---
title: "Antibody–drug conjugate targeting antibiotic‑resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae"
id: "pubmed-42520119"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42520119"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/"
doi: "10.1073/pnas.2534217123"
published_at: "2026-08-04T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Antibody–drug conjugate targeting antibiotic‑resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42520119
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/)
- **DOI:** [10.1073/pnas.2534217123](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.2534217123)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-04T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae is causing rising cases of gonorrhea with increasing **antimicrobial resistance**, creating an urgent need for new therapies. - Researchers developed an **antibody‑drug conjugate (ADC)** that selectively delivers an antimicrobial peptide to the gonococcus. - The antimicrobial payload is an analogue of **Tridecaptin A1** (Oct‑TriA1), a potent Gram‑negative AMP that is otherwise too toxic for direct clinical use. - The ADC uses a monoclonal antibody specific for **MtrE**, the outer membrane component of the gonococcal drug efflux pump that is upregulated in resistant strains, to target the pathogen. - Direct conjugation of Oct‑TriA1 to the antibody did not produce bactericidal activity; the authors introduced a cleavable linker instead. - The linker is cleaved by gonococcal **IgA protease (IgAP)**, an immune‑evasion protease secreted by N. gonorrhoeae, allowing selective release of the AMP at the bacterial surface. - The resulting IgAP‑cleavable ADC shows no detectable toxicity to relevant human cells in the assays reported and kills gonococci in an **MtrE‑ and IgAP‑dependent** manner. - The ADC is active against at least one strain resistant to first‑line agents, demonstrating potential to overcome existing resistance mechanisms. - The platform is modular and could, in principle, be adapted to other bacterial pathogens that secrete proteases to evade immune responses. - Conflicts disclosed: one author is co‑founder and CEO of a company developing ADC linkers; two authors have filed a patent on protease‑cleavable antibody‑peptide conjugates.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42520119%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/af7de7da-df5d-41c6-8de4-8c266af8ccfb/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42520119%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42520119%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Full text links [![Atypon full text link](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--pnas.org-pb-assets-images-pubmed-pnas-pubmed-fulltext.png) Atypon ](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2534217123?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed "See full text options at Atypon") [ Full text links ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#abstract) * [ Conflict of interest statement ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#conflict-of-interest) * [Similar articles](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#similar) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#mesh-terms) * [ Substances ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#substances) * [Related information](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#related-links) * [ Grants and funding ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#grants) * [ LinkOut - more resources ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#linkout) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Similar articles MeSH terms Substances Related information Grants and funding LinkOut - more resources Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) . 2026 Aug 4;123(31):e2534217123. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2534217123. Epub 2026 Jul 28. # An antibody-drug conjugate active against antibiotic-resistant __Neisseria_ gonorrhoeae_ [Hayley Lavender](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lavender+H&cauthor_id=42520119)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#full-view-affiliation-2 "The Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom."), [Vincent Oliver](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Oliver+V&cauthor_id=42520119)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817."), [Daniel Lucy](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lucy+D&cauthor_id=42520119)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom."), [Timothy A Barendt](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Barendt+TA&cauthor_id=42520119)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#full-view-affiliation-5 "School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom."), [Ann E Jerse](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jerse+AE&cauthor_id=42520119)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814."), [Christoph M Tang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tang+CM&cauthor_id=42520119)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom. * 2 The Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom. * 3 Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817. * 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom. * 5 School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. * 6 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814. * PMID: **42520119** * DOI: [ 10.1073/pnas.2534217123 ](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2534217123) Item in Clipboard # An antibody-drug conjugate active against antibiotic-resistant __Neisseria_ gonorrhoeae_ Hayley Lavender et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) . 2026 Aug 4;123(31):e2534217123. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2534217123. Epub 2026 Jul 28. ### Authors [Hayley Lavender](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lavender+H&cauthor_id=42520119)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#short-view-affiliation-2 "The Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom."), [Vincent Oliver](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Oliver+V&cauthor_id=42520119)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817."), [Daniel Lucy](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lucy+D&cauthor_id=42520119)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom."), [Timothy A Barendt](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Barendt+TA&cauthor_id=42520119)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#short-view-affiliation-5 "School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom."), [Ann E Jerse](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jerse+AE&cauthor_id=42520119)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814."), [Christoph M Tang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tang+CM&cauthor_id=42520119)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.") ### Affiliations * 1 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom. * 2 The Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom. * 3 Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817. * 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom. * 5 School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. * 6 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814. * PMID: **42520119** * DOI: [ 10.1073/pnas.2534217123 ](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2534217123) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract __Neisseria_ gonorrhoeae_ is the causative agent of gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection which is rising in incidence, with increasing drug-resistant strains posing a significant public health threat. To address the urgent need for novel therapies, we developed an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets this important human pathogen. We utilized Tridecaptin A1, a potent antimicrobial peptide (AMP) against Gram-negative bacteria that exhibits significant toxicity against human cells, limiting its development for clinical use. By conjugating the Tridecaptin A1 analogue, Oct-TriA1 to a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that specifically targets gonococcal MtrE, the outer membrane component of a drug efflux pump that is upregulated in resistant strains, we aim to selectively deliver the AMP to the gonococcus. However, Oct-TriA1 was not bactericidal when directly conjugated to mAb. To circumvent this, we exploited an immune evasion mechanism employed by the gonococcus by introducing a linker between Oct-TriA1 and the mAb which is specifically cleaved by the IgA protease (IgAP) secreted by the gonococcus; the IgAP inactivates human IgA. This ADC has no detectable toxicity for relevant human cells, kills the gonococcus in an MtrE- and IgAP-dependent manner, and is active against a strain which is resistant to first line agents. This modular ADC platform could be extended to other bacterial pathogens which employ proteases to evade immune killing, offering a strategy in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. **Keywords:** IgA protease; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; antibody–drug conjugate; antimicrobial peptide; antimicrobial resistance. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Competing interests statement:D.L. is a co-founder and CEO of Siftr Bio, a spin-out company engaged in the development of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) linkers. This affiliation does not influence the content or conclusions of this publication. The viewpoints expressed in this presentation do not reflect the opinions of the United States government, the Uniformed Services University, or the United States Department of War., Yes, the authors have stock ownership to disclose, H.L. and C.M.T. declare that they have filed a patent on protease cleavable Antibody-peptide-conjugates (Ref: PCT/GB2023/052591, PCT filing date: 06 Oct 2023). ## Similar articles * [ Antimicrobial activity of natural quinone-methide triterpenoids celastrol and pristimerin against pathogenic _Neisseria_. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41467812/) Ascari A, Taha, Davis RA, Seib KL, Semchenko EA.Ascari A, et al.Microbiol Spectr. 2026 Feb 3;14(2):e0272425. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02724-25. Epub 2025 Dec 30.Microbiol Spectr. 2026.PMID: 41467812Free PMC article. * [ Terminal complement complexes with or without C9 potentiate antimicrobial activity against _Neisseria gonorrhoeae_. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40162779/) Lamb ER, Criss AK.Lamb ER, et al.mBio. 2025 May 14;16(5):e0014125. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00141-25. Epub 2025 Mar 31.mBio. 2025.PMID: 40162779Free PMC article. * [ A laboratory-based predictive pathway for the development of _Neisseria gonorrhoeae_ high-level resistance to corallopyronin A, an inhibitor of bacterial RNA polymerase. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38647280/) Balthazar JT, Golparian D, Unemo M, Read TD, Grosse M, Stadler M, Pfarr K, Schiefer A, Hoerauf A, Edwards JL, Vassylyev DG, Shafer WM.Balthazar JT, et al.Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Jun 4;12(6):e0056024. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00560-24. Epub 2024 Apr 22.Microbiol Spectr. 2024.PMID: 38647280Free PMC article. * [ Azithromycin resistant gonococci: a literature review. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32811545/) Derbie A, Mekonnen D, Woldeamanuel Y, Abebe T.Derbie A, et al.Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020 Aug 18;9(1):138. doi: 10.1186/s13756-020-00805-7.Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020.PMID: 32811545Free PMC article.Review. * [ [Unveiling Neisseria gonorrhoeae Survival: Genetic Variability, Pathogenesis, and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance]. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39970089/) Shaskolskiy BL, Kandinov ID, Gryadunov DA, Kravtsov DV.Shaskolskiy BL, et al.Mol Biol (Mosk). 2024 Nov-Dec;58(6):887-926. doi: 10.31857/S0026898424060032.Mol Biol (Mosk). 2024.PMID: 39970089Review.Russian. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42520119) ## MeSH terms * Anti-Bacterial Agents* / chemistry Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents%2Fchemistry%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Anti-Bacterial+Agents) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) * Anti-Bacterial Agents* / pharmacology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents%2Fpharmacology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Anti-Bacterial+Agents) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) * Antibodies, Monoclonal / chemistry Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal%2Fchemistry%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) * Antibodies, Monoclonal / pharmacology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal%2Fpharmacology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) * Antimicrobial Peptides* / chemistry Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Antimicrobial+Peptides%2Fchemistry%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Antimicrobial+Peptides) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) * Antimicrobial Peptides* / pharmacology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Antimicrobial+Peptides%2Fpharmacology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Antimicrobial+Peptides) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520119/) * Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bacterial+Outer+Membrane+Proteins%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncb
## Related Clinical Research

- [Extracellular microRNAs in serum and EVs as candidate biomarkers for Chlamydia trachomatis reinfec](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-15-evaluation-of-extracellular-micrornas-as-potential-biomarker-candidates-for.md)
- [Genomic epidemiology and emerging antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Paratyphi A from Australi](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-13-genomic-epidemiology-and-emerging-antimicrobial-resistance-profiles-of.md)
- [Azithromycin versus doxycycline with beta-lactams for hospitalised community-acquired pneumonia: t](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-open-4-azithromycin-versus-doxycycline-in-hospitalised-adult-patients-with-community.md)
- [In vitro activity of gepotidacin combinations against Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42390436.md) (DOI: 10.1128/aac.00059-26)
- [Five-year biannual azithromycin MDA did not lower overall enteric fever seroincidence in Niger](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-2-effect-of-five-years-of-biannual-azithromycin-mass-drug-administration-on.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Infectious Disease Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.