---
title: "pH-responsive Ofloxacin nanoparticle in situ gel for local cellulitis therapy"
id: "pubmed-42685878"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42685878"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42685878/"
doi: "10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127371"
published_at: "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# pH-responsive Ofloxacin nanoparticle in situ gel for local cellulitis therapy
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42685878
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42685878/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127371](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijpharm.2026.127371)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This preclinical study describes a **pH-responsive**, dual-delivery topical platform for cellulitis combining **Ofloxacin-loaded nanoparticles** with a mucoadhesive in situ gel that also contains lidocaine for immediate analgesia. - Nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation using **Eudragit S100** as the encapsulating polymer, optimized by Design of Experiments to achieve high entrapment and nanoscale size. - Reported nanoparticle characteristics included an entrapment efficiency of approximately **96%** and particle sizes in the **85–110 nm** range. - Nanoparticles were incorporated into a Carbopol–HPMC-based **in situ gel** that undergoes a **pH-triggered sol–gel transition**, showing increased viscosity under simulated wound conditions. - The formulation provided immediate pain relief potential via **lidocaine** and sustained antimicrobial delivery via controlled release kinetics of Ofloxacin. - In vitro and ex vivo experiments demonstrated sustained and prolonged drug release after permeation, enhanced retention at the application site, and effective antimicrobial activity confirmed by **MIC and MBC** testing. - In vivo evaluation used Staphylococcus aureus–infected rat models; treated animals showed reduced lesion severity, no skin irritation or inflammation, and accelerated healing compared with controls as reported in the source. - The authors conclude this combined nanoparticle-in-gel system is a promising local therapy for cellulitis offering concurrent analgesia and prolonged antimicrobial exposure that may improve compliance and therapeutic outcomes. - Details on exact experimental parameters, quantitative comparative data beyond the values reported (entrapment, size), and full methodological specifics are presented in the original article; some procedural specifics and numeric endpoints were not reported in the PubMed abstract and therefore are not reproduced here.
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Epub 2026 Sep 2. # Design and preclinical evaluation of a pH-responsive combined drug in situ gel for management of cellulitis [Arnab Kumar Maiti](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Maiti+AK&cauthor_id=42685878)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42685878/#full-view-affiliation-1 "NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, Kolkata, India."), [Maitreyee Mukherjee](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mukherjee+M&cauthor_id=42685878)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42685878/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Bhawanipur Global Campus, Kolkata, India."), [Aparna Datta](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Datta+A&cauthor_id=42685878)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42685878/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Bhawanipur Global Campus, Kolkata, India. Electronic address: adatta75@gmail.com."), [Pravanjan Bhakta](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bhakta+P&cauthor_id=42685878)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42685878/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Bhawanipur Global Campus, Kolkata, India.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, Kolkata, India. * 2 Bhawanipur Global Campus, Kolkata, India. * 3 Bhawanipur Global Campus, Kolkata, India. Electronic address: adatta75@gmail.com. * PMID: **42685878** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127371 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127371) Item in Clipboard # Design and preclinical evaluation of a pH-responsive combined drug in situ gel for management of cellulitis Arnab Kumar Maiti et al. Int J Pharm. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Int J Pharm Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Int+J+Pharm%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Int+J+Pharm%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42685878/) . 2026 Oct 5:703:127371. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127371. Epub 2026 Sep 2. ### Authors [Arnab Kumar Maiti](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Maiti+AK&cauthor_id=42685878)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42685878/#short-view-affiliation-1 "NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, Kolkata, India."), [Maitreyee Mukherjee](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mukherjee+M&cauthor_id=42685878)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42685878/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Bhawanipur Global Campus, Kolkata, India."), [Aparna Datta](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Datta+A&cauthor_id=42685878)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42685878/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Bhawanipur Global Campus, Kolkata, India. Electronic address: adatta75@gmail.com."), [Pravanjan Bhakta](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bhakta+P&cauthor_id=42685878)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42685878/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Bhawanipur Global Campus, Kolkata, India.") ### Affiliations * 1 NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, Kolkata, India. * 2 Bhawanipur Global Campus, Kolkata, India. * 3 Bhawanipur Global Campus, Kolkata, India. Electronic address: adatta75@gmail.com. * PMID: **42685878** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127371 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127371) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract Global disease patterns are being rapidly reshaped by environmental changes such as rising temperatures, pollution, and more frequent natural disasters. Notable effects include a rise in skin infections, such as cellulitis, as well as upper respiratory and urinary tract infections. Cellulitis, an acute bacterial infection predominantly caused by S. aureus and Streptococcus species, is clinically challenging due to recurrence, primarily because of antimicrobial resistance and limitations of standard systemic therapies. Oral antibiotics like ofloxacin, though effective, are associated with significant suboptimal drug localization, systemic adverse effects and necessitate reliable and more targeted therapeutic approaches. This study reports the development and optimization of a pH-sensitive nanoparticle-loaded in situ gel for the local management of cellulitis. As the encapsulating polymer, Eudragit® S100 was used to load Ofloxacin via the nanoprecipitation method and optimized through Design of Experiments, achieving high entrapment efficiency of ∼96% and a nano size of 85-110 nm. These nanoparticles were incorporated into a Carbopol-HPMC-based in situ gel containing lidocaine to provide immediate pain-relieving action. The system exhibited pH-triggered sol-gel transition, enhanced viscosity under simulated wound conditions, and sustained drug release following controlled kinetics. In vitro and ex vivo studies demonstrated prolonged drug release post permeation, effective antimicrobial activity driven by MIC and MBC tests, and improved retention. In vivo evaluation in S. aureus-infected rat models confirmed reduced lesion severity, absence of skin irritation, inflammation and accelerated healing. Overall, this dual-delivery platform renders a promising scheme for concurrent pain management and sustained antimicrobial therapy, potentially improving patient compliance by altering therapeutic outcomes in cellulitis treatment. **Keywords:** Cellulitis; In situ gel; Ofloxacin; Sustained antimicrobial therapy; pH-responsive drug delivery. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## Similar articles * [ Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutic Strategies in Respiratory Diseases: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41340279/) Cinar O, Kimiz-Gebologlu I, Oncel SS.Cinar O, et al.Thorac Res Pract. 2025 Dec 1;26(Suppl 1):31-33. doi: 10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.s012.Thorac Res Pract. 2025.PMID: 41340279Free PMC article. * [ Formulation and Optimization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle-based Gel for Dermal Delivery of Linezolid using Taguchi Design. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38243985/) Chauhan I, Singh L.Chauhan I, et al.Recent Adv Antiinfect Drug Discov. 2024;19(4):322-347. doi: 10.2174/0127724344280309240103062810.Recent Adv Antiinfect Drug Discov. 2024.PMID: 38243985 * [ Thymoquinone-loaded Nanosized Ethosomal-based Hydrogels: Their Preparation, Characterization, _In Vitro, Ex Vivo_ , and Antimicrobial Evaluation against _Staphylococcus aureus_. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39851112/) Pathak P, Almalki WH, Alruwaili NK, Alzahrani A, Almujri SS, Alhamyani A, Altamimi ASA, Sahoo A, Singh T, Barkat MA, Kumar V, Verma A, Rahman M.Pathak P, et al.Curr Med Chem. 2025;32(22):4585-4601. doi: 10.2174/0109298673341004250101104428.Curr Med Chem. 2025.PMID: 39851112 * [ Formulation of topical gel contains a novel benzoic acid derivative for skin infection treatment: _in vitro_ and _in vivo_ evaluations. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39932314/) Abdel-Rheem AA, Radwan AA, Mahrous GM, Shaaban DZ, Alghaith AF, Al-Agamy MH, Hetta HF, Shazly GA, Bains A, Altamimi MA.Abdel-Rheem AA, et al.Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2025 Mar;51(3):262-272. doi: 10.1080/03639045.2025.2464793. Epub 2025 Feb 16.Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2025.PMID: 39932314 * [ Itraconazole-Loaded Polycaprolactone Nanoparticle Gel for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery: Development, Characterization, and ex vivo Evaluation. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41466803/) Hussain S, Malik NS, Tulain UR, Erum A, Mahmood A, Akram S, Javaid A, Jabeen A, Shao C, Wang S, Younas A.Hussain S, et al.Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Dec 24;20:15655-15681. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S560741. eCollection 2025.Int J Nanomedicine. 2025.PMID: 41466803Free PMC article. 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