---
title: "Routine immunization retention gaps in the Dominican Republic: zero-dose, dropout, and HPV coverag"
id: "pubmed-42551400"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42551400"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42551400/"
doi: "10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129006"
published_at: "2026-08-30T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Routine immunization retention gaps in the Dominican Republic: zero-dose, dropout, and HPV coverag
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42551400
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42551400/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129006](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2026.129006)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-30T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This analysis evaluated routine immunization performance in the Dominican Republic during the mid-term monitoring period of the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030), covering 2019–2025 using IA2030 dashboard data and updated 2025 WHO/UNICEF and WUENIC estimates. - Key indicators assessed included national vaccine coverage, counts of **zero-dose** and **under-vaccinated** children, the **DTP1-to-DTP3 dropout** rate, antigen-specific coverage through 2025, and subnational inequality through 2024. - The study calculated the Breadth of Protection Index, which rose from 77.92% in 2019 to 85.62% in 2025 (2025 value calculated per WHO definition). - The number of **zero-dose** children declined from 8,262 to 5,839 between 2019 and 2025, falling below the expected 2025 trajectory of 6,009. - Conversely, **under-vaccinated** children increased from 14,459 to 19,463 in the same period, and the national **dropout** rate reached 10.3%. - Completed **HPV** vaccination coverage among girls increased markedly from 6% to 56% but remained the lowest among selected indicators. - The analysis identified an uneven post-pandemic recovery with persistent retention gaps and documented subnational inequities through 2024, indicating a need for targeted action to improve retention and equity. - The abstract does not report detailed subnational figures, specific methods beyond data sources, nor programmatic recommendations beyond the need for targeted action.
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Epub 2026 Aug 4. # Beyond zero-dose: routine immunization retention gaps in the Dominican Republic, 2019-2025 [Manuel Colomé-Hidalgo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Colom%C3%A9-Hidalgo+M&cauthor_id=42551400)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42551400/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo \(UASD\), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Electronic address: mcolome17@uasd.edu.do."), [José Brea](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Brea+J&cauthor_id=42551400)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42551400/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Sociedad Latinoamericana de Vacunología \(SLV\), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Electronic address: mcolome17@uasd.edu.do. * 2 Sociedad Latinoamericana de Vacunología (SLV), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. * PMID: **42551400** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129006 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129006) Item in Clipboard # Beyond zero-dose: routine immunization retention gaps in the Dominican Republic, 2019-2025 Manuel Colomé-Hidalgo et al. Vaccine. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Vaccine Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vaccine%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Vaccine%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42551400/) . 2026 Aug 30:89:129006. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129006. Epub 2026 Aug 4. ### Authors [Manuel Colomé-Hidalgo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Colom%C3%A9-Hidalgo+M&cauthor_id=42551400)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42551400/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo \(UASD\), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Electronic address: mcolome17@uasd.edu.do."), [José Brea](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Brea+J&cauthor_id=42551400)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42551400/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Sociedad Latinoamericana de Vacunología \(SLV\), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.") ### Affiliations * 1 Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Electronic address: mcolome17@uasd.edu.do. * 2 Sociedad Latinoamericana de Vacunología (SLV), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. * PMID: **42551400** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129006 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129006) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract We assessed routine immunization performance in the Dominican Republic during the mid-term monitoring period of the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030). Using IA2030 dashboard data for 2019-2024 and updated 2025 WUENIC and WHO/UNICEF HPV estimates, we analyzed national coverage, zero-dose and under-vaccinated children, DTP1-to-DTP3 dropout, antigen-specific coverage through 2025, and subnational inequality through 2024. The Breadth of Protection Index increased from 77.92% in 2019 to 85.62% in 2025; the 2025 value was calculated according to the WHO definition. Zero-dose children decreased from 8262 to 5839, below the expected 2025 trajectory of 6009. Under-vaccinated children increased from 14,459 to 19,463, while the dropout rate reached 10.3%. Completed HPV vaccination coverage among girls increased from 6% to 56% but remained the lowest selected indicator. Post-pandemic recovery was uneven, with persistent retention gaps and subnational inequities requiring targeted action. **Keywords:** DTP3 dropout; Dominican Republic; Immunization Agenda 2030; Routine immunization; Under-vaccination; Zero-dose children. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## Similar articles * [ Timor-Leste's immunization journey: progress, challenges, and the road to IA2030 a viewpoint on leaving no child behind. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42202422/) da Silva Marques M, de Neri Machado F, Soares NG, Dos Santos NB, de Oliveira JB, Sarmento N, da Costa Amaral BV, Babo LNMG, Amaral AXB, Mali MA.da Silva Marques M, et al.Vaccine. 2026 Jun 20;86:128746. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128746. Epub 2026 May 27.Vaccine. 2026.PMID: 42202422Review. * [ Routine Vaccination Coverage - Worldwide, 2020. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34710074/) Muhoza P, Danovaro-Holliday MC, Diallo MS, Murphy P, Sodha SV, Requejo JH, Wallace AS.Muhoza P, et al.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Oct 29;70(43):1495-1500. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7043a1.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021.PMID: 34710074Free PMC article. * [ Reducing zero-dose children and improving routine immunization following COVID-19 through community health workers in Cameroon. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604225/) Ngoe MN, Oben PB, Nebongo DN, Tayoh Yelluma PB, Nsanda WF, Watkins M.Ngoe MN, et al.Pan Afr Med J. 2026 Apr 15;53:160. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2026.53.160.48816. eCollection 2026.Pan Afr Med J. 2026.PMID: 42604225Free PMC article. * [ Persistent measles immunization gaps in LMICs: Insights from the 2024 revision of the WHO/UNICEF estimates of National Immunization Coverage. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41621116/) Mwale M.Mwale M.Vaccine. 2026 Mar 7;75:128298. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128298. Epub 2026 Jan 31.Vaccine. 2026.PMID: 41621116 * [ HPV vaccination in the WHO South-East Asia Region: A scoping review of uptake, implementation challenges, and pathways to acceleration. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42518306/) Kolambkar S, Tomar M, Arif N, Hussain S, Gupta E, Singh S.Kolambkar S, et al.Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2026 Dec;22(1):2693359. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2026.2693359. Epub 2026 Jul 28.Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2026.PMID: 42518306Free PMC article. 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