---
title: "Antimicrobial resistance trends in Neisseria gonorrhoeae among MSM and doxycycline PEP implications"
id: "pubmed-42788724"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42788724"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/"
doi: "10.1128/jcm.00965-26"
published_at: "2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Antimicrobial resistance trends in Neisseria gonorrhoeae among MSM and doxycycline PEP implications
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42788724
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/)
- **DOI:** [10.1128/jcm.00965-26](https://doi.org/10.1128%2Fjcm.00965-26)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Study reviewed antimicrobial resistance in **Neisseria gonorrhoeae** isolates from men who have sex with men (MSM) at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre between 2015 and 2024. - Dataset comprised 11,334 isolates from 6,611 MSM. - Resistance classifications used 2025 EUCAST breakpoints and epidemiological cutoff values. - Statistical methods included Cochran-Armitage tests for trend and chi-square tests for comparing tetracycline resistance by doxyPEP use. - **Ceftriaxone** resistance was very rare: 3 of 11,334 isolates (0.03%). - Acquired **azithromycin** resistance mechanisms rose from 0.9% (8/940) in 2015 to 6.4% (102/1,584) in 2024 (P trend < 0.001), exceeding the 5% WHO threshold for discontinuing empirical use. - **Ciprofloxacin** resistance increased markedly, reported from 18.5% (170/920) in 2015 to 55.2% (875/1,584) in 2024. The abstract truncates here and further numerical details or context for later years are not reported in the provided source excerpt. - The study stratified trends by HIV and PrEP status; specific stratified results were not included in the provided text. - The analysis included assessment of tetracycline resistance in relation to **doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP)**; results of that comparison were not reported in the excerpt. - Overall, the findings indicate rising resistance to azithromycin and ciprofloxacin among MSM isolates over the 10-year period, with continued low prevalence of ceftriaxone resistance. Additional detailed outcomes, subgroup analyses, and doxyPEP-related tetracycline resistance data were not reported in the available abstract.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42788724%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8267210f-05e7-427e-8182-362dc216972f/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42788724%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42788724%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Experimental Resource Linked Discoveries ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#abstract) Title & authors Abstract J Clin Microbiol Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Clin+Microbiol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Clin+Microbiol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/) . 2026 Sep 25:e0096526. doi: 10.1128/jcm.00965-26. Online ahead of print. # Antimicrobial resistance in _Neisseria gonorrhoeae_ among men who have sex with men: a 10-year analysis with implications for doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis [Phyu Mon Latt](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Latt+PM&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-2 "School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Ei T Aung](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aung+ET&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-2 "School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Nyi Nyi Soe](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Soe+NN&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-2 "School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Norelle L Sherry](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sherry+NL&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Centre for Pathogen Genomics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Ivette Aguirre](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aguirre+I&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Vesna De Petra](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=De+Petra+V&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Fabian Y S Kong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kong+FYS&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Eloise Williams](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Williams+E&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.")[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-7 "Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.")[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-8 "Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Paula Roydhouse](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Roydhouse+P&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Eric P F Chow](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chow+EPF&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-2 "School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.")[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. * 2 School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. * 3 Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. * 4 Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia. * 5 Centre for Pathogen Genomics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. * 6 Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. * 7 Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. * 8 Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. * PMID: **42788724** * DOI: [ 10.1128/jcm.00965-26 ](https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00965-26) Item in Clipboard # Antimicrobial resistance in _Neisseria gonorrhoeae_ among men who have sex with men: a 10-year analysis with implications for doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis Phyu Mon Latt et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID J Clin Microbiol Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Clin+Microbiol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Clin+Microbiol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/) . 2026 Sep 25:e0096526. doi: 10.1128/jcm.00965-26. Online ahead of print. ### Authors [Phyu Mon Latt](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Latt+PM&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-2 "School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Ei T Aung](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aung+ET&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-2 "School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Nyi Nyi Soe](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Soe+NN&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-2 "School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Norelle L Sherry](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sherry+NL&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Centre for Pathogen Genomics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Ivette Aguirre](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aguirre+I&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Vesna De Petra](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=De+Petra+V&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Fabian Y S Kong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kong+FYS&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Eloise Williams](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Williams+E&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.")[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-7 "Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.")[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-8 "Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Paula Roydhouse](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Roydhouse+P&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."), [Eric P F Chow](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chow+EPF&cauthor_id=42788724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-2 "School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.")[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42788724/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.") ### Affiliations * 1 Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. * 2 School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. * 3 Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. * 4 Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia. * 5 Centre for Pathogen Genomics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. * 6 Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. * 7 Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. * 8 Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. * PMID: **42788724** * DOI: [ 10.1128/jcm.00965-26 ](https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00965-26) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract The implementation of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis may influence antimicrobial resistance in _Neisseria gonorrhoeae_ among men who have sex with men (MSM). We examined trends in antimicrobial resistance among MSM, stratified by HIV and PrEP status, and assessed tetracycline resistance in relation to doxyPEP use. We included all MSM with an _N. gonorrhoeae_ isolate at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) between 2015 and 2024. Resistance was defined using 2025 EUCAST breakpoints and epidemiological cutoff values. Trends were assessed using the Cochran-Armitage test, and tetracycline resistance was compared between doxyPEP users and non-users using the chi-square test. A total of 11,334 isolates from 6,611 MSM were included. Ceftriaxone resistance remained rare (3/11,334; 0.03%). The proportion of isolates with acquired azithromycin resistance mechanisms increased from 0.9% (8/940) in 2015 to 6.4% (102/1,584) in 2024 (_P_ trend < 0.001), above the 5% level at which the WHO recommends that an antimicrobial no longer be used for empirical treatment. Ciprofloxacin resistance increased substantially, from 18.5% (170/920) to 55.2% (875/1,584)
## Related Clinical Research

- [EMERGENe: Phylogenetic framework to estimate bacterial trait emergence and expansion](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-1-estimating-emergence-rates-of-epidemiologically-relevant-traits-in-bacteria.md)
- [Genomic epidemiology and emerging antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Paratyphi A from Australi](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-13-genomic-epidemiology-and-emerging-antimicrobial-resistance-profiles-of.md)
- [In vitro activity of gepotidacin combinations against Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42390436.md) (DOI: 10.1128/aac.00059-26)
- [Antimicrobial resistance and whole-genome sequencing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates, Bangrak ST](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42550164.md) (DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkag260)
- [Tuberculosis screening and tuberculin skin test performance in adults with inborn errors of immuni](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/frontiers-in-immunology-11-tuberculosis-screening-in-adult-patients-with-inborn-errors-of-immunity-a.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Infectious Disease Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.