---
title: "Sales of veterinary antimicrobials in Bangladesh, 2023: volumes, classes and routes"
id: "pubmed-42676771"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42676771"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/"
doi: "10.2471/BLT.25.294366"
published_at: "2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Sales of veterinary antimicrobials in Bangladesh, 2023: volumes, classes and routes
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42676771
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/)
- **DOI:** [10.2471/BLT.25.294366](https://doi.org/10.2471%2FBLT.25.294366)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Objective: Estimate the volume and patterns of **antimicrobial** sales for food-producing animals in Bangladesh in 2023 to inform national policy. - Method: Used the World Organisation for Animal Health animal antimicrobial use calculation module to collect data and calculate quantities sold, disaggregated by class, active molecule and route of administration. - Overall volume: Total sales for food-producing animals in 2023 were 475,750 kg across 301 products and 38 active molecules. - Route of administration: **Oral administration** dominated, accounting for 95.91% (456,301 kg) of total antimicrobials sold. - Top classes: **Tetracyclines** were the largest class by weight (32.22%, 153,274 kg), followed by **aminoglycosides** (19.77%, 94,044 kg). - Leading active molecules: Chlortetracycline, neomycin, ceftriaxone, oxytetracycline, metronidazole, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin comprised 79.34% (377,438 kg) of total sales. - Critically important antimicrobials: Slightly more than one fifth of sold antimicrobials were from classes listed by WHO as **highest priority critically important antimicrobials** for humans (third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and other quinolones, and polymyxins). - Interpretation: Findings indicate substantial use—and potential overuse or misuse—of antimicrobials in food-producing animals in Bangladesh and support the need for policy interventions and strengthened veterinary antimicrobial stewardship. - Policy relevance: Data provide baseline evidence to support Bangladesh’s National action plan on antimicrobial resistance and to inform evidence-based regulatory and stewardship measures. - Source limitations: The abstract does not report data-collection timeframe specifics beyond 2023, denominators such as animal biomass, or details on distribution by animal species; those details were not reported in the source abstract.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Jun 15. # Sales of antimicrobials for veterinary use, Bangladesh, 2023 [Sm Sabrina Yesmin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yesmin+SS&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Delfy Góchez](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=G%C3%B3chez+D&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#full-view-affiliation-2 "World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France."), [Tanvir Ahmed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ahmed+T&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Mohammad Nayeem Golder](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Golder+MN&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Pondpan Suwanthada](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Suwanthada+P&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#full-view-affiliation-2 "World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France."), [Niels Frederik Fabricius](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fabricius+NF&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#full-view-affiliation-3 "The Danish Veterinary, Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark."), [Mahbub Hossain](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hossain+M&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Atm Golam Kibria Khan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Khan+AGK&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Romel Mullick](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mullick+R&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Md Shariful Islam](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Islam+MS&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Umme Habiba](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Habiba+U&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#full-view-affiliation-4 "School of Public Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia."), [Aninda Rahman](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rahman+A&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh."), [Md Ashraf Hossain](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hossain+MA&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Md Shameem Haidar](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Haidar+MS&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh. * 2 World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France. * 3 The Danish Veterinary, Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark. * 4 School of Public Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia. * 5 Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh. * PMID: **42676771** * PMCID: [ PMC13527688 ](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13527688/) * DOI: [ 10.2471/BLT.25.294366 ](https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.25.294366) Item in Clipboard # Sales of antimicrobials for veterinary use, Bangladesh, 2023 Sm Sabrina Yesmin et al. Bull World Health Organ. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Bull World Health Organ Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bull+World+Health+Organ%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Bull+World+Health+Organ%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/) . 2026 Sep 1;104(9):613-621. doi: 10.2471/BLT.25.294366. Epub 2026 Jun 15. ### Authors [Sm Sabrina Yesmin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yesmin+SS&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Delfy Góchez](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=G%C3%B3chez+D&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#short-view-affiliation-2 "World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France."), [Tanvir Ahmed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ahmed+T&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Mohammad Nayeem Golder](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Golder+MN&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Pondpan Suwanthada](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Suwanthada+P&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#short-view-affiliation-2 "World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France."), [Niels Frederik Fabricius](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fabricius+NF&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#short-view-affiliation-3 "The Danish Veterinary, Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark."), [Mahbub Hossain](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hossain+M&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Atm Golam Kibria Khan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Khan+AGK&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Romel Mullick](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mullick+R&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Md Shariful Islam](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Islam+MS&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Umme Habiba](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Habiba+U&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#short-view-affiliation-4 "School of Public Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia."), [Aninda Rahman](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rahman+A&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh."), [Md Ashraf Hossain](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hossain+MA&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh."), [Md Shameem Haidar](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Haidar+MS&cauthor_id=42676771)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh.") ### Affiliations * 1 Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Aushad Bhaban, 46 Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh. * 2 World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France. * 3 The Danish Veterinary, Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark. * 4 School of Public Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia. * 5 Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh. * PMID: **42676771** * PMCID: [ PMC13527688 ](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13527688/) * DOI: [ 10.2471/BLT.25.294366 ](https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.25.294366) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract in [ English, ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#eng-abstract) [ French, ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#fra-abstract) [ Spanish, ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#spa-abstract) [ Arabic, ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#ara-abstract) [ Chinese, ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#zho-abstract) [ Russian ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676771/#rus-abstract) **Objective:** To estimate the volume and patterns of antimicrobial sale for food-producing animals in Bangladesh and to provide evidence to support national policy decisions. **Methods:** We used the World Organisation for Animal Health tool (animal antimicrobial use calculation module) for data collection and calculation of quantities of antimicrobials used in animals. We collected data on the overall amount of antimicrobials sold for use in food-producing animals, disaggregated by antimicrobial class, active molecule and route of administration. **Findings:** In 2023, 475 750 kg of antimicrobials were sold for use in animals across 301 products and 38 molecules. Oral administration accounted for 95.91% (456 301/475 750) of total antimicrobials sold. Tetracyclines were the most sold antimicrobial class, accounting for 32.22% (153 274/475 750) of antimicrobials sold for use in food-producing animals. The second most-sold class was aminoglycosides at 19.77% (94 044/475 750) of total sales. As regards to active molecules, chlortetracycline, neomycin, ceftriaxone, oxytetracycline, metronidazole, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin accounted for 79.34% (377 438/475 749) of the total national antimicrobial sale. Just over one fifth of the antimicrobials sold belong to classes considered to be highest priority critically important antimicrobials for humans (according to the World Health Organization's list). These classes were third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, other quinolones and polymyxins. **Conclusion:** Our findings highlight antimicrobial overuse and misuse in food-producing animals in Bangladesh and the need for policy interventions to combat antimicrobial resistance. Our report provides baseline data to support Bangladesh's _National action plan on antimicrobial resistance_ and enable evidence-based policy development and strengthening of antimicrobial stewardship in the veterinary sector. **Objectif:** Estimer le volume et les tendances des ventes d’antimicrobiens chez les animaux destinés à l’alimentation au Bangladesh et fournir des données factuelles pour étayer les décisions politiques nationales. **Méthodes:** Nous avons utilisé l’outil de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (module de calcul de l’utilisation d’antimicrobiens chez les animaux) pour la collecte de données et le calcul des quantités d’antimicrobiens employées chez les animaux. Nous avons recueilli des données sur les ventes totales d’antimicrobiens pour animaux destinés à l’alimentation, ventilées par classe d’antimicrobiens, principe actif et voie d’administration. **Résultats:** En 2023 ont été vendus 475 750 kg d’antimicrobiens pour animaux, répartis en 301 produits et 38 principes actifs. L’administration par voie orale représentait 95,91% (456 301 sur 475 750) du total des antimicrobiens vendus. Les tétracyclines constituaient la classe d’antimicrobiens la plus vendue, se montant à 32,22% (153 274 sur 475 750) des ventes d’antimicrobiens pour animaux destinés à l’alimentation. La deuxième classe d’antimicrobiens la plus vendue était celle des aminoglycosides, avec 19,77% (94 044 sur 475 750) des ventes totales. En ce qui concerne les principes actifs, la chlortétracycline, la néomycine, la ceftriaxone, l’oxytétracycline, le métronidazole, le sulfaméthoxazole, la ciprofloxacine et l’enrofloxacine représentaient 79,34% (377 438 sur 475 749) des ventes nationales totales d’antimicrobiens. Un peu plus d’un cinquième des antimicrobiens vendus appartiennent à des classes considérées comme des antimicrobiens d’importance critique et de priorité absolue pour l’être humain (selon la liste de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé). Ces classes comprenaient les céphalosporines de troisième et quatrième générations, les flu
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