---
title: "Paediatric outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (pOPAT) and antimicrobial stewardship: nurs"
id: "pubmed-42764830"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42764830"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/"
doi: "10.7748/ncyp.2026.e1593"
published_at: "2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Paediatric outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (pOPAT) and antimicrobial stewardship: nurs
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42764830
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/)
- **DOI:** [10.7748/ncyp.2026.e1593](https://doi.org/10.7748%2Fncyp.2026.e1593)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Paediatric outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (**pOPAT**) delivers intravenous antibiotics to children outside hospital settings, most commonly at home. - Children receiving pOPAT typically begin treatment as inpatients before transitioning to outpatient care. - As pOPAT services expand, health organisations must address **antimicrobial stewardship (AMS)** in outpatient settings to preserve antibiotic effectiveness. - The literature review highlights a gap in research on the role of **children's nurses** in pOPAT delivery and AMS activities. - Children's nurses in the community need knowledge of AMS interventions and the confidence to question prescribing decisions when appropriate. - Involving children's nurses more actively in pOPAT and AMS may improve patient outcomes and help reduce **antimicrobial resistance**. - The author calls for increased promotion of nurses' involvement in outpatient antibiotic service provision, education, and research to support stewardship goals. - Keywords emphasised in the source include **antibiotic resistance**, antibiotics, antimicrobial, community care, outpatients, and prescribing. - The review reports no declared conflicts of interest and is published with PMID 42764830 and DOI 10.7748/ncyp.2026.e1593.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42764830%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/c24ab723-7c80-48cd-9c68-022ded852586/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42764830%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42764830%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/#abstract) * [ Conflict of interest statement ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/#conflict-of-interest) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Nurs Child Young People Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nurs+Child+Young+People%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Nurs+Child+Young+People%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/) . 2026 Sep 21. doi: 10.7748/ncyp.2026.e1593. Online ahead of print. # Paediatric outpatient antimicrobial therapy and antimicrobial stewardship: literature review and implications for children's nurses [Mike Minihan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Minihan+M&cauthor_id=42764830)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/#full-view-affiliation-1 "York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, England.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliation * 1 York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, England. * PMID: **42764830** * DOI: [ 10.7748/ncyp.2026.e1593 ](https://doi.org/10.7748/ncyp.2026.e1593) Item in Clipboard # Paediatric outpatient antimicrobial therapy and antimicrobial stewardship: literature review and implications for children's nurses Mike Minihan. Nurs Child Young People. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Nurs Child Young People Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nurs+Child+Young+People%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Nurs+Child+Young+People%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/) . 2026 Sep 21. doi: 10.7748/ncyp.2026.e1593. Online ahead of print. ### Author [Mike Minihan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Minihan+M&cauthor_id=42764830)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/#short-view-affiliation-1 "York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, England.") ### Affiliation * 1 York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, England. * PMID: **42764830** * DOI: [ 10.7748/ncyp.2026.e1593 ](https://doi.org/10.7748/ncyp.2026.e1593) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Paediatric outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (pOPAT) involves the administration of intravenous antibiotics to treat common infections in children outside the hospital setting, usually in the patient's home. Most children who receive pOPAT initially present to hospital and start by receiving antibiotic treatment in the inpatient setting. As pOPAT service provision increases, healthcare organisations need to turn their attention to antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in the outpatient setting, while children's nurses working in the community need to understand AMS interventions and develop confidence in questioning prescribing decisions. In this article, the author reviews the literature examining the relationship between pOPAT and AMS, with a focus on the implications for children's nursing practice. The author highlights the lack of research on the role of children's nurses in pOPAT and AMS, and the importance of promoting their involvement in these aspects of service provision to improve patient outcomes and reduce the effects of antimicrobial resistance. **Keywords:** antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; antimicrobial; antimicrobial resistance; community care; medicines; outpatients; prescribing. © Royal College of Nursing of the United Kingdom (The) 2026. All rights reserved. Not to be copied, transmitted or recorded in any way, in whole or part, without prior permission of the publishers. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement None declared [x] Cite Copy Download .nbib .nbib Format: AMA APA MLA NLM **Send To** * [Clipboard](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/) * [Email](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42764830%2F%23open-email-panel) * [Save](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42764830%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42764830%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation Manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764830/) [x] NCBI Literature Resources [MeSH](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/) [PMC](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/) [Bookshelf](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books) [Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Follow NCBI [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/ncbi) [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm) [ LinkedIn ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm) [ GitHub ](https://github.com/ncbi) [ ](https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Connect with NLM](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html) * [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH) * [ SM-Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine) * [ SM-Youtube ](https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH) National Library of Medicine [8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894](https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323) [Web Policies](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html) [FOIA](https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office) [HHS Vulnerability Disclosure](https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html) [Help](https://support.nlm.nih.gov/?pagename=pubmed%3Apubmed%3Aabstract%3ANONE) [Accessibility](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html) [Careers](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html) * [NLM](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/) * [NIH](https://www.nih.gov/) * [HHS](https://www.hhs.gov/) * [USA.gov](https://www.usa.gov/)
## Related Clinical Research

- [Estimated Size and Distribution of College MSM in Hainan Using the Blued App](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-11-exploration-of-the-population-size-of-men-who-have-sex-with-men-in-hainan.md)
- [Preadmission factors linked to acute complications, survival and long-term recovery after COVID-19](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-open-13-defining-the-preadmission-factors-that-modify-risk-of-acute-complications.md)
- [Climate Change, Human Behavior, and the Projected Spread of Yellow Fever Vectors](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-open-16-projecting-the-future-spread-of-yellow-fever-vectors-and-implications-for.md)
- [WHO urges stronger ethics oversight for AI-related health research](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/who-0-1-new-who-report-calls-for-stronger-ethics-oversight-of-ai-related-health-research.md)
- [WHO welcomes health commitments at the 2026 BRICS Summit](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/who-0-0-who-welcomes-strong-health-commitments-at-the-2026-brics-summit.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Infectious Disease Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.