---
title: "Local temperature and humidity linked to higher proportions of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in"
id: "pubmed-42899717"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42899717"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/"
doi: "10.1128/aem.01064-26"
published_at: "2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Local temperature and humidity linked to higher proportions of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42899717
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/)
- **DOI:** [10.1128/aem.01064-26](https://doi.org/10.1128%2Faem.01064-26)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Investigators analyzed 2,766 farm environment samples collected from 53 English dairy farms to assess associations between local weather and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in **Escherichia coli**. - The team applied a non-linear Bayesian model that adjusted for reduced test sensitivity when **E. coli** abundance was low; this allowed estimation of the proportion of resistant isolates from colony count data. - A 20°C increase in local temperature correlated with a 5.0-fold rise in the proportion of streptomycin-resistant **E. coli** (95% credible interval: 1.03–33.0); the authors reported a small absolute increase in proportion. - Weaker statistical evidence suggested higher temperatures were also associated with increased proportions of tetracycline-resistant **E. coli**. - Rising relative humidity was associated with larger proportions of amoxicillin-, streptomycin-, and tetracycline-resistant **E. coli**; a 32% humidity increase (60%→92%) corresponded to a 4.7-fold median increase in amoxicillin resistance (95% CI: 1.4–15.7). - For amoxicillin and streptomycin, the study team observed a synergistic interaction between temperature and humidity in relation to resistant proportions, with weaker evidence for tetracycline. - Authors argued that weather, sample properties, and seasonality should be incorporated in livestock AMR surveillance to improve accuracy of trend modeling and to anticipate climate-associated AMR risks. - The abstract did not report specific sampling dates, antibiotic usage on farms, patient or animal-level demographics, or the precise laboratory protocols used for susceptibility testing beyond colony count-based estimates.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Online ahead of print. # Local temperature and humidity are associated with proportion of antimicrobial-resistant _Escherichia coli_ isolates in farm environments: considerations for on-farm surveillance [Lucy Vass](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Vass+L&cauthor_id=42899717)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Elliot Stanton](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Stanton+E&cauthor_id=42899717)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Hannah Schubert](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Schubert+H&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Katy Morley](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Morley+K&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Emma F Puddy](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Puddy+EF&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Fernando Sánchez-Vizcaíno](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=S%C3%A1nchez-Vizca%C3%ADno+F&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain."), [Virginia C Gould](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gould+VC&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Oliver Mounsey](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mounsey+O&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-affiliation-3 "School of Biochemistry and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Matthew B Avison](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Avison+MB&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-affiliation-3 "School of Biochemistry and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Kristen K Reyher](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Reyher+KK&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Andrew W Dowsey](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dowsey+AW&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. * 2 Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. * 3 School of Biochemistry and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. * 4 Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. # Contributed equally. * PMID: **42899717** * DOI: [ 10.1128/aem.01064-26 ](https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01064-26) Item in Clipboard # Local temperature and humidity are associated with proportion of antimicrobial-resistant _Escherichia coli_ isolates in farm environments: considerations for on-farm surveillance Lucy Vass et al. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Appl Environ Microbiol Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Appl+Environ+Microbiol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Appl+Environ+Microbiol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/) . 2026 Oct 20:e0106426. doi: 10.1128/aem.01064-26. Online ahead of print. ### Authors [Lucy Vass](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Vass+L&cauthor_id=42899717)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Elliot Stanton](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Stanton+E&cauthor_id=42899717)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Hannah Schubert](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Schubert+H&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Katy Morley](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Morley+K&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Emma F Puddy](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Puddy+EF&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Fernando Sánchez-Vizcaíno](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=S%C3%A1nchez-Vizca%C3%ADno+F&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain."), [Virginia C Gould](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gould+VC&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Oliver Mounsey](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mounsey+O&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-affiliation-3 "School of Biochemistry and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Matthew B Avison](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Avison+MB&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-affiliation-3 "School of Biochemistry and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Kristen K Reyher](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Reyher+KK&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom."), [Andrew W Dowsey](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dowsey+AW&cauthor_id=42899717)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42899717/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.") ### Affiliations * 1 Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. * 2 Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. * 3 School of Biochemistry and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. * 4 Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. # Contributed equally. * PMID: **42899717** * DOI: [ 10.1128/aem.01064-26 ](https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01064-26) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract Evidence suggests that increased local temperatures are associated with higher prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in environmental bacteria. This observational cohort study investigates associations between local climate and the proportion of antimicrobial-resistant _Escherichia coli_ isolated from 2,766 farm environment samples from 53 English dairy farms. A non-linear Bayesian model that accounts for decreased test sensitivity at low _E. coli_ abundance was used to estimate the proportion of antimicrobial-resistant _E. coli_ from colony count data. A 20°C increase in local temperature was associated with a 5.0-fold increase in the proportion of streptomycin-resistant _E. coli_ (95% credible interval [CI]: 1.03-33.0; absolute increase: 0.2%, 95% CI: 2.3 × 10-3%-1.2%). Weaker evidence suggested that increased temperatures were associated with increased proportions of tetracycline-resistant _E. coli_. Increasing relative humidity was associated with an increase in the proportion of amoxicillin-, streptomycin-, and tetracycline-resistant _E. coli_. A 32% increase in relative humidity (from 60% to 92%) was associated with a 4.7-fold increase in the proportion of amoxicillin-resistant _E. coli_ (median; 95% CI: 1.4-15.7; absolute increase: 1.3%, 95% CI: 0.2%-3.5%). For amoxicillin and streptomycin, a synergistic effect where increasing both temperature and humidity was associated with increased proportions of antimicrobial-resistant _E. coli_ was observed, with weak evidence of this effect observed for tetracycline. These findings highlight the importance of considering weather conditions, sample characteristics, and seasonality in livestock AMR surveillance. Associations between local weather conditions and the proportion of livestock _E. coli_ exhibiting AMR suggest that climate change may influence the burden of One Health AMR.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding how environmental conditions are associated with variability in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevalence is critical for developing robust livestock AMR surveillance and anticipating the potential effects of climate change. The non-linear Bayesian modeling approach developed here adjusts for _Escherichia coli_ abundance-associated variability in test sensitivity, enabling the influence of risk factors associated with the proportion of antimicrobial-resistant _E. coli_ within samples to be more accurately estimated. Applying this approach to 2,766 fecal samples from 53 dairy farms in Southwest England indicated that the proportion of antimicrobial-resistant _E. coli_ generally increased under warmer and wetter conditions. These findings suggest that environmental conditions can influence the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant _E. coli_ in dairy farm environments and demonstrate the importance of accounting for weather-related variability in livestock AMR surveillance. Adjusting for these associations in livestock AMR surveillance could improve the accuracy of modeling AMR trends and strengthen the assessment of climate-associated AMR risks. **Keywords:** Escherichia coli; antimicrobial resistance (AMR); monitoring; surveillance. 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