---
title: "Circulating miRNA Signature Distinguishes SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Mild Cases"
id: "biorxiv-10-upregulation-of-distinct-mirnas-in-sars-cov-2-infected-individuals-a"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-10-upregulation-of-distinct-mirnas-in-sars-cov-2-infected-individuals-a"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)"
source_url: "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.02.742360v1?rss=1"
published_at: "2026-08-04T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Verified Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Circulating miRNA Signature Distinguishes SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Mild Cases
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-10-upregulation-of-distinct-mirnas-in-sars-cov-2-infected-individuals-a
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.02.742360v1?rss=1)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-04T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Verified Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The study profiled circulating plasma **miRNAs** in individuals with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with uninfected controls to identify molecular biomarkers for early detection and surveillance. - Seven miRNAs were significantly upregulated in infected patients: **miR-126**, **miR-146b-5p**, **miR-223-5p**, **miR-144-3p**, **miR-22**, **miR-146a**, and **miR-30c**. - Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed variable discriminatory performance across miRNAs: **miR-30c** had the highest overall accuracy (AUC 0.771) with maximal sensitivity (100%), while **miR-126** had the highest specificity (100%, AUC 0.763). - Other upregulated miRNAs (miR-146b-5p, miR-223-5p, miR-146a, miR-144-3p, miR-22) had intermediate accuracy (AUCs 0.684–0.719); miR-21-5p and miR-155 showed limited discrimination (AUCs 0.606 and 0.517). - Network and enrichment analyses predicted that these upregulated miRNAs target immune-related genes including CXCL12, IRAK1, TRAF6, STAT1, JAK1, NOTCH1, SMAD4, and BCL2L11. - Functional enrichment aligned the miRNA targets with transcriptomic changes reported in SARS-CoV-2–infected Calu-3 cells, such as FOXO3, JAK2, STAT1, and SIRT1. - The cohort was predominantly vaccinated and comprised non-hospitalized, mild/asymptomatic cases; authors note the need for validation in larger, independent, and clinically diverse cohorts before clinical application. - These results highlight a potential circulating **miRNA signature** associated with mild COVID-19 that may reflect early host immune responses and offer candidate molecular markers for surveillance pending further study.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Albuquerque, Ana Paula Melo Mariano, João Carlos Teixeira Dias, [ View ORCID Profile](http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-6722)Galileu Barbosa Costa, Carla Martins Kaneto doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.02.742360 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. Iris Terezinha Santos de Santana Silva 1 Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Iris%2BTerezinha%2BSantos%2Bde%2BSantana%2BSilva%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Santos%20de%20Santana%20Silva%20IT&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AIris%2BTerezinha%2BSantos%2Bde%2BSantana%2BSilva%2B) Sandra Rocha Gadelha 2 Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Departamento de Ciencias da Saude; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Sandra%2BRocha%2BGadelha%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Rocha%20Gadelha%20S&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ASandra%2BRocha%2BGadelha%2B) Hllytchaikra Ferraz Fehlberg 1 Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Hllytchaikra%2BFerraz%2BFehlberg%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ferraz%20Fehlberg%20H&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AHllytchaikra%2BFerraz%2BFehlberg%2B) Fabricio Barbosa Ferreira 1 Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Fabricio%2BBarbosa%2BFerreira%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Barbosa%20Ferreira%20F&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AFabricio%2BBarbosa%2BFerreira%2B) Mylene de Melo Silva 1 Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Mylene%2Bde%2BMelo%2BSilva%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=de%20Melo%20Silva%20M&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AMylene%2Bde%2BMelo%2BSilva%2B) Rachel Passos Rezende 3 Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Rachel%2BPassos%2BRezende%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Rezende%20RP&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ARachel%2BPassos%2BRezende%2B) George R. 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Here, we profiled circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in plasma samples from individuals with asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 and uninfected controls. Seven miRNAs were significantly upregulated in infected patients (miR-126, miR-146b-5p, miR-223-5p, miR-144-3p, miR-22, miR-146a, and miR-30c). ROC curve analysis revealed heterogeneous diagnostic performance: miR-30c achieved the highest overall discriminatory accuracy (AUC = 0.771) with maximum sensitivity (100.0%), while miR-126 provided the highest specificity (100.0%, AUC = 0.763). Other miRNAs, including miR-146b-5p, miR-223-5p, miR-146a, miR-144-3p, and miR-22, showed intermediate accuracy (AUCs 0.684–0.719), whereas miR-21-5p and miR-155 displayed limited discriminatory power (AUCs 0.606 and 0.517, respectively). Predictive interaction network analysis indicated that the upregulated miRNAs target key immune-related genes (CXCL12, IRAK1, TRAF6, STAT1, JAK1, NOTCH1, SMAD4, and BCL2L11), and functional enrichment revealed convergence with transcriptomic profiles from SARS-CoV-2-infected Calu-3 cells, including FOXO3, JAK2, STAT1, and SIRT1. Collectively, these findings point out for potential miRNA signatures associated with mild, non-hospitalized COVID-19 in a predominantly vaccinated cohort but requiring further investigation as molecular markers of early host responses in larger, independent, and clinically diverse cohorts. Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a [CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). bioRxiv and medRxiv thank the following for their generous financial support: > The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the Sergey Brin Family Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, The University of Edinburgh, University of Washington, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. [Donate to openRxiv ](https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/donation-form/donate-to-make-a-difference-10981) [ Back to top](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.02.742360v1?rss=1#page) [ Previous](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.715138v3 "Spatial ligand-receptor gene annotations carry conditional heritability association across human tissues")[Next ](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620144v4 "Syntaxin11 Deficiency Inhibits CRAC Channel Priming to Suppress Cytotoxicity and Gene Expression in T Lymphocytes Independent of Membrane Trafficking.") Posted August 04, 2026. [ Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.02.742360v1.full.pdf) Print/Save Options [Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/04/2026.08.02.742360.full.pdf)Full Text & In-line FiguresXML [More Info](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#PrintOptions "More Information on Print/Save Options") [ Email](https://www.biorxiv.org/ "Email this Article") [ Share](https://www.biorxiv.org/) Upregulation of distinct miRNAs in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals: A differential signature of circulating miRNAs Iris Terezinha Santos de Santana Silva, Sandra Rocha Gadelha, Hllytchaikra Ferraz Fehlberg, Fabricio Barbosa Ferreira, Mylene de Melo Silva, Rachel Passos Rezende, George R. Albuquerque, Ana Paula Melo Mariano, João Carlos Teixeira Dias, Galileu Barbosa Costa, Carla Martins Kaneto bioRxiv 2026.08.02.742360; doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.02.742360 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. Share This Article: Copy [![
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