---
title: "Trends in Comorbidities and Fatality Rates in First-Time Hepatitis B Hospitalizations in Poland, 2"
id: "pubmed-42687351"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42687351"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687351/"
doi: "10.12659/MSM.953354"
published_at: "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Trends in Comorbidities and Fatality Rates in First-Time Hepatitis B Hospitalizations in Poland, 2
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42687351
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687351/)
- **DOI:** [10.12659/MSM.953354](https://doi.org/10.12659%2FMSM.953354)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This nationwide retrospective analysis examined first-time hospitalizations for **hepatitis B** in Poland over 2012–2023 using the Nationwide General Hospital Morbidity Study dataset. - The most common comorbidity categories among hospitalized patients were **digestive diseases** (15.6%), cardiovascular diseases (10.5%), and endocrine and metabolic disorders (9.6%). - Temporal trends showed notable increases in digestive disorders (from 12.3% to 27.4%) and metabolic disorders (from 8.5% to 18.5%) across the study period. - Circulatory disease comorbidity rose from 7.4% to 18.6% with stabilization after 2019. - Immune-related and genitourinary disorders increased persistently after 2019; several categories (including neoplasms and respiratory diseases) demonstrated growth followed by decline. - Among individual diagnoses, **hypertension** and **liver fibrosis** were the most frequently recorded and showed sustained or stepwise increases over time. - Age-stratified findings indicated that younger patients more often had infection-related conditions, whereas older patients showed higher prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders and advanced liver disease. - Reported fatality rates rose from 6.8–15.9 per 1000 hospitalizations in 2012–2019 to 23.1–30.7 per 1000 in 2020–2023, with peaks during 2020–2021 and consistently higher mortality in men. - The authors conclude that first-time HBV hospitalizations are increasingly characterized by multimorbidity and rising mortality, especially in older patients, underscoring the need for integrated, age-tailored management and improved surveillance to reduce mortality and optimize care.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Public Health, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland. * 2 Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland. * 3 Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland. * 4 Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. * 5 Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. * 6 Department of Population Health Monitoring and Analysis, National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland. * 7 School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland. * 8 Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland. * 9 Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland. * PMID: **42687351** * DOI: [ 10.12659/MSM.953354 ](https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.953354) Item in Clipboard # Trends in Comorbidities and Fatalities Among First-Time Hepatitis B Hospitalizations in Poland (2012-2023) Agnieszka Genowska et al. Med Sci Monit. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Med Sci Monit Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Med+Sci+Monit%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Med+Sci+Monit%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687351/) . 2026 Sep 3:32:e953354. doi: 10.12659/MSM.953354. ### Authors [Agnieszka Genowska](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Genowska+A&cauthor_id=42687351)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687351/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Public Health, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland."), [Krystyna Dobrowolska](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dobrowolska+K&cauthor_id=42687351)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687351/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland."), [Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zar%C4%99bska-Michaluk+D&cauthor_id=42687351)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687351/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland."), [Jerzy Jaroszewicz](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jaroszewicz+J&cauthor_id=42687351)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687351/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland."), [Krzysztof Kanecki](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kanecki+K&cauthor_id=42687351)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687351/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland."), [Katarzyna Lewtak](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lewtak+K&cauthor_id=42687351)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687351/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.")[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687351/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Department of Population Health Monitoring and Analysis, National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland."), [Paweł Goryński](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gory%C5%84ski+P&cauthor_id=42687351)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687351/#short-view-affiliation-7 "School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland."), [Aneta Nitsch-Osuch](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nitsch-Osuch+A&cauthor_id=42687351)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687351/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland."), [Piotr Rzymski](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rzymski+P&cauthor_id=42687351)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687351/#short-view-affiliation-8 "Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland."), [Robert Flisiak](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Flisiak+R&cauthor_id=42687351)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687351/#short-view-affiliation-9 "Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Public Health, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland. * 2 Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland. * 3 Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland. * 4 Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. * 5 Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. * 6 Department of Population Health Monitoring and Analysis, National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland. * 7 School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland. * 8 Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland. * 9 Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland. * PMID: **42687351** * DOI: [ 10.12659/MSM.953354 ](https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.953354) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract BACKGROUND The clinical profile of patients hospitalized with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is increasingly influenced by coexisting conditions and death patterns. This study aimed to assess comorbidities and fatality rates among patients hospitalized for the first time with HBV between 2012 and 2023. MATERIAL AND METHODS A 12-year retrospective nationwide analysis of first-time HBV hospitalizations in Poland was conducted using data from the Nationwide General Hospital Morbidity Study. RESULTS Digestive diseases (15.6%), cardiovascular diseases (10.5%), and endocrine and metabolic disorders (9.6%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. Between 2012 and 2023, marked increases were observed in digestive (12.3%-27.4%) and metabolic (8.5%-18.5%) disorders, while circulatory diseases rose from 7.4% to 18.6% with post-2019 stabilization. Immune-related and genitourinary disorders demonstrated sustained post-2019 growth, whereas several categories, including neoplasms and respiratory diseases, showed growth-decline patterns. Hypertension and liver fibrosis were the most frequent individual diagnoses, with sustained or stepwise increases over time. Age-stratified analyses revealed a shift from infection-related conditions in younger patients toward cardiometabolic and advanced hepatic diseases in older groups. Fatality rates increased from 6.8-15.9 per 1000 hospitalizations (2012-2019) to 23.1-30.7 per 1000 (2020-2023), peaking during 2020-2021, with higher mortality in men. CONCLUSIONS First-time HBV hospitalizations are increasingly characterized by multimorbidity and rising fatality rates, particularly in older patients. These findings highlight a growing clinical and public health burden, underscoring the need for integrated, age-tailored management and improved surveillance to reduce mortality and optimize HBV care. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Chronic comorbidities, concomitant medications, and treatment patterns of chronic hepatitis B patients receiving nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy: a hospital claims database study in Japan. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41501660/) Nakamoto D, Ohata E, Yuda M, Fukui N, Makino N, Kanamori R, Aoki N, Kanazawa A, Mori H, Nishizaki Y, Yokokawa H, Yano Y, Naito T.Nakamoto D, et al.BMC Infect Dis. 2026 Jan 7;26(1):254. doi: 10.1186/s12879-026-12517-1.BMC Infect Dis. 2026.PMID: 41501660Free PMC article. * [ Hypertension and other comorbidities associated with increased mortality in hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 in spain: a descriptive, retrospective, nationwide study. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41530213/) Gil-Prieto R, Hernandez-Barrera V, Marín-García P, González-Escalada A, Gil-de-Miguel Á.Gil-Prieto R, et al.Sci Rep. 2026 Jan 13;16(1):4439. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-34518-x.Sci Rep. 2026.PMID: 41530213Free PMC article. * [ Nationwide Characteristics of Patients Admitted to Hospital for the First Time Due to Primary Liver Cancer and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer in Poland in 2012-2023. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42649893/) Genowska A, Jaroszewicz J, Zarębska-Michaluk D, Lewtak K, Dobrowolska K, Kanecki K, Parfieniuk-Kowerda A, Nitsch-Osuch A, Rzymski P, Flisiak R.Genowska A, et al.Cancers (Basel). 2026 Aug 11;18(16):2579. doi: 10.3390/cancers18162579.Cancers (Basel). 2026.PMID: 42649893Free PMC article. * [ Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Profiles of Hepatitis D Virus in Nigeria: A Systematic Review, 2009-2024. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39599836/) Adepoju VA, Udah DC, Adnani QES.Adepoju VA, et al.Viruses. 2024 Oct 31;16(11):1723. doi: 10.3390/v16111723.Viruses. 2024.PMID: 39599836Free PMC article. * [ [SENTIERI - Epidemiological Study of Residents in National Priority Contaminated Sites. 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