---
title: "Austrian veterinarians' knowledge, attitudes and practices on antibiotic use and AMR"
id: "pubmed-41334627"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-41334627"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/"
doi: "10.1002/vetr.6121"
published_at: "2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Austrian veterinarians' knowledge, attitudes and practices on antibiotic use and AMR
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-41334627
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/)
- **DOI:** [10.1002/vetr.6121](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fvetr.6121)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- An online survey conducted in 2022 assessed Austrian veterinarians' **antimicrobial use (AMU)** knowledge, attitudes and practices related to **antimicrobial resistance (AMR)** across companion animal, farm and mixed practices. - Knowledge gaps were most pronounced among **companion animal veterinarians**: only 31% correctly identified cefovecin as a critically important antimicrobial and 16% incorrectly reported it as a first-choice drug. - Most respondents (75% of 165) correctly ranked treating groups of animals with orally administered antibiotics as having the highest influence on AMR. - Clinical examination was considered important or very important by all practitioners when deciding to use antibiotics; however, companion animal practitioners rated cost and owner expectations as significantly less influential than farm and mixed practitioners. - Of 180 veterinarians surveyed, 47% reported using **antimicrobial susceptibility testing** always or regularly, estimated at roughly 20%–50% of antibiotic treatments. - The authors note a limitation of small sample size and potential response bias, as clinicians interested in AMU/AMR may have been more likely to participate. - The study concludes that additional training and stewardship efforts are needed across veterinary sectors in Austria, with priority on knowledge gaps among companion animal clinicians. - Publication details: Vet Rec. 2026 Sep 5;199(5):e250–e261. DOI 10.1002/vetr.6121. Epub 2025 Dec 3.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2025 Dec 3. # 'Knowledge, attitudes and practices' survey of Austrian veterinarians' antibiotic use in clinical practice [Clair L Firth](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Firth+CL&cauthor_id=41334627)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria."), [Patricia Mayer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mayer+P&cauthor_id=41334627)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria."), [Annemarie Käsbohrer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=K%C3%A4sbohrer+A&cauthor_id=41334627)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Unit Epidemiology, Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistance, Berlin, Germany."), [Tanja Tripolt](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tripolt+T&cauthor_id=41334627)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria."), [Klemens Fuchs](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fuchs+K&cauthor_id=41334627)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria. * 2 Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Unit Epidemiology, Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistance, Berlin, Germany. * 3 Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria. * PMID: **41334627** * DOI: [ 10.1002/vetr.6121 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.6121) Item in Clipboard # 'Knowledge, attitudes and practices' survey of Austrian veterinarians' antibiotic use in clinical practice Clair L Firth et al. Vet Rec. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Vet Rec Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vet+Rec%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Vet+Rec%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/) . 2026 Sep 5;199(5):e250-e261. doi: 10.1002/vetr.6121. Epub 2025 Dec 3. ### Authors [Clair L Firth](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Firth+CL&cauthor_id=41334627)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria."), [Patricia Mayer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mayer+P&cauthor_id=41334627)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria."), [Annemarie Käsbohrer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=K%C3%A4sbohrer+A&cauthor_id=41334627)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Unit Epidemiology, Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistance, Berlin, Germany."), [Tanja Tripolt](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tripolt+T&cauthor_id=41334627)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria."), [Klemens Fuchs](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fuchs+K&cauthor_id=41334627)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria.") ### Affiliations * 1 Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria. * 2 Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Unit Epidemiology, Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistance, Berlin, Germany. * 3 Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria. * PMID: **41334627** * DOI: [ 10.1002/vetr.6121 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.6121) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health issue, with antimicrobial use (AMU) in veterinary medicine playing a relevant role in its emergence. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Austrian veterinarians regarding AMU and AMR. **Methods:** An online survey was conducted in 2022. Veterinary respondents were grouped according to their type of practice (companion animals, i.e., pets and horses; farm; mixed practice). **Results:** Knowledge gaps were identified, particularly among companion animal veterinarians, with only 31% correctly recognising cefovecin as a critically important antimicrobial and 16% incorrectly stating it was a first-choice drug. However, treating groups of animals with orally administered antibiotics was correctly classed as having the highest influence on AMR by 75% of 165 respondents. With respect to deciding to use antibiotics, all practitioners considered a clinical examination to be important or very important, while cost considerations and owner expectations were classed by companion animal practitioners as being significantly less important than among farm and mixed practitioners. Of all 180 veterinarians, 47% reported using antimicrobial susceptibility testing always or regularly (approximately 20%‒50% of antibiotic treatments). **Limitations:** The small sample size may have introduced confirmation bias, as practitioners with a particular interest in AMU and AMR may have been more likely to respond to the survey. **Conclusion:** The findings confirm the need for additional training to improve prudent AMU and awareness of antimicrobial stewardship in clinical practice across all veterinary sectors in Austria. Future efforts should prioritise the knowledge gaps among companion animal practitioners, in particular. © 2025 The Author(s). Veterinary Record published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Veterinary Association. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Assessment of Antimicrobial Use for Companion Animals in South Korea: Developing Defined Daily Doses and Investigating Veterinarians' Perception of AMR. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39858260/) Kim SM, Kim HS, Kim JW, Min KD.Kim SM, et al.Animals (Basel). 2025 Jan 17;15(2):260. doi: 10.3390/ani15020260.Animals (Basel). 2025.PMID: 39858260Free PMC article. * [ Factors influencing Scottish dairy farmers' antimicrobial usage, knowledge and attitude towards antimicrobial resistance. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37952280/) Borelli E, Ellis K, Pamphilis NM, Tomlinson M, Hotchkiss E.Borelli E, et al.Prev Vet Med. 2023 Dec;221:106073. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106073. Epub 2023 Nov 9.Prev Vet Med. 2023.PMID: 37952280 * [ Attitudes and perceptions of Dutch companion animal veterinarians towards antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31421495/) Hopman NEM, Mughini-Gras L, Speksnijder DC, Wagenaar JA, van Geijlswijk IM, Broens EM.Hopman NEM, et al.Prev Vet Med. 2019 Oct 1;170:104717. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104717. Epub 2019 Jun 29.Prev Vet Med. 2019.PMID: 31421495 * [ Scoping review of approaches for improving antimicrobial stewardship in livestock farmers and veterinarians. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32438205/) Gozdzielewska L, King C, Flowers P, Mellor D, Dunlop P, Price L.Gozdzielewska L, et al.Prev Vet Med. 2020 Jul;180:105025. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105025. Epub 2020 May 11.Prev Vet Med. 2020.PMID: 32438205 * [ Understanding how veterinarians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices influence antibiotic prescription: a systematic review of survey studies. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40993662/) Sousa A, de Rago L, Pinho JO, Estrela M, Coelho AC, Oliveira PA, Figueiras A, Roque F, Herdeiro MT.Sousa A, et al.BMC Vet Res. 2025 Sep 24;21(1):543. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-05001-6.BMC Vet Res. 2025.PMID: 40993662Free PMC article. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=41334627) ## References 1. 1. Naghavi M, Vollset SE, Ikuta KS, Swetschinski LR, Gray AP, Wool EE, et al. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050. Lancet. 2024;404(10459):1199‒1226. 2. 1. Endtz HP, Ruijs GJ, van Klingeren B, Jansen WH, van der Reyden T, Mouton RP. Quinolone resistance in campylobacter isolated from man and poultry following the introduction of fluoroquinolones in veterinary medicine. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1991;27(2):199–208. 3. 1. WHO, FAO, OIE, UNEP. Strategic framework for collaboration on antimicrobial resistance—together for One Health [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Oct 7]. Available from: [https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/352625/9789240045408‐eng.pdf...](https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/352625/9789240045408%E2%80%90eng.pdf?sequence=1) 4. 1. European Medicines Agency. European surveillance of veterinary antimicrobial consumption (ESVAC): 2009‒2023 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Mar 2]. Available from: [https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/veterinary‐regulatory‐overview/antimicrobia...](https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/veterinary%E2%80%90regulatory%E2%80%90overview/antimicrobial%E2%80%90resistance%E2%80%90veterinary%E2%80%90medicine/european%E2%80%90surveillance%E2%80%90veterinary%E2%80%90antimicrobial%E2%80%90consumption%E2%80%90esvac%E2%80%902009%E2%80%902023) 5. 1. European Medicines Agency. European sales and use of antimicrobials for veterinary medicine: annual surveillance report for 2023. EMA/CVMP/ESUAVET/80289/2025 [Internet]. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union; 2025 [cited 2025 May 4]. Available from: Show all 30 references ## MeSH terms * Animals Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Animals) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/) * Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Anti-Bacterial+Agents) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/) * Austria Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Austria%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Austria) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/) * Female Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/) * Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Health+Knowledge%2C+Attitudes%2C+Practice%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Health+Knowledge%2C+Attitudes%2C+Practice) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/) * Male Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/) * Surveys and Questionnaires Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Surveys+and+Questionnaires%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Surveys+and+Questionnaires) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41334627/) * Veterinarians* / psychology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Veterinarians%2Fpsychology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m
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