxacin, and ethambutol**. - The panel was benchmarked by sequencing 50 Coriell DNA samples (from the 1000 Genomes Project) and then applied to **saliva from 202 patients** receiving treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis in India using a MinION Mk1C (R10.4) device. - Sequencing produced high depth in saliva with a reported median coverage of **3,609X**, and data were processed using in‑house analysis pipelines. - Pharmacokinetic and toxicity data were assessed alongside genotype. Several genotype–phenotype trends reached nominal significance in specific subgroups rather than across the entire cohort. - Among patients receiving **high-dose moxifloxacin (800 mg daily)**, the **UGT1A1 rs3755319 A>C** variant was associated with higher trough concentrations in heterozygotes and homozygous alternates compared with reference genotype. - For **linezolid**, among patients dose-reduced to **300 mg**, homozygous alternate **ABCB1 rs2032582 A>C** carriers (7/98) had significantly lower Cmin than wild-type and heterozygotes; these associations were not observed at standard dosing. - **Linezolid-associated toxicity** occurred more frequently in **ABCB1 rs1128503 A>G** heterozygotes versus homozygous reference (58.3% vs. 29.1%). - **UGT1A1 rs4148323 G>A** heterozygotes had higher rates of moxifloxacin toxicity than wild-type (42.9% vs. 14.3%). - The authors conclude portable, **saliva-based sequencing** reliably detects pharmacogenetic variants and could support pre-treatment screening to predict drug exposure or toxicity; specific clinical implementation details and broader validation needs were not reported in the source. - Ethical approvals were obtained from PD Hinduja Hospital (Mumbai), Johns Hopkins University, and the Institute of Bioinformatics (Bangalore). Funders included the Department of Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology, and NIAID grants cited in the source.

### 11. [Seroprevalence of Lassa and Other Viral Infections Among Febrile Patients in Forest Guinea](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-4-seroprevalence-of-viral-hemorrhagic-fevers-and-arboviral-infections-among.md)
- **Source:** medRxiv (Clinical Preprints) | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Seroprevalence of Lassa and Other Viral Infections Among Febrile Patients in Forest Guinea](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-4-seroprevalence-of-viral-hemorrhagic-fevers-and-arboviral-infections-among.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - A retrospective cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted in Forest Guinea (Guéckédou and N′Zérékoré) to assess exposure to **Lassa virus** and other viral pathogens among febrile patients. - Routine diagnostic surveillance in Guinea detected several confirmed viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) cases between 2017 and 2024, motivating the serological assessment. - **Lassa virus seroprevalence** was 56.0% in the Guéckédou study group and 29.8% in the N′Zérékoré study group, indicating substantial regional differences. - Seropositivity for Lassa virus increased with age in both study groups, consistent with cumulative exposure over time. - Samples from the Guéckédou laboratory were further tested for other pathogens: antibodies against **Marburg virus** were found in 5.8% of samples, **Zika virus** antibodies in 5.4%, and **Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus** antibodies in 1.2%. - The study reports ethical approval from the National Ethics Committee of Guinea (CNERS) under approval numbers 197/CNERS/25 and 070/LRE/CNERS/26 and states that participant consent and reporting guidelines were followed. - All data produced in the study are available upon reasonable request to the authors. The authors declared no competing interests.

### 12. [Priority use cases for tuberculosis biomarkers and tests across infection, disease, treatment and](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-20-defining-use-cases-for-biomarkers-and-tests-across-tuberculosis-infection.md)
- **Source:** medRxiv (Clinical Preprints) | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Priority use cases for tuberculosis biomarkers and tests across infection, disease, treatment and](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-20-defining-use-cases-for-biomarkers-and-tests-across-tuberculosis-infection.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - This international consensus exercise aimed to define, validate, and prioritise use cases for **tuberculosis** biomarkers and diagnostic tests across the full care pathway: **Mtb infection**, active disease, treatment optimisation, and post‑TB care. - A scoping review of literature, guidelines, and target product profiles (24 documents) generated 69 candidate use cases, which were consolidated to 13 for the consensus process. - A hybrid RAND/UCLA modified Delphi process engaged 185 identified interest‑holders from clinical, research, industry, policy, funding, civil society and national programme backgrounds, including WHO representatives. - Participants completed an online survey rating agreement with each use case; use cases with <80% agreement were discussed in a consensus meeting, followed by a validation meeting. - The process retained eleven use cases spanning four stages: three for **Mtb infection**, four for disease detection, three for treatment optimisation, and one for post‑TB care. - Highest‑priority use cases identified were detection of **drug‑resistant TB**, prediction of progression from infection to disease, identification of current **Mtb infection**, and improved diagnosis of **active TB disease**. - The authors conclude this is the first comprehensive, prioritised framework of use cases to guide investment, focus biomarker discovery, inform target product profiles, funding calls and policy development. - The study recommends applying this framework to the existing biomarker pipeline to identify gaps between innovation and priority needs. - Ethical considerations: formal IRB approval was not required as the consensus methods collected anonymised professional input; no new patient data were generated. - Funding: Wellcome Trust supported the work.

### 13. [Rainfall as a Predictor of Leptospirosis in the Dominican Republic: Distributed-Lag Analysis 2012–](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-13-rainfall-and-leptospirosis-in-the-dominican-republic-2012-2026-a-distributed.md)
- **Source:** medRxiv (Clinical Preprints) | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Rainfall as a Predictor of Leptospirosis in the Dominican Republic: Distributed-Lag Analysis 2012–](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-13-rainfall-and-leptospirosis-in-the-dominican-republic-2012-2026-a-distributed.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - The study quantified the association between monthly **rainfall** and reported **leptospirosis** cases in the Dominican Republic from 2012–2026 using a distributed-lag time-series design and a province fixed-effects panel. - Surveillance data included 5,412 valid leptospirosis cases from the national system (SIP-0276FA51); meteorological input came from 15 INDOMET rain gauges across 13 provinces covering 2000–2026. - Cross-correlation analysis showed the rainfall–case association peaked at a **1-month lag** (r = 0.551; 95% CI 0.437–0.647; p < 0.001) and remained significant through 3 months. - Negative binomial distributed-lag regression (lags 0–3 months) adjusted for seasonality and trend found each additional 50 mm at 1-month lag associated with higher incidence (IRR = 1.156; 95% CI 1.090–1.226; p < 0.001). All four lags were independently significant. - A 13-province fixed-effects panel produced a nearly identical 1-month lag effect (IRR = 1.147; 95% CI 1.127–1.167). - Extreme-rainfall analysis showed rainfall above the historical 90th percentile increased next-month risk (rate ratio = 1.95), with larger effects at more stringent thresholds. - The population attributable fraction (PAF) for rainfall above the recorded historical minimum was estimated at 28.2% (95% CI 19.0–36.6%) via parametric bootstrap. - Authors conclude **rainfall** is a robust predictor of **leptospirosis** in the Dominican Republic, with the strongest and most actionable signal at ~one month and elevated risk up to three months, supporting rainfall-linked early-warning systems. - Data were provided by the Dominican Republic Ministry of Public Health (DIGEPI) and INDOMET; de-identified data may be available on request. - Ethical review: FAU IRB approved the protocol (IRB2606182) and deemed it exempt as a secondary analysis of de-identified surveillance and meteorological data.

### 14. [Health and Economic Impact of Scaling Monthly Oral PrEP (MK-8527) Versus Injectable Lenacapavir in](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-10-modeling-the-health-and-economic-impact-of-scaling-up-monthly-oral-pre-exposure.md)
- **Source:** medRxiv (Clinical Preprints) | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Health and Economic Impact of Scaling Monthly Oral PrEP (MK-8527) Versus Injectable Lenacapavir in](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-10-modeling-the-health-and-economic-impact-of-scaling-up-monthly-oral-pre-exposure.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - This modeling study used the agent-based network model EMOD-HIV to simulate scale-up of monthly oral PrEP (MK-8527), injectable **lenacapavir**, and combined long-acting PrEP strategies in western Kenya and South Africa from 2026–2035. - Scenarios compared MK-8527 alone, lenacapavir alone, and combined approaches to a baseline of daily oral PrEP only, with uptake varied among female sex workers, their male clients, and people with >1 partner. - Effectiveness assumptions: **MK-8527** 95% effectiveness for 2 months (assuming individuals took 2 of 3 pills dispensed); **lenacapavir** 95% effectiveness for 6 months. - With equal uptake, MK-8527 averted fewer infections than lenacapavir in both countries (MK-8527: 6–14% infections averted; lenacapavir: 11–18% infections averted) but had substantially lower provision costs. - Cost-per-pill scenarios for MK-8527 modeled at US$1.00 and US$2.50; at US$1.00 per pill MK-8527 provision costs were 58–59% lower than lenacapavir, and 40–43% lower at US$2.50 per pill. - In western Kenya, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for MK-8527 alone were US$467/DALY averted (US$1.00/pill) and US$799/DALY averted (US$2.50/pill); lenacapavir’s ICER was US$1,306/DALY averted. - In South Africa, all long-acting PrEP strategies were modeled as cost-saving over a 35-year horizon, although near-term budget impacts were substantial (US$169–348 million over five years). - Service delivery composed the majority of MK-8527 costs (≈73% when pill price = US$1.00). - Combined lenacapavir + MK-8527 strategies increased infections averted (13–23%) but raised provision costs above either strategy alone. - Authors conclude MK-8527 can reduce HIV incidence at lower costs than lenacapavir but its cost-effectiveness depends on low pill prices (e.g., US$1.00/pill) and targeting to populations at high HIV risk.

### 15. [Pre-existing Multidimensional Immune Signature Predicts Omicron Infection Risk in Vaccinated Indiv](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-0-a-multidimensional-immune-signature-predicts-susceptibility-to-omicron.md)
- **Source:** medRxiv (Clinical Preprints) | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Pre-existing Multidimensional Immune Signature Predicts Omicron Infection Risk in Vaccinated Indiv](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-0-a-multidimensional-immune-signature-predicts-susceptibility-to-omicron.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - This observational study compared vaccinated individuals who remained uninfected with those who became infected during the first **Omicron** wave, using blood samples collected at baseline and 24 weeks later. - Researchers measured innate and adaptive responses using isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Innate stimulation used the TLR7/8 agonist R848; adaptive assays used SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools and highly purified inactivated viruses (ancestral and **Omicron BA.1**). - Prior to infection, the group that later became infected showed reduced **CD4** and **CD8 T-cell proliferative responses** to antigenic stimulation despite having largely similar immune cell phenotypes compared with the uninfected group, indicating a pre-existing functional deficit. - The same susceptible group exhibited broadly increased **TNF** production across stimulation conditions before infection, consistent with a heightened inflammatory profile. - After infection, some T-cell functions improved: proliferation and **IFN-gamma** production partially recovered in response to viral antigens, but responses specifically to Omicron BA.1 remained suboptimal. - The infected group also displayed greater inflammatory activity overall, including increased TNF and IFN-gamma production, higher anti-nucleocapsid IgG3 levels, increased frequencies of B cells and myeloid cells, lower circulating interferon-inducible T-cell Alpha Chemoattractant (I-TAC), and a modest reduction in PMN IL-8 responses. - Many of these immunologic alterations were detectable before infection and persisted afterward, supporting their role as determinants of susceptibility rather than consequences of infection. - Beyond magnitude differences, protection correlated with functional coordination within the humoral compartment: the relationship between **Spike-binding antibodies** and neutralizing activity differed between protected and susceptible individuals. - Overall, the findings indicate that susceptibility to Omicron infection is associated with a pre-existing, persistent, multidimensional immune imbalance affecting both innate and adaptive arms of immunity. - The study is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed; institutional ethics approval and participant informed consent were obtained as reported by the authors.

### 16. [Mathematical modeling of how memory CD8 T cells enable post-treatment control of HIV](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-1-modeling-how-memory-cd8-t-cells-can-elicit-post-treatment-control-of-hiv.md)
- **Source:** bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints) | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Mathematical modeling of how memory CD8 T cells enable post-treatment control of HIV](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-1-modeling-how-memory-cd8-t-cells-can-elicit-post-treatment-control-of-hiv.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - Mathematical modeling combined with SIV non-human primate data was used to investigate mechanisms of lasting **post-treatment control** of HIV following antiretroviral therapy (ART) cessation. - The authors propose that sustained antigenic stimulation during uncontrolled infection induces heritable epigenetic remodeling in the **CD8 T cell** pool that impairs memory cell survivability. - **Antiretroviral therapy** rapidly lowers viremia, halting antigenic stimulation and thereby preserving memory potential of CD8 T cells. - Greater preservation of memory potential during therapy leads to stronger memory recall responses upon viral rebound, promoting durable viral control. - The mathematical model predicts that **post-treatment control** is an alternative stable state to progressive infection, achieved when memory-driven recall responses are sufficiently strong. - The model fits longitudinal virological data across pre-, during-, and post-ART phases and reproduces both progressive disease and long-term remission outcomes observed in the data. - Model results indicate that memory CD8 T cells can drive post-treatment control independently of the size of the **latent reservoir**, offering an explanation for control beyond reservoir-reduction hypotheses. - The analysis identifies a window of treatment initiation times that maximizes the probability of achieving post-treatment control, consistent with data showing earlier treatment favors remission. - Model-derived insights point to interventions targeting **memory CD8 T cells** as potential strategies for HIV remission, although specific interventions were not detailed in the source. - The study integrates empirical SIV data and theoretical modeling to link epigenetic changes, memory preservation by ART, and the dynamics of viral rebound and control.

### 17. [ODN-39M and LALF32-51 as nasal adjuvants to boost immune responses to rAg85B](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-0-synthetic-adjuvants-to-potentiate-the-immune-response-against-rag85b-by-nasal.md)
- **Source:** bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints) | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [ODN-39M and LALF32-51 as nasal adjuvants to boost immune responses to rAg85B](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-0-synthetic-adjuvants-to-potentiate-the-immune-response-against-rag85b-by-nasal.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - The study evaluates two synthetic adjuvants, **ODN-39M** (a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide) and the peptide **LALF32-51**, delivered intranasally with recombinant Ag85B (rAg85B) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Balb/C mice. - The rationale is that nasal vaccines can induce both mucosal and systemic immunity and may be useful against respiratory pathogens, including tuberculosis and drug-resistant bacterial variants. - **ODN-39M** potentiated the immune response to rAg85B, driving a preferential **Th1** pattern and inducing potent cell-mediated immunity alongside high **IgA** levels in the lungs and systemic responses. - The vaccine formulation combining **ODN-39M** with Ag85B elicited early recruitment of lymphoid cells in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (**NALT**) and increased expression of the activation marker **CD69**, particularly on B cells and dendritic cells. - The report presents preliminary NALT interaction data suggesting early local immune activation, but acknowledges that detailed mechanisms of NALT innate and adaptive responses were not fully elucidated in this work. - The peptide adjuvant **LALF32-51** was evaluated but the abstract emphasizes ODN-39M as the adjuvant that showed clear potentiation; specific comparative data or quantitative outcomes for LALF32-51 were not reported in the abstract. - Authors conclude that the data support the potential use of **ODN-39M** as a potent and potentially safe nasal adjuvant for future vaccines, while noting that further studies are needed to deepen understanding of NALT functioning and local innate responses. - Study context: preclinical work in Balb/C mice; this is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Funding was declared from the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2024RC9030).

### 18. [Infection prevention and control implementation during COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: multination](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-open-0-infection-prevention-and-control-measures-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-sub.md)
- **Source:** BMJ Open | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Infection prevention and control implementation during COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: multination](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-open-0-infection-prevention-and-control-measures-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-sub.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - This multinational cross-sectional study (Feb–Nov 2022) surveyed 6,749 healthcare workers (HCWs) at 324 healthcare facilities (HCFs) across Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar and Nigeria to assess implementation of **infection prevention and control (IPC)** measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. - Facilities included primary non-hospitals through tertiary HCFs; reported presence of IPC programmes varied by level, from 51.4% at primary non-hospitals to 83.3% at tertiary HCFs. - Over half of HCFs (57.4%) reported no patient or HCW screening for COVID-19; only 19.8% reported availability of handrub at point of care in every room. - Of 6,749 HCWs, 54.0% worked in high-risk patient care areas. Reported sufficient availability favored masks (62.7%) over respirators (28.5%). - Multivariable modelling showed HCW compliance with **hand hygiene** and **mask wearing** was associated with presence of an IPC programme (OR 1.3 and 1.4), IPC training for the HCW (OR 1.5 and 1.3), and availability of handrub and masks (handrub OR 5.9; masks OR 2.3). - The study highlights critical gaps in IPC programmes, screening, and access to IPC materials in low-resource settings that likely hinder HCW adherence to recommended practices. - Authors conclude that strengthening institutional IPC programmes and ensuring reliable access to equipment and materials are essential to improve infection control and pandemic preparedness in these settings.

### 19. [Redox-driven mitochondrial DNA stress in hepatocellular carcinoma: immune remodelling and immunoth](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/frontiers-in-immunology-17-redox-driven-mitochondrial-dna-stress-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-innate-immune.md)
- **Source:** Frontiers in Immunology | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Redox-driven mitochondrial DNA stress in hepatocellular carcinoma: immune remodelling and immunoth](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/frontiers-in-immunology-17-redox-driven-mitochondrial-dna-stress-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-innate-immune.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - The source record identifies a REVIEW article titled "Redox-driven mitochondrial DNA stress in hepatocellular carcinoma: innate immune remodelling, tumour immune escape, and immunotherapy implications" published in Frontiers in Immunology. - The visible source content is page navigation and journal metadata; the main article body and review content are not present in the provided source text. - The title highlights key concepts: **hepatocellular carcinoma**, **mitochondrial DNA stress**, **redox-driven** processes, **innate immune remodelling**, **tumour immune escape**, and **immunotherapy implications**. - No study data, methods, results, author list, conclusions, or specific mechanistic or clinical details were reported in the supplied source content. - Because the article text was not included, specifics such as pathways, experimental systems, biomarkers, therapeutic strategies, or recommendations were not available from this source. - The supplied material contains only Frontiers in Immunology site navigation, sections listings, and journal information; it does not provide the review's substantive content or findings. - For clinicians or researchers seeking the full review, the provided source URL and journal landing pages are the only pointers given; the full text must be accessed at the publisher site to obtain the review details. - Any mechanistic, preclinical, or clinical implications referenced by the title cannot be summarized from the present source and therefore were not reported here.

### 20. [MicroRNAs in Immune-Related Diseases: Mechanisms, Functions and Therapeutic Perspectives](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/frontiers-in-immunology-14-micrornas-in-immune-related-diseases-mechanism-functions-and-therapeutic.md)
- **Source:** Frontiers in Immunology | **Published:** 2026-09-04
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [MicroRNAs in Immune-Related Diseases: Mechanisms, Functions and Therapeutic Perspectives](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/frontiers-in-immunology-14-micrornas-in-immune-related-diseases-mechanism-functions-and-therapeutic.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - The source is a REVIEW article titled “MicroRNAs in immune-related diseases: mechanism, functions and therapeutic perspectives” published in Frontiers in Immunology. - The publicly available page captured by the source contains site navigation, journal information and section listings but does not include the article body, abstract, methods, results, or conclusions. - The Frontiers in Immunology journal page lists multiple topical sections (for example **Viral Immunology**, **Inflammation**, **T Cell Biology**, **Autoimmune Disorders**, **Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics**) that are relevant to immunology research and may be pertinent to the review’s scope. - The captured content confirms the article type is a REVIEW but provides no clinical details, mechanistic descriptions, specific microRNA names, disease examples, experimental data, or therapeutic recommendations. - Because the source extract lacks the article text, specific claims about **microRNAs**, their mechanisms, functional roles, biomarker value, or therapeutic strategies are not reported and cannot be summarized or paraphrased from this source. - Readers seeking the full review should consult the original Frontiers in Immunology article page; the source record includes links and site navigation but not the manuscript content itself.

### 21. [Aedes aegypti mosquito found breeding in UK for first time, UKHSA ramps up surveillance](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-0-mosquito-that-carries-dengue-zika-and-chikungunya-found-breeding-in-uk-for.md)
- **Source:** BMJ | **Published:** 2026-09-03
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Aedes aegypti mosquito found breeding in UK for first time, UKHSA ramps up surveillance](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-0-mosquito-that-carries-dengue-zika-and-chikungunya-found-breeding-in-uk-for.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - An invasive mosquito species, **Aedes aegypti**, capable of transmitting **dengue**, **Zika**, and **chikungunya**, has been found breeding in the UK for the first time. - The discovery was made at residential properties in east London where both adult mosquitoes and larvae were detected. - The UK Health Security Agency (**UKHSA**) has increased surveillance and trapping activities in response to the finding. - Health officials stated the overall risk to the public remains low because the UK climate is considered too cold for sustained, long-term survival of this species, despite recent heatwaves. - This marks the fourth recorded detection of **Aedes aegypti** in the UK in recent years, but it is the first time breeding has been confirmed. - The species is typically native to tropical and subtropical regions and is known as a vector for several viral diseases. - The report was published in The BMJ and authored by Gareth Iacobucci; publication details were provided in the source. - No additional specifics about the number of mosquitoes, precise addresses, duration of breeding, or any human cases were reported in the source. - The agency’s immediate actions focused on enhanced monitoring; further details on control measures or outcomes were not reported in the article.

### 22. [Fauci on pandemic memory: selective amnesia and its effect on views of masking and lockdowns](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/stat-news-1-stat-fauci-speaks-and-writes.md)
- **Source:** STAT News | **Published:** 2026-09-03
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Fauci on pandemic memory: selective amnesia and its effect on views of masking and lockdowns](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/stat-news-1-stat-fauci-speaks-and-writes.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - Former NIAID director **Anthony Fauci** told reporters that Americans exhibit “selective amnesia” about the Covid-19 pandemic, which he said has altered public perceptions of mitigation measures such as **masking** and **lockdowns**. - The piece is authored by John Wilkerson, Washington correspondent, and published Sept. 3, 2026, as part of STAT’s D.C. Diagnosis newsletter. - The article includes an image caption noting Fauci’s testimony before a House subcommittee on June 3, 2024. - STAT’s report is labeled a STAT+ exclusive; most of the detailed reporting in this story is behind the STAT+ subscriber paywall. - The visible article references lighter newsroom items: a colleague pointing out odd art in an HHS children’s book about screen time, and contact details for the reporter. - The piece is categorized and tagged under topics including Congress, Coronavirus, drug development, drug pricing, Medicaid, Pharmaceuticals, Policy, public health, and STAT+. - The publicly visible text on the STAT page includes subscription prompts, subscriber pricing tiers, and links to related STAT coverage and newsletters; specific substantive details beyond Fauci’s quoted phrase and the paywall notice were not reported in the accessible source. - Because the full article content is gated, further factual specifics, quotes, and reporting details were not reported in the source provided here.

### 23. [High AUROC can hide threshold failure in sepsis transcriptomic classifiers: preprocessing stabilit](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-13-high-auroc-can-mask-decision-failure-in-sepsis-transcriptomic-classifiers.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-09-03
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [High AUROC can hide threshold failure in sepsis transcriptomic classifiers: preprocessing stabilit](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-13-high-auroc-can-mask-decision-failure-in-sepsis-transcriptomic-classifiers.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - The study benchmarks numerical transportability of whole-blood **sepsis** transcriptomic classifiers across four public GEO cohorts: GSE65682 (discovery), GSE95233 (microarray validation), GSE154918 (RNA-seq transfer), and GSE28750 (non-infectious inflammation stress test). - The authors compared four preprocessing/model-transfer workflows: training-derived standard scaling, training-derived robust scaling, strict-inductive sample-wise **rank normalization** with training-derived scaling, and robust scaling using unsupervised external-cohort reference statistics (termed external-cohort adaptation). - Internal five-fold cross-validation showed very high discrimination (AUROC) for all workflows, but AUROC did not reliably predict fixed-threshold performance after cohort or platform transfer. - In external validation (GSE154918 RNA-seq transfer), training-derived standard and robust scaling experienced threshold collapse: balanced accuracy at the 0.5 decision threshold fell to 0.50 despite very high AUROC, equivalent to random classification at that fixed threshold. - The strict-inductive sample-rank strategy preserved fixed-threshold performance across external cohorts (balanced accuracy 0.95–1.00 in the benchmark), indicating strong score-scale stability for single-sample external transfer. - Robust external-cohort adaptation also preserved fixed-threshold performance (balanced accuracy 0.95–1.00) but requires access to unlabeled external-cohort distribution statistics and is therefore framed as unsupervised cohort adaptation rather than pure single-sample transfer. - Post hoc calibration and variations in model regularization did not rescue the failing training-derived-scaling strategies in external transfer. - In the sepsis-versus-non-infectious-inflammation stress test, robust external-cohort adaptation achieved the highest observed balanced accuracy (0.80, 95% CI 0.61–0.95), but its advantage over sample-rank normalization was uncertain in paired bootstrap comparisons. - The authors conclude that high **AUROC** can mask fixed-threshold decision failure after transfer; preprocessing stability (sample-rank or external-cohort scaling) outweighs post hoc calibration for preserving usable fixed thresholds across cohorts and platforms. - All analyses used processed public expression matrices only; data and scripts are archived on Zenodo and GitHub and cohorts are available under the reported GEO accession numbers.

### 24. [HPV and HPV vaccine awareness in Indigenous communities of Northwest Territories, Canada](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-12-human-papillomavirus-hpv-and-hpv-vaccine-awareness-in-indigenous-communities-in.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-09-03
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [HPV and HPV vaccine awareness in Indigenous communities of Northwest Territories, Canada](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-12-human-papillomavirus-hpv-and-hpv-vaccine-awareness-in-indigenous-communities-in.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - This community-based mixed-methods study assessed awareness of **HPV** and the **HPV vaccine** among Indigenous adults in 11 Northwest Territories (NWT) communities between 2022–2024. - A total of 221 participants (66.5% women; mean age 43.6 ± 13.9 years) completed semi-structured questionnaires administered by trained local research assistants. - Approximately half of participants had heard of **HPV**; fewer than one-third had heard of the **HPV vaccine**. Only 26.3% of participants aged up to 26 years reported having received the vaccine. - Education was strongly associated with HPV awareness (p < .000); lower educational attainment correlated with significantly reduced awareness. - Awareness of the **HPV vaccine** was predicted by age (p < .033), gender (p < .019), and education (p < .004): women, younger adults, and those with higher education were more likely to know about the vaccine. - Qualitative thematic analysis identified limited awareness and insufficient information about HPV and the vaccine as primary barriers to vaccination within communities. - Participants recommended enhanced outreach linking HPV to cancer prevention and expanded educational efforts in schools and community settings to improve vaccine uptake. - The study used a community-based participatory research model across communities varying by size and remoteness; some procedural details and full quantitative tables are presented in the source article. - Data are not publicly available due to potentially identifying information; access to de-identified data requires ethics review and community agreements as described in the source. - The authors conclude that tailored, targeted interventions are needed to increase **HPV vaccine** utilization in Indigenous communities in NWT.

### 25. [Correction: MRSA infections in hospitalized patients driven by community-acquired strains — correc](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-1-correction-methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-mrsa-infection-in.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-09-03
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Correction: MRSA infections in hospitalized patients driven by community-acquired strains — correc](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-1-correction-methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-mrsa-infection-in.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - This item is a formal correction notice for the PLOS ONE research article reporting that **MRSA** infections in hospitalized patients are dominated by **community-acquired** strains. - The correction addresses the ordering of the authors' institutional affiliations; the authors and affiliation order are presented as corrected in this notice. - Corrected author list and affiliation mapping: Jingxia Dang1,3; Yuhui Geng4; Ting Pan1,3; Ping Zhang1,3; Mingbo Chen1,3; Dongfeng Pan5; Peifeng Liang2. - Corrected affiliations are: 1 School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; 2 Department of Medical Affairs, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; 3 Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China; 4 Department of Infection Control, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; 5 Department of Emergency Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China. - The correction cites the original article (Dang et al., PLoS One. 2026;21(7):e0354017) and provides links and identifiers: DOI for the correction (10.1371/journal.pone.0357884), and DOI for the original article (10.1371/journal.pone.0354017). - Publication metadata for the correction: Published September 3, 2026; open access under the Creative Commons Attribution License. - The notice indicates the correction pertains to the research article and points readers to the original article page and PDF for the corrected record. - No additional methodological, data, or result changes are reported in this correction notice; content is limited to affiliation order and citation details.

### 26. [Serotype-specific dengue transmission intensity in Mexico (2016–2023): national modelling analysis](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-medicine-1-overall-and-serotype-specific-dengue-virus-transmission-intensity-in-mexico.md)
- **Source:** PLOS Medicine | **Published:** 2026-09-03
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Serotype-specific dengue transmission intensity in Mexico (2016–2023): national modelling analysis](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-medicine-1-overall-and-serotype-specific-dengue-virus-transmission-intensity-in-mexico.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - This study analysed 833,629 probable or confirmed dengue cases reported to Mexico’s National Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINAVE) between 2016 and 2023 to quantify transmission intensity across 27 states. - Researchers used established catalytic models and developed a new **serotype-specific** extension to estimate the **force of infection (FOI)** overall and for each dengue virus (**DENV**) serotype. - The analysis found substantial spatial, temporal, and serotype-specific heterogeneity in DENV transmission across Mexico during 2016–2023. - **DENV-1** and **DENV-2** showed historically high transmission intensity across much of Mexico. - **DENV-4** exhibited consistently low transmission intensity throughout the study period. - There was evidence of increasing **DENV-3** transmission intensity in some states in recent years, coinciding with large outbreaks. - Transmission intensity was generally higher in southern coastal and tropical regions, with higher estimates observed in the south in 2023; northern-central regions, especially high-altitude areas, had lower endemic transmission. - The models assume serotypes do not differ in their propensity to cause symptomatic disease and that observed serotype data are representative of circulating serotypes; the authors note these assumptions require validation. - The study highlights the value of extensive RT-PCR testing and new rapid diagnostics able to identify serotypes to improve surveillance and refine transmission estimates. - Aggregated data and code are publicly available on GitHub and Zenodo; individual-level line-list data for 2020–2023 are available from the Mexican Ministry of Health, while 2016–2019 data were obtained from INAI and are available on request. - The authors caution that heterogeneities in case reporting across states and over time may affect serotype-specific FOI estimates and should be explored in future work.

### 27. [Hepatitis C Prevalence and Care Barriers in Adults with Serious Mental Illness: Updated Systematic](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-open-6-pooled-prevalence-risk-factors-and-barriers-to-care-for-hepatitis-c-virus-hcv.md)
- **Source:** BMJ Open | **Published:** 2026-09-03
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Hepatitis C Prevalence and Care Barriers in Adults with Serious Mental Illness: Updated Systematic](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-open-6-pooled-prevalence-risk-factors-and-barriers-to-care-for-hepatitis-c-virus-hcv.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - The review updates a prior meta-analysis that reported an **8% prevalence** of **hepatitis C virus (HCV)** among adults with **serious mental illness (SMI)**, aiming to capture studies published during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. - The protocol will replicate the original methodology and systematically search PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase and Web of Science for studies from 2 July 2020 to 22 June 2026. - Eligible studies are prospective observational and retrospective cross-sectional studies of adults (>18 years) with verified **SMI** diagnoses and laboratory-confirmed **HCV** status. - A dual-reviewer screening process will assess titles, abstracts and full texts; disagreements will be resolved by a third senior investigator. - Methodological quality will be appraised using the **Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies** plus a customised 3-point global assessment. - A **Generalised Linear Mixed Model (GLMM)** with logit transformation will be used for meta-analysis to accommodate heterogeneity and extreme proportions; inconsistency will be quantified with the **I2 statistic**. - Formal ethical clearance is not required because the study synthesises secondary published data. - The review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD420261331799).

### 28. [PCV20 effectiveness varies by baseline pneumonia risk in adults aged ≥65 years](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-2-risk-based-vaccination-reveals-marked-heterogeneity-in-the-clinical-benefit-of.md)
- **Source:** medRxiv (Clinical Preprints) | **Published:** 2026-09-03
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [PCV20 effectiveness varies by baseline pneumonia risk in adults aged ≥65 years](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-2-risk-based-vaccination-reveals-marked-heterogeneity-in-the-clinical-benefit-of.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - The study analyzed electronic health records from 787,538 adults aged ≥65 years to assess real-world effectiveness of the **20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20)**. - Investigators developed and validated a machine-learning model on pre-PCV20 data to predict individual 12-month risk of hospitalization for pneumonia, then used those risk estimates in a propensity score matching framework. - Overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) against pneumonia hospitalization was 16.5% (95% CI, 10.6–22.1), but effect size varied markedly across risk strata. - The lowest 60% by predicted risk (younger, fewer pulmonary or chronic conditions) showed no measurable reduction in hospitalization (VE 3.1%; 95% CI, −14.4 to 18.0) and an estimated 1-year **number needed to vaccinate (NNV)** of 7,423. - Intermediate- and high-risk groups had much lower NNVs — 184 and 115 respectively — indicating substantially greater clinical benefit per vaccination in higher-risk individuals. - Findings suggest that incorporating baseline, individualized risk into adult pneumococcal vaccination strategies could enable more targeted and better-timed use of **PCV20**. - The study used de-identified Clalit Health Services data; the Institutional Review Board approved the research and waived informed consent. Individual-level data are not publicly available and access is restricted to authorized researchers within Clalit’s secure environment. - The authors declared no competing interests and reported European Research Council funding. The preprint was posted September 03, 2026.

### 29. [Mediation analysis of safetxt: did sexual behaviours explain its lack of effect on STI reinfection?](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-19-investigation-of-mediating-effects-of-sexual-behaviours-on-the-effect-of-a.md)
- **Source:** medRxiv (Clinical Preprints) | **Published:** 2026-09-03
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Mediation analysis of safetxt: did sexual behaviours explain its lack of effect on STI reinfection?](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-19-investigation-of-mediating-effects-of-sexual-behaviours-on-the-effect-of-a.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - The study reports a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial testing **safetxt**, a novel digital intervention intended to reduce sexually transmitted infection (STI) reinfections, using mediation methods to assess whether changes in sexual behaviours explained its effect. - The parent trial enrolled 6,248 young people with an STI from 92 UK sexual health clinics and previously found no effect of safetxt on reinfection at 1 year (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.98–1.31). - Investigators examined three candidate mediators: condom use at last sexual encounter, number of sexual partners, and STI testing. These were analysed both individually and jointly. - The analysis applied the counterfactual approach to estimate direct and indirect effects, using regression models and a formal weighting approach; assumptions for each method were considered and tested. - Overall, there was no evidence that safetxt had a total, indirect, or direct effect on reinfection that differed from the null, i.e., mediation through the assessed sexual behaviours was not supported. - In the subgroup of men who have sex with men or with men and women (MSM/MSMW), although not statistically significant, some of safetxt’s apparent effect on reducing reinfection was offset via its effect on number of sexual partners. - The authors conclude that adaptations to safetxt that merely target the examined sexual behaviours are unlikely to improve its overall effect, but reducing the number of sexual partners might improve outcomes for MSM/MSMW. - Trial registration (ISRCTN64390461), ethical approvals (NHS HRA London Riverside REC reference 15/LO/1665; LSHTM references 10464 and 30590), and data sharing commitments are reported. - Funders listed include NIHR PHR Programme, an NIHR pre-doctoral fellowship, and an MRC Programme Grant; authors declared no competing interests.

### 30. [Post-Discharge Experiences of Ebola Virus Disease Survivors in Uganda: Qualitative Findings from M](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-1-post-discharge-experiences-of-survivors-following-the-2022-ebola-virus-disease.md)
- **Source:** medRxiv (Clinical Preprints) | **Published:** 2026-09-03
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Post-Discharge Experiences of Ebola Virus Disease Survivors in Uganda: Qualitative Findings from M](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-1-post-discharge-experiences-of-survivors-following-the-2022-ebola-virus-disease.md)

> **Executive GIST:** - This exploratory qualitative study examined post-discharge experiences of 10 **Ebola Virus Disease** survivors from Mubende district, Uganda, who had lived in the community at least six months after discharge from the Ebola Treatment Unit. - Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital and analyzed by inductive content analysis; the study is a medRxiv preprint and not yet peer reviewed. - Four principal themes emerged: **psychosocial burdens and social exclusion**, **economic hardship and loss of financial stability**, **chronic physical and health burdens post-recovery**, and **rebuilding lives through psychological, social, and medical pathways**. - Survivors reported emotional burdens including survivor guilt, grief, trauma, and anxiety about ongoing transmission risk, alongside experiences of **stigma** and social isolation that limited community participation. - Financial effects included loss of livelihoods, accrued debt, and economic instability, compounded by persistent health problems that interfered with work and income generation. - Chronic physical complaints such as persistent pain and fatigue were described and reported to impede recovery and daily functioning. - Participants sought recovery strategies that included medical follow-up, confirmation of recovery, family and organizational support, and health maintenance practices; supportive medical care and community assistance were identified as crucial for rehabilitation. - The authors conclude that comprehensive medical and community-based support systems are needed for survivor recovery and recommend further research on long-term neurological effects and community reintegration programmes to guide targeted interventions. - Ethical approval was obtained from the Makerere University School of Health Sciences Research and Ethics Committee (MAKSHSREC-2023-497); datasets are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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