---
title: "Mosquito fertility largely resilient to short sublethal heat shocks across three species"
id: "biorxiv-2-mosquito-fertility-is-mostly-resilient-to-sublethal-heat-shocks"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-2-mosquito-fertility-is-mostly-resilient-to-sublethal-heat-shocks"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)"
source_url: "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.04.742888v1?rss=1"
published_at: "2026-08-05T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Verified Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Mosquito fertility largely resilient to short sublethal heat shocks across three species
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-2-mosquito-fertility-is-mostly-resilient-to-sublethal-heat-shocks
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.04.742888v1?rss=1)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-05T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Verified Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This study tested effects of short, **sublethal heat shocks** on reproductive performance in three mosquito species: **Aedes aegypti**, **Aedes notoscriptus**, and **Culex quinquefasciatus**. - Heat exposure was applied to males or females at the **pupal** and **adult** stages; reproductive outcomes included egg-laying success, fecundity, egg hatchability and viable offspring production. - Female heat shock had limited effects on fertility across all three species; an exception was adult female exposure to 41 °C for 1 hour, which reduced viable offspring production in **Ae. notoscriptus**. - Male heat shock effects were species- and stage-specific: male exposure reduced egg hatchability in **Cx. quinquefasciatus** and reduced viable offspring production in **Ae. aegypti**, depending on whether pupal or adult stages were exposed. - In **Ae. aegypti**, male fertility showed partial recovery within 24–48 hours after heat shock exposure. - Heat shocks affected female fertility in Ae. aegypti regardless of whether exposure occurred before or after mating. - Maternal heat shock exposure in Ae. aegypti enhanced offspring fecundity and viable offspring production when offspring experienced subsequent sublethal heat stress. - Overall conclusion: mosquito reproductive capacity is largely robust to short-term heat shocks, but effects vary by **species**, **sex**, **developmental stage**, timing and trait measured, with implications for predicting mosquito population resilience under future climate extremes. - The source reports experimental findings and funding but does not provide detailed methods, sample sizes, statistical values, or full experimental protocols in the provided abstract text.
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Apeksha L Warusawithana University of Melbourne * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Apeksha%2BL%2BWarusawithana%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Warusawithana%20AL&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AApeksha%2BL%2BWarusawithana%2B) * [ORCID record for Apeksha L Warusawithana](http://orcid.org/0009-0009-0429-2833 "Open in new tab") * For correspondence: awarusawitha@student.unimelb.edu.au Belinda van Heerwaarden University of Melbourne * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Belinda%2Bvan%2BHeerwaarden%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=van%20Heerwaarden%20B&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ABelinda%2Bvan%2BHeerwaarden%2B) * [ORCID record for Belinda van Heerwaarden](http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2435-2900 "Open in new tab") Ary A Hoffmann University of Melbourne * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Ary%2BA%2BHoffmann%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hoffmann%20AA&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AAry%2BA%2BHoffmann%2B) * [ORCID record for Ary A Hoffmann](http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9497-7645 "Open in new tab") Perran A Ross University of Melbourne * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Perran%2BA%2BRoss%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ross%20PA&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3APerran%2BA%2BRoss%2B) * [ORCID record for Perran A Ross](http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-7523 "Open in new tab") * [Abstract](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.04.742888v1)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_art/node:5680607/1) * [Info/History](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.04.742888v1.article-info)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_info/node:5680607/1) * [Metrics](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.04.742888v1.article-metrics)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_metrics/node:5680607/1) * [Supplementary material](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.04.742888v1.supplementary-material)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_data/node:5680607/1) * [ Preview PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.04.742888v1.full.pdf+html)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_pdf/node:5680607/1) ![Loading](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif) ## Abstract Insects can experience a loss of fertility under acute heat stress, but impacts vary among species and depend on life stage and sex. We examined the effects of sublethal heat shocks on the fertility of three mosquito species (Aedes aegypti, Aedes notoscriptus and Culex quinquefasciatus) when males or females were exposed at the pupal and adult stages. Reproductive performance was assessed through egg-laying success, fecundity, egg hatchability and viable offspring production. Female heat shock had limited effects on fertility in all three species, though exposure of adult females to 41 °C for 1 hr reduced viable offspring production in Ae. notoscriptus. Male heat shock reduced egg hatchability in Cx. quinquefasciatus and viable offspring production in Ae. aegypti depending on the life stage exposed. We investigated several other aspects of heat shock exposure on Ae. aegypti fertility. In this species, male fertility partially recovered within 24-48 hours following heat shock exposure, while effects of heat shocks on female fertility occurred regardless of whether heat exposure occurred pre- or post-mating. In addition, maternal heat shock exposure enhanced offspring fecundity and viable offspring production under subsequent sublethal heat stress. Overall, our findings demonstrate that mosquito fertility is largely robust to short-term heat shocks, but there are also complex trait, sex, stage, temporal and species-specific effects, with implications for predicting mosquito population persistence and species persistence under future climate extremes. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ## Funder Information Declared Australian Research Council, https://ror.org/05mmh0f86, FT200100025, DE230100067 Wellcome Trust, https://ror.org/029chgv08, 108508, 226166 Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a [CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). bioRxiv and medRxiv thank the following for their generous financial support: > The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the Sergey Brin Family Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, The University of Edinburgh, University of Washington, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. 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[ Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.04.742888v1.full.pdf) Print/Save Options [Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/05/2026.08.04.742888.full.pdf)Full Text & In-line FiguresXML [More Info](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#PrintOptions "More Information on Print/Save Options") [Supplementary Material ](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.04.742888v1.supplementary-material) [ Email](https://www.biorxiv.org/ "Email this Article") [ Share](https://www.biorxiv.org/) Mosquito fertility is (mostly) resilient to sublethal heat shocks Apeksha L Warusawithana, Belinda van Heerwaarden, Ary A Hoffmann, Perran A Ross bioRxiv 2026.08.04.742888; doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.04.742888 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. 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