---
title: "Serum metabolome shifts after clade C HIV DNA-prime/protein-boost in rhesus macaques"
id: "pubmed-42696823"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42696823"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42696823/"
doi: "10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129115"
published_at: "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Serum metabolome shifts after clade C HIV DNA-prime/protein-boost in rhesus macaques
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42696823
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42696823/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129115](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2026.129115)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Investigators applied untargeted serum **metabolomics** to nine rhesus macaques immunized with a clade C **HIV** DNA-prime/protein-boost regimen, sampling at weeks 0, 1, 2 and 8 after the first protein boost. - Vaccination induced rapid metabolic changes that persisted; lipid pathways showed the largest and most sustained perturbations across sampled timepoints. - Free fatty acids were transiently depleted during the effector phase, while acylcholines, lysophospholipids and endocannabinoid-like ethanolamides remained elevated through week 8. - Amino acid–related signals rose and persisted: glutamate, γ-glutamyl amino acids and glycylvaline were elevated through week 8. - Data indicated ongoing nitrogen recycling, increased glutathione turnover and elevated proteolytic activity following boost. - High antibody responders exhibited distinct baseline and effector-phase signatures: higher markers of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and lower bile acid levels at baseline, plus greater membrane lipid remodeling during the effector phase. - The study identifies candidate serum metabolic correlates of vaccine immunogenicity; the authors noted these require prospective validation. - The abstract did not report specific dosing, injection schedule beyond sampling windows, nor detailed assay parameters for metabolite identification.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Sep 4. # Acute immunometabolic reprogramming following clade C HIV immunization in rhesus macaques [Laura Arroyo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Arroyo+L&cauthor_id=42696823)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42696823/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Program in Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA."), [Reben Raeman](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Raeman+R&cauthor_id=42696823)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42696823/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Organ Pathobiology and Therapeutics Institute \(OPTIn\), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center \(PLRC\), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA."), [Smita S Iyer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Iyer+SS&cauthor_id=42696823)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42696823/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: ssi13@pitt.edu.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Program in Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. * 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Organ Pathobiology and Therapeutics Institute (OPTIn), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. * 3 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: ssi13@pitt.edu. * PMID: **42696823** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129115 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129115) Free article Item in Clipboard # Acute immunometabolic reprogramming following clade C HIV immunization in rhesus macaques Laura Arroyo et al. Vaccine. 2026. Free article Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Vaccine Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vaccine%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Vaccine%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42696823/) . 2026 Oct 24:92:129115. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129115. Epub 2026 Sep 4. ### Authors [Laura Arroyo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Arroyo+L&cauthor_id=42696823)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42696823/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Program in Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA."), [Reben Raeman](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Raeman+R&cauthor_id=42696823)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42696823/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Organ Pathobiology and Therapeutics Institute \(OPTIn\), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center \(PLRC\), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA."), [Smita S Iyer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Iyer+SS&cauthor_id=42696823)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42696823/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: ssi13@pitt.edu.") ### Affiliations * 1 Program in Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. * 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Organ Pathobiology and Therapeutics Institute (OPTIn), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. * 3 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: ssi13@pitt.edu. * PMID: **42696823** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129115 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129115) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract Immunometabolism shapes vaccine immunogenicity, yet how HIV vaccine platforms affect metabolic programs and whether those programs predict immunogenicity remain poorly understood. We applied untargeted serum metabolomics to nine rhesus macaques receiving an HIV-1 DNA-prime/protein-boost regimen, sampling at weeks 0, 1, 2, and 8 after first protein boost. Vaccination induced acute and sustained metabolic changes. Lipid metabolism showed the broadest perturbation: free fatty acids were transiently depleted during the effector phase, while acylcholines, lysophospholipids, and endocannabinoid-like ethanolamides remained elevated through week 8. Glutamate, γ-glutamyl amino acids, and glycylvaline were elevated through week 8, with continued nitrogen recycling, glutathione turnover, and proteolytic activity. High antibody responders showed greater mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and lower bile acid levels at baseline, and greater membrane lipid remodeling at the effector phase. These data define metabolic signatures of HIV vaccination and identify serum correlates of immunogenicity for prospective validation. **Keywords:** Antibody; HIV; Metabolomics; Tfh cells. Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## Similar articles * [ Immunogenicity in Mamu-A*01 rhesus macaques of a CCR5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope from the primary isolate (Bx08) after synthetic DNA prime and recombinant adenovirus 5 boost. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12533717/) Vinner L, Wee EG, Patel S, Corbet S, Gao GP, Nielsen C, Wilson JM, Ertl HCJ, Hanke T, Fomsgaard A.Vinner L, et al.J Gen Virol. 2003 Jan;84(Pt 1):203-213. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.18589-0.J Gen Virol. 2003.PMID: 12533717 * [ Rectal Microbiome Composition Correlates with Humoral Immunity to HIV-1 in Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31826975/) Elizaldi SR, Verma A, Walter KA, Rolston M, Dinasarapu AR, Durbin-Johnson BP, Settles M, Kozlowski PA, Raeman R, Iyer SS.Elizaldi SR, et al.mSphere. 2019 Dec 11;4(6):e00824-19. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00824-19.mSphere. 2019.PMID: 31826975Free PMC article. * [ HIV-1 gp120 and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) gp140 Boost Immunogens Increase Immunogenicity of a DNA/MVA HIV-1 Vaccine. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29021394/) Shen X, Basu R, Sawant S, Beaumont D, Kwa SF, LaBranche C, Seaton KE, Yates NL, Montefiori DC, Ferrari G, Wyatt LS, Moss B, Alam SM, Haynes BF, Tomaras GD, Robinson HL.Shen X, et al.J Virol. 2017 Nov 30;91(24):e01077-17. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01077-17. Print 2017 Dec 15.J Virol. 2017.PMID: 29021394Free PMC article. * [ Immunogenicity and efficacy of DNA/MVA HIV vaccines in rhesus macaque models. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28838267/) Chea LS, Amara RR.Chea LS, et al.Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017 Oct;16(10):973-985. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1371594. Epub 2017 Sep 4.Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017.PMID: 28838267Free PMC article.Review. * [ Development of a DNA-MVA/HIVA vaccine for Kenya. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11983261/) Hanke T, McMichael AJ, Mwau M, Wee EG, Ceberej I, Patel S, Sutton J, Tomlinson M, Samuel RV.Hanke T, et al.Vaccine. 2002 May 6;20(15):1995-8. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00085-3.Vaccine. 2002.PMID: 11983261Review. 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