---
title: "High prevalence of plasmid-borne ESBL and quinolone resistance in multidrug-resistant Escherichia"
id: "biorxiv-3-high-occurrence-of-plasmid-mediated-quinolone-and-esbl-resistance-genes-among"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-3-high-occurrence-of-plasmid-mediated-quinolone-and-esbl-resistance-genes-among"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)"
source_url: "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.07.743442v1?rss=1"
published_at: "2026-08-09T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Verified Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# High prevalence of plasmid-borne ESBL and quinolone resistance in multidrug-resistant Escherichia
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-3-high-occurrence-of-plasmid-mediated-quinolone-and-esbl-resistance-genes-among
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.07.743442v1?rss=1)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-09T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Verified Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Study conducted February–June 2025 in two healthcare facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon, screened all clinical samples from in- and out-patients for Escherichia coli. - Total isolates assessed were 65; multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli prevalence was 50.7% (33/65). - All MDR isolates (33/33) were phenotypically confirmed as **ESBL** producers by CHROMagar ESBL screening. - High resistance rates observed to third-generation cephalosporins: cefotaxime and ceftriaxone resistance were 100% among MDR isolates; ciprofloxacin resistance was 91%. - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing used the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method; identification used API20E. - Molecular testing by PCR targeted ESBL genes, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (**PMQR**) genes, and quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations in gyrA and parC; horizontal plasmid transfer was investigated and phylogrouping performed. - The most frequent ESBL gene detected was **blaTEM** (36.3%; 12/33) overall; among plasmid-borne ESBLs the dominant gene was blaTEM (40%), followed by blaCTX-M (26.7%). - PMQR gene qnrB was found in 16.6% (5/30) of isolates tested; source reports PMQR determinants were chromosomally stabilized rather than plasmid-borne in this collection. - QRDR mutations in topoisomerase gene parC were detected in 36.6% (11/30) of ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. - Phylogroup analysis showed predominance of commensal-associated **phylogroup A**, followed by phylogroup B, suggesting a community reservoir contributing to clinical infections. - Study conclusion: high burden of MDR E. coli with plasmid-mediated dissemination of ESBL genes and chromosomal fixation of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms; calls for strengthened real-time One Health genomic surveillance in Cameroon.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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[ View ORCID Profile](http://orcid.org/0009-0006-2248-9793)Priscille Koubissak Mbende, Jaures Kenfack Noumedem, [ View ORCID Profile](http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3874-8175)Luria Leslie Founou, Ange Atsafack Zobou, Jannet-Vanèle Meli, Raspail Carrel Founou doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.07.743442 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. Priscille Koubissak Mbende 1 Research Institute of the Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI); * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Priscille%2BKoubissak%2BMbende%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Koubissak%20Mbende%20P&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3APriscille%2BKoubissak%2BMbende%2B) * [ORCID record for Priscille Koubissak Mbende](http://orcid.org/0009-0006-2248-9793 "Open in new tab") * For correspondence: franckmbende17@gmail.com Jaures Kenfack Noumedem 2 Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang Cameroon; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Jaures%2B%2BKenfack%2BNoumedem%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Noumedem%20J&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AJaures%2B%2BKenfack%2BNoumedem%2B) Luria Leslie Founou 1 Research Institute of the Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI); * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Luria%2B%2BLeslie%2BFounou%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Founou%20L&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ALuria%2B%2BLeslie%2BFounou%2B) * [ORCID record for Luria Leslie Founou](http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3874-8175 "Open in new tab") Ange Atsafack Zobou 3 Research Institute of centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI); * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Ange%2B%2BAtsafack%2BZobou%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zobou%20A&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AAnge%2B%2BAtsafack%2BZobou%2B) Jannet-Vanèle Meli 4 Research Institute of centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI);; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Jannet-Van%C3%A8le%2BMeli%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Meli%20J&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AJannet-Van%25C3%25A8le%2BMeli%2B) Raspail Carrel Founou 5 Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Raspail%2B%2BCarrel%2BFounou%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Founou%20R&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ARaspail%2B%2BCarrel%2BFounou%2B) * [Abstract](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.07.743442v1)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_art/node:5691597/1) * [Info/History](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.07.743442v1.article-info)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_info/node:5691597/1) * [Metrics](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.07.743442v1.article-metrics)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_metrics/node:5691597/1) * [ Preview PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.07.743442v1.full.pdf+html)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_pdf/node:5691597/1) ![Loading](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif) ## Abstract Introduction In sub-Saharan Africa, and more specifically in Cameroon, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major public health threat. This is underlined by the increasing appearance of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec), a critical priority bacterium, is increasingly implicated in life-threatening infections in hospital and community settings in Cameroon. Data on the genetic composition of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli are limited in Cameroon. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, genetic diversity, resistance mechanisms in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli organisms isolated from clinical samples in two hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2025 in two healthcare facilities in Yaounde, Cameroon. All clinical samples from in- and out-patients were analysed. After culturing, identification was performed using API20E as per the manufacturer’s instructions and ESBL production was screened in CHROMagarTM ESBL. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect ESBL and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR)genes, as well as mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) (gyrA/parC) Horizontal. plasmid transfer was also investigated. Finally, phylogroup analysis was assessed. Result The prevalence of MDR E. coli was 50.7% (n=33/65), all of which (100%) were ESBL producers and 91% were ciprofloxacin-resistant. Highest resistance rates were observed for cefotaxime (100%), ceftriaxone (100%), and ciprofloxacin (91%). The most frequent ESBL genes were blaTEM (36.3%; n=12/33). Among PMQR genes, qnrB was detected in 16.6% (n=5/30) of isolates. Only the ESBL genes were carried by plasmids; the most prevalent plasmid-borne gene was blaTEM (40%), followed by blaCTX-M (26.7%). Mutations within the topoisomerase QRDR (parC gene) were identified in 36.6% (n=11/30) of ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. Phylogroup analysis revealed a predominance of phylogroup A, followed by group B. Conclusion This study reveals a high prevalence of multidrug-resistance, ESBL (blaTEMdominant) and fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli in Yaoundé, with plasmid dissemination of ESBL genes and chromosomal stabilization of PMQR determinants. The predominance of commensal phylogroups in clinical samples underlines the role of the community reservoir. It is urgent to reinforce " real-time One Health" genomic surveillance in Cameroon. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a [CC-BY 4.0 International license](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). bioRxiv and medRxiv thank the following for their generous financial support: > The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the Sergey Brin Family Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, The University of Edinburgh, University of Washington, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. 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[ Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.07.743442v1.full.pdf) Print/Save Options [Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/09/2026.08.07.743442.full.pdf)Full Text & In-line FiguresXML [More Info](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#PrintOptions "More Information on Print/Save Options") [ Email](https://www.biorxiv.org/ "Email this Article") [ Share](https://www.biorxiv.org/) High occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone and ESBL resistance genes among multidrug resistant Escherichia coli from clinical samples in two healthcare facilities in Yaounde, Cameroon. Priscille Koubissak Mbende, Jaures Kenfack Noumedem, Luria Leslie Founou, Ange Atsafack Zobou, Jannet-Vanèle Meli, Raspail Carrel Founou bioRxiv 2026.08.07.743442; doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.07.743442 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. 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