---
title: "mRNA-LNP Hepatitis C Vaccine Including p7 Enhances Humoral Immunogenicity"
id: "pubmed-42486050"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42486050"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/"
doi: "10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128938"
published_at: "2026-08-13T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# mRNA-LNP Hepatitis C Vaccine Including p7 Enhances Humoral Immunogenicity
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42486050
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128938](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2026.128938)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-13T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The study developed and tested a nucleoside-modified **mRNA-LNP** vaccine candidate against **Hepatitis C virus (HCV)**, comparing a conventional construct to an optimized construct that includes the nonstructural viroporin **p7**. - The platform leverages known strengths of mRNA-LNP technology to stimulate both **humoral** and cellular immunity; the authors aimed to improve HCV-like particle secretion and antibody responses by adding p7. - In immunized mice, both vaccine constructs induced antigen-specific functional **CD4+** and **CD8+ T cell** responses and T follicular helper cell responses associated with antibody generation. - The optimized p7-containing construct produced superior binding and neutralizing antibody responses compared to the non-optimized construct, including stronger responses against heterologous viral strains. - Findings support the potential of optimizing mRNA-LNP vaccines by including viral elements that enhance particle formation or immunogenicity beyond classical epitope presentation. - The authors note that translating these preclinical results to humans will require further investigation and validation. - Conflict-of-interest disclosures indicate funding from NIAID and NIH for some authors and multiple declared relationships and patents involving certain investigators and companies; these are reported in the source.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42486050%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/af7de7da-df5d-41c6-8de4-8c266af8ccfb/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42486050%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42486050%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Full text links [![Elsevier Science full text link](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-elsevieroa.png) Elsevier Science ](https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264-410X\(26\)00747-4 "See full text options at Elsevier Science") [ Full text links ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/) ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#abstract) * [ Conflict of interest statement ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#conflict-of-interest) * [Similar articles](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#similar) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#mesh-terms) * [ Substances ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#substances) * [Related information](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#related-links) * [ LinkOut - more resources ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#linkout) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Similar articles MeSH terms Substances Related information LinkOut - more resources Vaccine Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vaccine%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Vaccine%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/) . 2026 Aug 13:88:128938. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128938. Epub 2026 Jul 22. # mRNA-LNP hepatitis C vaccine encoding p7 elicits improved humoral immunogenicity [Erin K Reagan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Reagan+EK&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States. Electronic address: ereagan@pennmedicine.upenn.edu."), [Desiree A Wright](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wright+DA&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, 21205, United States."), [Kaitlyn E Clark](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Clark+KE&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, 21205, United States."), [Xiomara Mercado-Lopez](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mercado-Lopez+X&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States."), [Elena N Atochina-Vasserman](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Atochina-Vasserman+EN&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States."), [Houping Ni](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ni+H&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States."), [Barbara L Mui](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mui+BL&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Acuitas Therapeutics, 6190 Agronomy Rd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada."), [Fengling Hu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hu+F&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, 19104, United States."), [Justin R Bailey](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bailey+JR&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, 21205, United States."), [Katharine J Bar](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bar+KJ&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States."), [Drew Weissman](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Weissman+D&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States. Electronic address: ereagan@pennmedicine.upenn.edu. * 2 Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, 21205, United States. * 3 Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States. * 4 Acuitas Therapeutics, 6190 Agronomy Rd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. * 5 Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, 19104, United States. * PMID: **42486050** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128938 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128938) Free article Item in Clipboard # mRNA-LNP hepatitis C vaccine encoding p7 elicits improved humoral immunogenicity Erin K Reagan et al. Vaccine. 2026. Free article Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Vaccine Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vaccine%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Vaccine%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/) . 2026 Aug 13:88:128938. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128938. Epub 2026 Jul 22. ### Authors [Erin K Reagan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Reagan+EK&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States. Electronic address: ereagan@pennmedicine.upenn.edu."), [Desiree A Wright](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wright+DA&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, 21205, United States."), [Kaitlyn E Clark](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Clark+KE&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, 21205, United States."), [Xiomara Mercado-Lopez](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mercado-Lopez+X&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States."), [Elena N Atochina-Vasserman](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Atochina-Vasserman+EN&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States."), [Houping Ni](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ni+H&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States."), [Barbara L Mui](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mui+BL&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Acuitas Therapeutics, 6190 Agronomy Rd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada."), [Fengling Hu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hu+F&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, 19104, United States."), [Justin R Bailey](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bailey+JR&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, 21205, United States."), [Katharine J Bar](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bar+KJ&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States."), [Drew Weissman](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Weissman+D&cauthor_id=42486050)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486050/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States.") ### Affiliations * 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States. Electronic address: ereagan@pennmedicine.upenn.edu. * 2 Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, 21205, United States. * 3 Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, United States. * 4 Acuitas Therapeutics, 6190 Agronomy Rd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. * 5 Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, 19104, United States. * PMID: **42486050** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128938 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128938) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Nucleoside-modified messenger RNA lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) vaccines have had a tremendous impact on vaccine development against infectious pathogens, particularly since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The platform is an effective stimulator of humoral and cellular immune responses due to unique features of the mRNA and LNP components. We sought to optimize the performance of the mRNA-LNP platform against a specific viral target, developing a vaccine against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) that would improve HCV-like particle secretion and enhance the humoral immune response. We designed an mRNA-LNP vaccine targeting HCV and improved its efficacy by including the nonstructural HCV viroporin p7, and measured cellular and humoral immune responses in immunized mice. Both constructs induced antigen-specific functional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, as well as T follicular helper cell responses associated with humoral immunity, consistent with other applications of the mRNA-LNP platform. Mice immunized with the optimized construct showed superior binding and neutralizing antibody responses compared to the non-optimized one. Notably, the optimized construct elicited stronger humoral responses against heterologous viral strains. Our findings underscore the potential of mRNA-LNP vaccines for HCV, yet translating these findings into humans requires further investigation. These results demonstrate the value of optimizing the mRNA-LNP platform through inclusion of elements with utility beyond presenting epitopes of the pathogen being targeted. This study pushes HCV vaccine development forward and extends the utility of the mRNA-LNP platform against infectious diseases. **Keywords:** Hepatitis C virus; Immunogenicity; Lipid nanoparticle; Nucleoside-modified; Nucleotide vaccine; mRNA vaccine; mRNA-LNP. Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Erin K. Reagan reports financial support was provided by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Fengling Hu reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Drew Weissman reports financial support was provided by BioNTech SE. Drew Weissman reports a relationship with Arcturus Therapeutics Holdings Inc. that includes: equity or stocks. Drew Weissman reports a relationship with MasterSwitch that includes: equity or stocks. Drew Weissman reports a relationship with Zipcode Bio that includes: equity or stocks. Drew Weissman reports a relationship with Medici that includes: equity or stocks. Drew Weissman reports a relationship with Versatope Therapeutics that includes: board membership and equity or stocks. Drew Weissman reports a relationship with Zelig Therapeutics that includes: equity or stocks. Justin R. Bailey has patent #US 11660332 B2 issued to University of Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins University, Vanderbilt University. Drew Weissman has patent #US 11660332 B2 issued to University of Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins University, Vanderbilt University. Erin K. Reagan has patent #WO 2023/283576 A1 issued to University of Pennsylvania. Drew Weissman has patent #WO 2023/283576 A1 issued to University of Pennsylvania. Drew Weissman has patent #US 8278036 B2 with royalties paid to University of Pennsylvania. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## Similar articles * [ A lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccine elicits immunity against porcine circovirus type 2 in mice. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41718490/) Nie J, Tian C, Huang H, Gang J, Chen Y, Ji M, Sun J, Zhou Y, Liu L, Tai W.Nie J, et al.Microbiol Spectr. 2026 Apr 7;14(4):e0376625. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03766-25. Epub 2026 Feb 20.Microbiol Spectr. 2026.PMID: 41718490Free PMC article. * [ A Single Immunization with Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines Elicits Strong Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32783919/) Laczkó D, Hogan MJ, Toulmin SA, Hicks P, Lederer K, Gaudette BT, Castaño D, Amanat F, Muramatsu H, Oguin TH 3rd, Ojha A, Zhang L, Mu Z, Parks R, Manzoni TB, Roper B, Strohmeier S, Tombácz I, Arwood L, Nachbagauer R, Karikó K, Greenhouse J, Pessaint L, Porto M, Putman-Taylor T, Strasbaugh A, Campbell TA, Lin PJC, Tam
## Related Clinical Research

- [Hepatitis C Prevalence and Care Barriers in Adults with Serious Mental Illness: Updated Systematic](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-open-6-pooled-prevalence-risk-factors-and-barriers-to-care-for-hepatitis-c-virus-hcv.md)
- [Trends in Comorbidities and Fatality Rates in First-Time Hepatitis B Hospitalizations in Poland, 2](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42687351.md) (DOI: 10.12659/MSM.953354)
- [MMR vaccines: separating measles, mumps, rubella shots — myths and facts](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-0-should-the-measles-mumps-rubella-vaccines-be-separate-myths-vs-facts.md)
- [WHO: Integration, Innovation and Community Leadership Are Key to Ending HIV, Hepatitis and STIs](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/who-0-0-who-integration-innovation-and-community-leadership-key-to-ending-hiv-hepatitis.md)
- [Erica Schwartz Confirmed as CDC Director After 51-44 Senate Vote](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/stat-news-1-erica-schwartz-confirmed-as-cdc-director-filling-nearly-yearlong-vacancy.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Infectious Disease Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.