---
title: "High-dose versus standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine immunogenicity in people living with"
id: "pubmed-42753388"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42753388"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/"
doi: "10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129166"
published_at: "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# High-dose versus standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine immunogenicity in people living with
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42753388
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129166](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2026.129166)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial comparing **high-dose IIV4** (60 μg, Efluelda) with **standard-dose IIV4** (15 μg, Vaxigrip Tetra) in adults living with HIV. - Vaccinations administered August–December 2023; seroprotection (SP) defined as hemagglutination-inhibition titer ≥1:40 at one month post-vaccination. - 110 participants enrolled; 103 included in per-protocol analysis (52 HD; 51 SD); mean age 49.6 years and 63.1% male. - Median CD4 count 555 cells/mm3; 93.2% virologically suppressed; 57.3% on integrase inhibitor–based ART. - Overall SP to all four strains achieved by 50.5% of participants; **high-dose IIV4** group had higher overall SP than SD (61.5% vs. 39.2%, p=0.02). - Strain-specific benefit seen for **A/H3N2**: SP 76.9% with HD versus 52.9% with SD (p=0.01). - Multivariable logistic regression identified receipt of **high-dose IIV4** (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.9–6.1, p=0.02) and female sex (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.9, p=0.04) as independent predictors of SP against all strains. - Adverse events occurred in 55.8% of HD and 58.8% of SD recipients (p=0.75); local reactions were most common and no severe vaccine-related events reported. - Authors concluded HD IIV4 boosted immunogenicity against **A/H3N2** without increasing adverse events and recommended further studies to evaluate clinical effectiveness (trial registry TCTR20230501002).
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#article-details) ### NIH Websites Are Changing * [Get the Latest Updates and FAQs on the transition](https://www.nih.gov/web-modernization) * Per [Executive Order 14434](https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/09/inaugurating-the-era-of-super-intelligence/), federal agencies are now using "Super Intelligence" (SI) in place of "Artificial Intelligence" (AI). You may see both terms across NIH content during this transition. ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42753388%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/a447896c-976f-490b-b86b-2668b65114a8/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42753388%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42753388%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Full text links [![Elsevier Science full text link](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-PubMedLink.gif) Elsevier Science ](https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264-410X\(26\)00975-8 "See full text options at Elsevier Science") [ Full text links ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Experimental Resource Linked Discoveries ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#abstract) * [ Conflict of interest statement ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#conflict-of-interest) * [Similar articles](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#similar) * [ Publication types ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#publication-types) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#mesh-terms) * [ Substances ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#substances) * [Related information](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#related-links) * [ LinkOut - more resources ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#linkout) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Similar articles Publication types MeSH terms Substances Related information LinkOut - more resources Randomized Controlled Trial Vaccine Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vaccine%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Vaccine%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) . 2026 Oct 24:92:129166. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129166. Epub 2026 Sep 17. # Immunogenicity and safety of high-dose versus standard-dose quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in patients living with HIV: a randomized controlled trial [Nutchaya Laoharattanahirun](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Laoharattanahirun+N&cauthor_id=42753388)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."), [Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kiertiburanakul+S&cauthor_id=42753388)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."), [Kobporn Boonnak](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Boonnak+K&cauthor_id=42753388)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."), [Jackrapong Bruminhent](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bruminhent+J&cauthor_id=42753388)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: jackrapong.brm@mahidol.ac.th.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. * 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. * 3 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. * 4 Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: jackrapong.brm@mahidol.ac.th. * PMID: **42753388** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129166 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129166) Item in Clipboard Randomized Controlled Trial # Immunogenicity and safety of high-dose versus standard-dose quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in patients living with HIV: a randomized controlled trial Nutchaya Laoharattanahirun et al. Vaccine. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Vaccine Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vaccine%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Vaccine%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) . 2026 Oct 24:92:129166. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129166. Epub 2026 Sep 17. ### Authors [Nutchaya Laoharattanahirun](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Laoharattanahirun+N&cauthor_id=42753388)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."), [Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kiertiburanakul+S&cauthor_id=42753388)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."), [Kobporn Boonnak](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Boonnak+K&cauthor_id=42753388)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."), [Jackrapong Bruminhent](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bruminhent+J&cauthor_id=42753388)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: jackrapong.brm@mahidol.ac.th.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. * 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. * 3 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. * 4 Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: jackrapong.brm@mahidol.ac.th. * PMID: **42753388** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129166 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129166) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract Influenza remains a major cause of morbidity in people living with HIV (PLWH), and despite recommendations for annual vaccination with the standard-dose (SD) quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4), immune responses are often suboptimal in this population. To address this gap, we conducted a randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial to compare the immunogenicity and safety of the high-dose (HD) IIV4 (60 μg, Efluelda, Sanofi) with the SD IIV4 (15 μg, Vaxigrip Tetra, Sanofi). Vaccinations were administered between August and December 2023, and seroprotection (SP) was defined as a hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer ≥1:40 at one month post-vaccination. Adverse events (AEs) were actively monitored. Of 110 participants enrolled, 103 were included in the per-protocol analysis (52 HD; 51 SD). The mean age was 49.6 years, 63.1% were male, and the median CD4 count was 555 cells/mm3. Most participants were virologically suppressed (93.2%), and more than half were receiving integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimens (57.3%). Overall, 50.5% of participants achieved SP to all four vaccine strains. The HD group demonstrated significantly higher overall SP compared with the SD group (61.5% vs. 39.2%, p = 0.02). In strain-specific analyses, a significantly higher seroprotection rate was observed for A/H3N2 (76.9% vs. 52.9%, p = 0.01). In multivariable logistic regression, receipt of HD IIV4 (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.9-6.1, p = 0.02) and female sex (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.9, p = 0.04) were independently associated with SP against all strains. AEs were reported in 55.8% of HD and 58.8% of SD recipients (p = 0.75), most commonly local reactions, with no severe vaccine-related events observed. In conclusion, HD IIV4 enhanced immunogenicity against the vaccine A/H3N2 strain compared with SD IIV4, without increasing the risk of adverse events compared to SD IIV4. These findings suggest that HD IIV4 may enhance immunogenicity in PLWH and warrant further investigation in studies evaluating clinical effectiveness (TCTR20230501002). **Keywords:** Immunogenicity; Influenza vaccine; PLWH; Seroconversion; Seroprotection. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## Similar articles * [ Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine compared with a standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine in healthy people aged 60 years or older: a randomized Phase III trial. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34714720/) Pepin S, Nicolas JF, Szymanski H, Leroux-Roels I, Schaum T, Bonten M, Icardi G, Shrestha A, Tabar C; QHD00011 study team.Pepin S, et al.Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Dec 2;17(12):5475-5486. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1983387. Epub 2021 Oct 29.Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021.PMID: 34714720Free PMC article.Clinical Trial. * [ Safety and immunogenicity of high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine in adults ≥65 years of age: A phase 3 randomized clinical trial. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31431411/) Chang LJ, Meng Y, Janosczyk H, Landolfi V, Talbot HK; QHD00013 Study Group.Chang LJ, et al.Vaccine. 2019 Sep 16;37(39):5825-5834. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.016. Epub 2019 Aug 17.Vaccine. 2019.PMID: 31431411Clinical Trial. * [ Safety and immunogenicity of high doses of quadrivalent influenza vaccine in children 6 months through <18 years of age: A randomized controlled phase II dose-finding trial. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33610374/) Chang LJ, Anderson EJ, Jeanfreau R, He Y, Hicks B, Shrestha A, Pandey A, Landolfi V, DeBruijn I; QHD04 Study Group.Chang LJ, et al.Vaccine. 2021 Mar 12;39(11):1572-1582. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.014. Epub 2021 Feb 18.Vaccine. 2021.PMID: 33610374Clinical Trial. * [ Safety, immunogenicity, and lot-to-lot consistency of a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in children, adolescents, and adults: A randomized, controlled, phase III trial. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25843270/) Cadorna-Carlos JB, Nolan T, Borja-Tabora CF, Santos J, Montalban MC, de Looze FJ, Eizenberg P, Hall S, Dupuy M, Hutagalung Y, Pépin S, Saville M.Cadorna-Carlos JB, et al.Vaccine. 2015 May 15;33(21):2485-92. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.065. Epub 2015 Apr 2.Vaccine. 2015.PMID: 25843270Clinical Trial. * [ High-Dose Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Quadrivalent for Older Adults. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32578447/) Chahine EB.Chahine EB.Ann Pharmacother. 2021 Jan;55(1):89-97. doi: 10.1177/1060028020935645. Epub 2020 Jun 24.Ann Pharmacother. 2021.PMID: 32578447Review. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42753388) ## Publication types * Randomized Controlled Trial Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Randomized+Controlled+Trial%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Randomized+Controlled+Trial) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) * Comparative Study Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Comparative+Study%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Comparative+Study) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) ## MeSH terms * Adult Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adult%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adult) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) * Antibodies, Viral / blood Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Viral%2Fblood%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Antibodies%2C+Viral) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) * Female Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) * HIV Infections* / immunology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22HIV+Infections%2Fimmunology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=HIV+Infections) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) * Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hemagglutination+Inhibition+Tests%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Hemagglutination+Inhibition+Tests) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) * Immunogenicity, Vaccine* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Immunogenicity%2C+Vaccine%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Immunogenicity%2C+Vaccine) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753388/) * Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / immunology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Influenza+A+Virus%2C+H3N2+Subtype%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Influenza+A+Virus%2C+H3N2+Subt
## Related Clinical Research

- [Scrub Typhus Presenting with Typhoid-Like Bone Marrow Changes in an MDS Patient, China 2025](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/cdc-emerging-infectious-diseases-journal-1-typhoid-fever-like-manifestation-of-scrub-typhus-in-patient-with.md)
- [Systemic Spiroplasma turonicum Infection Presenting as Knee Arthritis and Bacteremia](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/cdc-emerging-infectious-diseases-journal-4-systemic-spiroplasma-turonicum-infection-manifested-as-knee-arthritis-france.md)
- [Immunogenicity of Sequential Conjugate and Non-Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccination in Dialysis and](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/frontiers-in-immunology-16-immunogenicity-of-sequential-conjugate-and-non-conjugate-pneumococcal.md)
- [Gonococcal OMV Vaccine Candidate Shows Persistent Immunity in Three Mouse Strains and Comparable I](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/frontiers-in-immunology-15-a-candidate-gonococcal-outer-membrane-vesicle-vaccine-which-induces-persistent.md)
- [CD4+ Recovery and Exposure History Determine Virus-Specific Antibody Function in People with HIV](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-3-immune-reconstitution-and-antigenic-exposure-history-shape-virus-specific.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Infectious Disease Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.