---
title: "Pharmacist-Led Antimicrobial Stewardship Improves Antibiotic Prescribing for Pediatric CAP in Viet"
id: "pubmed-42676278"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42676278"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/"
doi: "10.1002/jac5.70279"
published_at: "2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Pharmacist-Led Antimicrobial Stewardship Improves Antibiotic Prescribing for Pediatric CAP in Viet
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42676278
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/)
- **DOI:** [10.1002/jac5.70279](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjac5.70279)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Study evaluated a **pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship** intervention for children aged 2 months to 5 years hospitalized with **community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)** at a provincial maternal and pediatric referral hospital in Vietnam. - Quasi-experimental before-and-after design reviewed 560 paper records (280 pre-intervention, Jan–Jun 2024; 280 post-intervention, Jan–Jun 2025) of patients who received systemic antibiotics. - Intervention components: locally adapted prescribing guidance, two in-person educational seminars, printed and digital prescribing tools, and case-triggered face-to-face audit and feedback by pharmacists. - Appropriateness was assessed against hospital protocol, Vietnamese national guidance, the Vietnam National Drug Formulary, and manufacturer information. - Overall appropriateness rose from 60.36% (169/280) to 86.79% (243/280); this increase was statistically significant (p < 0.001). - Improvements were driven largely by better **dose** appropriateness (67.14% to 90.71%) and **dosing-interval** appropriateness (90.36% to 98.57%), both with p < 0.001. - Before the intervention, factors associated with inappropriate prescribing included age < 12 months (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.5; p = 0.003) and combination therapy (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.75–12.1; p = 0.001). - Authors conclude that structured pharmacist participation was associated with substantial improvement and support sustained pharmacist involvement in pediatric antimicrobial stewardship in provincial Vietnamese hospitals. - Details on longer-term outcomes, cost, implementation barriers, and concurrent secular trends were not reported in the abstract.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42676278%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/af7de7da-df5d-41c6-8de4-8c266af8ccfb/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42676278%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42676278%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#abstract) * [ References ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#references) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#mesh-terms) * [ Substances ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#substances) Title & authors Abstract References MeSH terms Substances J Am Coll Clin Pharm Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Am+Coll+Clin+Pharm%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Am+Coll+Clin+Pharm%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) . 2026 Sep;9(9):e70279. doi: 10.1002/jac5.70279. # Pharmacist-Led Antimicrobial Stewardship Optimizes Antibiotic Prescribing for Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Vietnam: A Quasi-Experimental Before-and-After Study [Thang Nguyen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nguyen+T&cauthor_id=42676278)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam."), [Trang Thuy Thi Tran](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tran+TTT&cauthor_id=42676278)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pharmacy, Women's and Children's Hospital of Kien Giang, Rach Gia, An Giang Province, Vietnam."), [Thu Ngoc Chau Phan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Phan+TNC&cauthor_id=42676278)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam."), [Ly Truong Cam Nguyen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nguyen+LTC&cauthor_id=42676278)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam."), [Phuong Minh Nguyen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nguyen+PM&cauthor_id=42676278)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Pediatrics, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam. * 2 Department of Pharmacy, Women's and Children's Hospital of Kien Giang, Rach Gia, An Giang Province, Vietnam. * 3 Department of Pediatrics, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam. * PMID: **42676278** * DOI: [ 10.1002/jac5.70279 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70279) Item in Clipboard # Pharmacist-Led Antimicrobial Stewardship Optimizes Antibiotic Prescribing for Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Vietnam: A Quasi-Experimental Before-and-After Study Thang Nguyen et al. J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2026 Sep. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID J Am Coll Clin Pharm Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Am+Coll+Clin+Pharm%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Am+Coll+Clin+Pharm%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) . 2026 Sep;9(9):e70279. doi: 10.1002/jac5.70279. ### Authors [Thang Nguyen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nguyen+T&cauthor_id=42676278)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam."), [Trang Thuy Thi Tran](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tran+TTT&cauthor_id=42676278)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pharmacy, Women's and Children's Hospital of Kien Giang, Rach Gia, An Giang Province, Vietnam."), [Thu Ngoc Chau Phan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Phan+TNC&cauthor_id=42676278)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam."), [Ly Truong Cam Nguyen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nguyen+LTC&cauthor_id=42676278)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam."), [Phuong Minh Nguyen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nguyen+PM&cauthor_id=42676278)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Pediatrics, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam. * 2 Department of Pharmacy, Women's and Children's Hospital of Kien Giang, Rach Gia, An Giang Province, Vietnam. * 3 Department of Pediatrics, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam. * PMID: **42676278** * DOI: [ 10.1002/jac5.70279 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70279) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** Suboptimal antibiotic prescribing for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) contributes to avoidable harm and antimicrobial resistance, yet evidence on pharmacist-led stewardship in low- and middle-income countries remains limited. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship intervention on antibiotic prescribing appropriateness for pediatric CAP in Vietnam. **Methods:** We conducted a quasi-experimental before-and-after study at a provincial maternal and pediatric referral hospital. Using monthly stratified systematic sampling, we reviewed 560 unique paper-based medical records of children aged 2 months to 5 years who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of CAP and received systemic antibiotics (280 records in January-June 2024 and 280 in January-June 2025). The intervention comprised locally adapted prescribing guidance, two in-person educational seminars, printed and digital prescribing tools, and case-triggered face-to-face audit and feedback. Appropriateness was evaluated against the hospital protocol, Vietnamese national guidance, the Vietnam National Drug Formulary, and manufacturer information. Proportions were compared between periods; exploratory univariable logistic regression examined factors associated with inappropriate prescribing before the intervention. **Results:** Overall appropriateness increased from 60.36% (169/280) to 86.79% (243/280; p . 3. 1. K. Grimwood and A. B. Chang, “Long‐Term Effects of Pneumonia in Young Children,” Pneumonia 6 (2015): 101–114, . 4. 1. J. A. Bielicki, W. Stöhr, S. Barratt, et al., “Effect of Amoxicillin Dose and Treatment Duration on the Need for Antibiotic Re‐Treatment in Children With Community‐Acquired Pneumonia: The CAP‐IT Randomized Clinical Trial,” Journal of the American Medical Association 326, no. 17 (2021): 1713–1724, . 5. 1. G. Brigadoi, S. Rossin, D. Visentin, et al., “The Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes in Paediatric Emergency Departments and Primary Care: A Systematic Review,” Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease 10 (2023): 20499361221141771, . Show all 28 references ## MeSH terms * Anti-Bacterial Agents* / administration & dosage Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents%2Fadministration+and+dosage%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Anti-Bacterial+Agents) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Anti-Bacterial+Agents) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * Antimicrobial Stewardship* / methods Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Antimicrobial+Stewardship%2Fmethods%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Antimicrobial+Stewardship) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * Antimicrobial Stewardship* / organization & administration Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Antimicrobial+Stewardship%2Forganization+and+administration%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Antimicrobial+Stewardship) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * Child, Preschool Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Child%2C+Preschool%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Child%2C+Preschool) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * Community-Acquired Pneumonia* / drug therapy Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Community-Acquired+Pneumonia%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Community-Acquired+Pneumonia) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * Female Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * Inappropriate Prescribing / prevention & control Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Inappropriate+Prescribing%2Fprevention+and+control%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Inappropriate+Prescribing) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * Infant Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infant%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Infant) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * Male Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * Pharmacists* / organization & administration Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pharmacists%2Forganization+and+administration%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Pharmacists) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * Practice Patterns, Pharmacists'* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Practice+Patterns%2C+Pharmacists%27%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Practice+Patterns%2C+Pharmacists%27) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * Professional Role Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Professional+Role%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Professional+Role) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * Vietnam Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vietnam%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Vietnam) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) ## Substances * Anti-Bacterial Agents Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents%22) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) [x] Cite Copy Download .nbib .nbib Format: AMA APA MLA NLM **Send To** * [Clipboard](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * [Email](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42676278%2F%23open-email-panel) * [Save](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676278/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go
## Related Clinical Research

- [Cave-dwelling bats in southeastern Nigeria harbor Trypanosoma livingstonei: molecular evidence fro](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-10-cave-dwelling-bats-as-hosts-of-trypanosoma-livingstonei-evidence-from-peri.md)
- [Antibiotic prescribing patterns and consumption among privately insured beneficiaries in Saudi Ara](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-open-10-real-world-evidence-on-antibiotic-use-among-privately-insured-beneficiaries-in.md)
- [Genomic epidemiology and emerging antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Paratyphi A from Australi](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-13-genomic-epidemiology-and-emerging-antimicrobial-resistance-profiles-of.md)
- [Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Residues Detected in Retail Red Meat in Bangladesh](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-3-determination-of-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-and-antibiotic-residues-in-red.md)
- [Helicobacter pylori burden and antimicrobial resistance in Cameroon: prevalence, clinical impact,](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42579701.md) (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0006486)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Infectious Disease Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.