---
title: "Key drivers of future tuberculosis declines in South Africa: uncertainty analysis of testing, cont"
id: "pubmed-42609173"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42609173"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/"
doi: "10.1080/16549716.2026.2710936"
published_at: "2026-08-18T11:54:15.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Key drivers of future tuberculosis declines in South Africa: uncertainty analysis of testing, cont
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42609173
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/)
- **DOI:** [10.1080/16549716.2026.2710936](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F16549716.2026.2710936)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-18T11:54:15.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This modelling study adapted an existing TB–HIV mathematical model for South Africa to identify which changeable and external factors most influence future TB incidence and mortality. - The authors specified prior uncertainty ranges for 27 parameters considered highly uncertain and important to TB dynamics, then sampled 1,000 parameter combinations using Latin Hypercube Sampling and projected outcomes to 2040. - Projected declines by 2030 (relative to 2015) were a 46% median reduction in adult TB incidence (95% UI 17–69%) and a 54% median reduction in TB mortality (95% UI 21–84%). - The strongest predictor of lower future TB incidence was the increase in **microbiological testing** among symptomatic individuals resulting from **near-point-of-care/tongue swab (NPOC/TS)** testing (PRCC = -0.67). - Reductions in social contact rates following COVID-19 were the next most influential factor for incidence declines (PRCC = -0.61). - Other important correlates included the baseline probability of sputum testing in symptomatic people without NPOC/TS (PRCC = -0.39) and the efficacy of **TB preventive therapy** (PRCC = -0.35). - Predictors of TB mortality were similar to those for incidence, indicating overlapping drivers for disease burden and deaths. - The analysis concludes that expanding microbiological testing in symptomatic patients—especially via new NPOC/TS diagnostics recommended in 2026 WHO guidance—would have the largest potential impact, but reaching the WHO **End TB** targets by 2030 is unlikely according to these projections. - The study highlights the need for major improvements in testing rates in clinical settings to approach the End TB reductions in South Africa and similar settings.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42609173%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/af7de7da-df5d-41c6-8de4-8c266af8ccfb/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42609173%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42609173%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#abstract) * [ Plain language summary ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#plain-language-summary) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#mesh-terms) Title & authors Abstract Plain language summary MeSH terms Glob Health Action Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Glob+Health+Action%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Glob+Health+Action%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) . 2026 Dec 31;19(1):2710936. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2026.2710936. Epub 2026 Aug 18. # Towards ending tuberculosis in South Africa: an uncertainty analysis of the programmes and factors most critical to future declines [Leigh F Johnson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Johnson+LF&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Integrated Data and Epidemiological Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa."), [Mmamapudi Kubjane](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kubjane+M&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa."), [Jeffrey W Imai-Eaton](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Imai-Eaton+JW&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#full-view-affiliation-4 "MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK."), [Lauren R Brown](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Brown+LR&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#full-view-affiliation-5 "South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis \(SACEMA\), Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation \(CERI\), School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa."), [Lise Jamieson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jamieson+L&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#full-view-affiliation-5 "South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis \(SACEMA\), Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation \(CERI\), School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa."), [Pren Naidoo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Naidoo+P&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Independent Researcher."), [Gaurang Tanna](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tanna+G&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#full-view-affiliation-7 "Gates Foundation, Johannesburg, South Africa."), [Gesine Meyer-Rath](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Meyer-Rath+G&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#full-view-affiliation-5 "South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis \(SACEMA\), Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation \(CERI\), School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.")[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#full-view-affiliation-8 "Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Centre for Integrated Data and Epidemiological Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. * 2 Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. * 3 Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. * 4 MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. * 5 South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. * 6 Independent Researcher. * 7 Gates Foundation, Johannesburg, South Africa. * 8 Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. * PMID: **42609173** * DOI: [ 10.1080/16549716.2026.2710936 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2026.2710936) Item in Clipboard # Towards ending tuberculosis in South Africa: an uncertainty analysis of the programmes and factors most critical to future declines Leigh F Johnson et al. Glob Health Action. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Glob Health Action Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Glob+Health+Action%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Glob+Health+Action%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) . 2026 Dec 31;19(1):2710936. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2026.2710936. Epub 2026 Aug 18. ### Authors [Leigh F Johnson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Johnson+LF&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Integrated Data and Epidemiological Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa."), [Mmamapudi Kubjane](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kubjane+M&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa."), [Jeffrey W Imai-Eaton](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Imai-Eaton+JW&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#short-view-affiliation-4 "MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK."), [Lauren R Brown](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Brown+LR&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#short-view-affiliation-5 "South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis \(SACEMA\), Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation \(CERI\), School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa."), [Lise Jamieson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jamieson+L&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#short-view-affiliation-5 "South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis \(SACEMA\), Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation \(CERI\), School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa."), [Pren Naidoo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Naidoo+P&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Independent Researcher."), [Gaurang Tanna](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tanna+G&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#short-view-affiliation-7 "Gates Foundation, Johannesburg, South Africa."), [Gesine Meyer-Rath](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Meyer-Rath+G&cauthor_id=42609173)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#short-view-affiliation-5 "South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis \(SACEMA\), Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation \(CERI\), School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.")[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/#short-view-affiliation-8 "Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.") ### Affiliations * 1 Centre for Integrated Data and Epidemiological Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. * 2 Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. * 3 Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. * 4 MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. * 5 South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. * 6 Independent Researcher. * 7 Gates Foundation, Johannesburg, South Africa. * 8 Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. * PMID: **42609173** * DOI: [ 10.1080/16549716.2026.2710936 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2026.2710936) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** The WHO End Tuberculosis (TB) strategy targets 80% and 90% reductions in TB incidence and mortality, respectively, between 2015 and 2030. **Objective:** To assess which policy-changeable and external factors are most critical to reducing future TB in South Africa. **Methods:** We adapted an existing mathematical model of TB and HIV in South Africa. Prior distributions were specified to represent uncertainty ranges for 27 model parameters that are highly uncertain and potentially important in driving future TB dynamics. Latin Hypercube Sampling was used to sample 1000 parameter combinations from these distributions, and the model was projected to 2040 for each. Partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCCs) were calculated to assess correlation between each parameter and average adult TB incidence and mortality rates over 2025-2040. **Results:** Adult TB incidence and mortality rates in South Africa were projected to decline by 46% (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 17-69%) and 54% (95% UI: 21-84%) respectively by 2030, relative to 2015. The parameters most strongly associated with future TB incidence were the increase in microbiological testing in symptomatic individuals due to near-point-of-care/tongue swab (NPOC/TS) testing (PRCC = -0.67), reductions in social contact rates post-COVID (PRCC = -0.61), the probability of sputum testing in symptomatic individuals in the absence of NPOC/TS testing (PRCC = -0.39), and the efficacy of TB preventive therapy (PRCC = -0.35). TB mortality predictors were similar. **Conclusions:** Increasing testing among people with TB symptoms, including through new NPOC/TS technologies, is likely to have the largest impact on progress towards End TB goals in South Africa, though attainment by 2030 is unlikely. **Keywords:** South Africa; Tongue swab testing; mathematical model; near-point-of-care diagnostics; tuberculosis. ## Plain language summary **Main findings** : The most significant driver of future TB incidence and mortality in South Africa is the rate of microbiological testing in patients seeking treatment for symptomatic TB, which is currently very low in most resource-limited settings.**Added knowledge** : This is the first modelling study to demonstrate the potential for a profound population-level impact of the 2026 WHO guidance recommending near-point-of-care and tongue swab testing in symptomatic TB patients.**Global health impact for policy and action** : Major improvements to microbiological testing rates in patients seeking treatment for TB symptoms (including with new testing technologies) are needed if South Africa and other countries are to achieve reductions in TB incidence and mortality approaching the End TB targets. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## MeSH terms * HIV Infections / epidemiology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22HIV+Infections%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=HIV+Infections) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) * Incidence Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Incidence%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Incidence) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) * Models, Theoretical Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Models%2C+Theoretical%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Models%2C+Theoretical) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) * South Africa / epidemiology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22South+Africa%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=South+Africa) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) * Tuberculosis* / diagnosis Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tuberculosis%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Tuberculosis) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42609173/) * Tuberculosis* / epidemiology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tuberculosis%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Tuberculosis
## Related Clinical Research

- [Tuberculosis screening and tuberculin skin test performance in adults with inborn errors of immuni](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/frontiers-in-immunology-11-tuberculosis-screening-in-adult-patients-with-inborn-errors-of-immunity-a.md)
- [Paediatric COVID-19 severity across SARS-CoV-2 variants in hospitalised children in South Africa: a retrospective cohort study](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-19-paediatric-covid-19-severity-across-sars-cov-2-variants-in-hospitalised.md)
- [Impact of a Person-Centered Care Intervention on HIV Treatment Reengagement in Zambia](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-medicine-2-effect-of-a-person-centered-care-intervention-on-return-and-sustained.md)
- [Urine-based Mtb antigen detection for childhood TB using an ultrasensitive ECL immunoassay](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-16-the-accuracy-of-urine-based-mycobacterial-antigens-to-detect-childhood.md)
- [Natural products as adjuncts for non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections: systematic review](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42680847.md) (DOI: 10.1007/s10482-026-02416-5)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Infectious Disease Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.