---
title: "N1 neuraminidase vaccines (sciIAV, N1-CoPoP) protect mice from lethal H5N1 challenge"
id: "biorxiv-10-mice-immunized-with-n1-neuraminidase-in-a-single-cycle-infectious-virus-or-in-a"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-10-mice-immunized-with-n1-neuraminidase-in-a-single-cycle-infectious-virus-or-in-a"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)"
source_url: "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.11.758125v1?rss=1"
published_at: "2026-10-12T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Verified Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# N1 neuraminidase vaccines (sciIAV, N1-CoPoP) protect mice from lethal H5N1 challenge
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-10-mice-immunized-with-n1-neuraminidase-in-a-single-cycle-infectious-virus-or-in-a
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.11.758125v1?rss=1)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-12T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Verified Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Investigators tested two vaccine platforms targeting **N1 neuraminidase**: a single-cycle infectious pH1N1 virus lacking hemagglutinin (sciIAV) administered intranasally and a recombinant cobalt lipid-porphyrin nanoparticle displaying N1 (N1-CoPoP) given intramuscularly. - The report describes C57BL/6 mice as the experimental model; the preprint did not present detailed group sizes, dosing concentration, or adjuvant regimens for either vaccine. - Serum **N1** IgG responses increased after intramuscular N1-CoPoP vaccination and after combination with pH1N1 sciIAV; intranasal single-dose pH1N1 sciIAV alone did not raise serum NA antibody compared to uninoculated controls. - Following lethal challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza **H5N1**, mice immunized with either pH1N1 sciIAV or N1-CoPoP were protected from weight loss, whereas unvaccinated controls experienced substantial weight loss and mortality between 7 and 10 days post infection. - Viral titers in respiratory tissues were markedly reduced in vaccinated mice: only one sciIAV mouse had detectable lung virus at 4 days post infection; by 6 days post infection no vaccinated mice had detectable virus in nasal turbinates, lungs, or brain, while uninoculated mice had high viral loads. - Authors conclude both platforms were protective in this murine HPAIV H5N1 challenge and recommend further investigation; the manuscript is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed.
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Elsayed, [ View ORCID Profile](http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-5550)Mark R Walter, Jonathan Lovell, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, [ View ORCID Profile](http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8069-0272)James J Kobie doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.11.758125 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. Michael S Piepenbrink 1 University of Alabama at Birmingham; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Michael%2BS%2BPiepenbrink%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Piepenbrink%20MS&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AMichael%2BS%2BPiepenbrink%2B) Ramya S Barre 2 Texas Biomedical Research Institute; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Ramya%2BS%2BBarre%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Barre%20RS&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ARamya%2BS%2BBarre%2B) Qinzhe Li 3 State University of New York at Buffalo; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Qinzhe%2BLi%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Li%20Q&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AQinzhe%2BLi%2B) Ruby A Escobedo 2 Texas Biomedical Research Institute; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Ruby%2BA%2BEscobedo%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Escobedo%20RA&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ARuby%2BA%2BEscobedo%2B) Ahmed M. Elsayed 2 Texas Biomedical Research Institute; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Ahmed%2BM.%2BElsayed%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Elsayed%20AM&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AAhmed%2BM.%2BElsayed%2B) * [ORCID record for Ahmed M. Elsayed](http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2878-5714 "Open in new tab") Mark R Walter 1 University of Alabama at Birmingham; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Mark%2BR%2BWalter%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Walter%20MR&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AMark%2BR%2BWalter%2B) * [ORCID record for Mark R Walter](http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-5550 "Open in new tab") Jonathan Lovell 4 University at Buffalo * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Jonathan%2BLovell%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lovell%20J&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AJonathan%2BLovell%2B) Luis Martinez-Sobrido 2 Texas Biomedical Research Institute; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Luis%2BMartinez-Sobrido%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Martinez-Sobrido%20L&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ALuis%2BMartinez-Sobrido%2B) James J Kobie 1 University of Alabama at Birmingham; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=James%2BJ%2BKobie%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kobie%20JJ&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AJames%2BJ%2BKobie%2B) * [ORCID record for James J Kobie](http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8069-0272 "Open in new tab") * For correspondence: jjkobie@uabmc.edu * [Abstract](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.11.758125v1)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_art/node:5862023/1) * [Info/History](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.11.758125v1.article-info)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_info/node:5862023/1) * [Metrics](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.11.758125v1.article-metrics)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_metrics/node:5862023/1) * [ Preview PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.11.758125v1.full.pdf+html)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_pdf/node:5862023/1) ![Loading](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif) ## Abstract The recent spillover of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b into dairy cattle and other mammalian species has been concerning. Vaccine candidates that can be rapidly synthesized and implemented are key countermeasures for protecting the human population against emerging pathogens. Here we examine the use of a pH1N1 virus lacking the genetic material for hemagglutinin (HA), limiting the infection to a single cycle (sciIAV) or Cobalt lipid-porphyrin nanoparticles decorated with neuraminidase (NA) of HPAI H5N1 (N1-CoPoP) as vaccine candidates. C57BL/6 mice that were inoculated intranasally with a single dose of pH1N1 sciIAV did not differ in serum NA antibody compared to uninoculated mice. However, mice that were inoculated intramuscularly with the N1-CoPoP alone or in combination with pH1N1 sciIAV had increased N1 IgG antibodies. Upon lethal challenge with HPAIV H5N1, all mice inoculated with either pH1N1 sciIAV or N1-CoPoP were protected from weight loss, unlike unvaccinated mice with substantial body weight losses that succumb to viral infection between 7 and 10 days post infection (dpi). Both pH1N1 sciIAV and N1-CoPoP immunization minimized viral infection such that only one mouse receiving pH1N1 sciIAV had detectable viral titer in the lungs at 4 dpi. By 6 dpi, no mouse inoculated with pH1N1 sciIAV and/or N1-CoPoP had detectable virus in nasal turbinates, lungs or the brain, unlike the high viral titers found in uninoculated mice. Both pH1N1 sciIAV and N1-CoPoP were protective and should be investigated further as alternative vaccine candidates. ### Competing Interest Statement J.F.L. holds interest in POP Biotechnologies. Other authors declare no competing interests. ## Funder Information Declared American Lung Association, https://ror.org/01p3rh655 Texas Biomedical Research Institute Douglass Foundation Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a [CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). bioRxiv and medRxiv thank the following for their generous financial support: > The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the Sergey Brin Family Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, The University of Edinburgh, University of Washington, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. 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[ Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.11.758125v1.full.pdf) Print/Save Options [Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/12/2026.10.11.758125.full.pdf)Full Text & In-line FiguresXML [More Info](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#PrintOptions "More Information on Print/Save Options") [ Email](https://www.biorxiv.org/ "Email this Article") [ Share](https://www.biorxiv.org/) Mice immunized with N1 neuraminidase in a single cycle infectious virus or in a recombinant nanoparticle vaccine are protected against lethal challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 influenza Michael S Piepenbrink, Ramya S Barre, Qinzhe Li, Ruby A Escobedo, Ahmed M. Elsayed, Mark R Walter, Jonathan Lovell, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, James J Kobie bioRxiv 2026.10.11.758125; doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.11.758125 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. 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