---
title: "Uptake of at-home dried blood spot screening for HIV, HCV and syphilis among Māori GBM in Aotearoa"
id: "pubmed-42557223"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42557223"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/"
doi: "10.1071/SH25177"
published_at: "2026-08-17T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Uptake of at-home dried blood spot screening for HIV, HCV and syphilis among Māori GBM in Aotearoa
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42557223
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/)
- **DOI:** [10.1071/SH25177](https://doi.org/10.1071%2FSH25177)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-17T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This observational epidemiological study assessed interest in and return of mail-out at-home self-collected **dried blood spots (DBS)** for screening HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C among Indigenous **Māori gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM)** in Aotearoa New Zealand. - The research was embedded in the 2022 national Sex and Prevention of Transmission Study, a bio-behavioural surveillance survey of GBM that offered a DBS kit at the end of an online questionnaire. - Of 495 survey starters who self-identified as Māori, 384 (77.6%) reached the DBS section of the questionnaire. - Among those who reached the DBS question, 246 (66.1%) expressed interest; 215 (87.4% of interested participants) requested and were mailed a DBS kit. - Eighty-five DBS specimens were returned, representing 39.4% of those sent a kit and 22.1% of participants who reached the DBS question. - Participants who reported never having tested for HIV were significantly less likely to return a DBS (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16–0.83). - The authors conclude that at-home self-collected **DBS** was acceptable to roughly one in five Māori GBM participants and could complement clinic-based HIV and STI testing. - The report lists keywords including **Indigenous**, **Māori**, self-collecting, takatāpui, and undiagnosed; full methodological and subgroup details beyond the reported statistics were not provided in the abstract.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. * 2 Burnett Foundation Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand. * 3 HIV Epidemiology Group, Department of Public Health Dunedin, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. * 4 Body Positive Inc, Auckland, New Zealand. * PMID: **42557223** * DOI: [ 10.1071/SH25177 ](https://doi.org/10.1071/sh25177) Free article Item in Clipboard Observational Study # Uptake of at-home self-collected dried blood spots for HIV, hepatitis C and syphilis screening among Māori gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Aotearoa New Zealand: an observational epidemiological study Shanjivan Padarath et al. Sex Health. 2026. Free article Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Sex Health Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sex+Health%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Sex+Health%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/) . 2026 Aug 17;23(4):SH25177. doi: 10.1071/SH25177. ### Authors [Shanjivan Padarath](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Padarath+S&cauthor_id=42557223)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand."), [Kevin Haunui](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Haunui+K&cauthor_id=42557223)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Burnett Foundation Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand."), [Adrian Ludlam](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ludlam+A&cauthor_id=42557223)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand."), [Janine Paynter](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Paynter+J&cauthor_id=42557223)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand."), [Koson Tony Sriamporn](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sriamporn+KT&cauthor_id=42557223)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand."), [Susan M McAllister](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=McAllister+SM&cauthor_id=42557223)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/#short-view-affiliation-3 "HIV Epidemiology Group, Department of Public Health Dunedin, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand."), [Patricia Priest](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Priest+P&cauthor_id=42557223)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/#short-view-affiliation-3 "HIV Epidemiology Group, Department of Public Health Dunedin, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand."), [Mark Fisher](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fisher+M&cauthor_id=42557223)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Body Positive Inc, Auckland, New Zealand."), [Peter J W Saxton](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Saxton+PJW&cauthor_id=42557223)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.") ### Affiliations * 1 School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. * 2 Burnett Foundation Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand. * 3 HIV Epidemiology Group, Department of Public Health Dunedin, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. * 4 Body Positive Inc, Auckland, New Zealand. * PMID: **42557223** * DOI: [ 10.1071/SH25177 ](https://doi.org/10.1071/sh25177) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** HIV testing is an integral component of prevention, reducing undiagnosed infection and promoting early treatment. Indigenous gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM) are at increased risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but may experience difficulties accessing clinical services. At-home blood-based self-collection may offer an alternative that bypasses such barriers. This study aimed to explore uptake of dried blood spots (DBS) among Indigenous Māori GBM in Aotearoa New Zealand. **Methods:** The Sex and Prevention of Transmission Study is a national HIV bio-behavioural surveillance survey of GBM. At the end of the 2022 online questionnaire, participants were offered a mail-out at-home self-collection DBS kit for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C. Specimens were returned using postage-paid courier bags. We assessed interest in DBS, DBS requests and DBS returns among Māori participants. We compared differences in DBS return rates by select characteristics using univariate logistic regression. **Results:** There were 495 participants who started the survey and self-identified as Māori. Of the 77.6% (n = 384) reaching the DBS section, 66.1% (n = 246) showed an interest in DBS. Of these, 87.4% (n = 215) requested and were sent a DBS kit. Eighty-five specimens were returned, 39.4% of those sent a kit and 22.1% of those reaching the DBS question. Māori GBM reporting never testing for HIV (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16-0.83) were less likely to return a DBS. **Conclusion:** At-home self-collected DBS was acceptable to approximately one in five Māori GBM participants, and could complement clinic-based HIV and STI testing. **Keywords:** Indigenous; Māori; blood; intersectionality; race; self-collecting; takatāpui; testing; undiagnosed. © 2026 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Use of Home-Based Self-Collected Dried Blood Spots to Test for Syphilis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis C and B Virus Infections and Measuring Creatinine Concentration. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38430511/) Nieuwenburg SA, Bruisten SM, Heijman T, Vermeulen W, van Dam AP, Schim van der Loeff MF, de Vries HJC.Nieuwenburg SA, et al.Sex Transm Dis. 2024 Apr 1;51(4):283-288. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001941. Epub 2024 Jan 26.Sex Transm Dis. 2024.PMID: 38430511Free PMC article. * [ Testing, diagnosis, and treatment following the implementation of a program to provide dried blood spot testing for HIV and hepatitis C infections: the NSW DBS Pilot. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38287234/) Carrington N, Conway A, Grebely J, Starr M, Catlett B, Stevens A, Prain B, McGrath C, Causer L, Guy R, Holden J, Keen P, Kingsland M, Lu H, Power C, Read P, Murray C, McNulty A, Cunningham P; NSW DBS Pilot Study Group.Carrington N, et al.BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Jan 29;24(1):137. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-08989-8.BMC Infect Dis. 2024.PMID: 38287234Free PMC article. * [ National trends in sexual health indicators among gay and bisexual men disaggregated by ethnicity: repeated cross-sectional behavioural surveillance in New Zealand. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33203634/) Lachowsky NJ, Saxton PJW, Dickson NP, Hughes AJ, Summerlee AJS, Dewey CE.Lachowsky NJ, et al.BMJ Open. 2020 Nov 17;10(11):e039896. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039896.BMJ Open. 2020.PMID: 33203634Free PMC article. * [ Scaling HIV self-testing to improve health equity among cisgender gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men, trans and gender-diverse people in the United Kingdom: An HIV self-testing implementation action framework. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42017223/) Witzel TC, Weatherburn P, Burns FM, Chu IY, Samba P, Rodger AJ.Witzel TC, et al.HIV Med. 2026 Jul;27(7):1038-1054. doi: 10.1111/hiv.70229. Epub 2026 Apr 22.HIV Med. 2026.PMID: 42017223Free PMC article.Review. * [ Online interventions to address HIV and other sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections among young gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men: a systematic review. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29091340/) Knight R, Karamouzian M, Salway T, Gilbert M, Shoveller J.Knight R, et al.J Int AIDS Soc. 2017 Nov;20(3):e25017. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25017.J Int AIDS Soc. 2017.PMID: 29091340Free PMC article. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42557223) ## Publication types * Observational Study Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Observational+Study%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Observational+Study) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/) ## MeSH terms * Adult Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adult%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adult) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/) * Dried Blood Spot Testing* / methods Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dried+Blood+Spot+Testing%2Fmethods%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Dried+Blood+Spot+Testing) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/) * Dried Blood Spot Testing* / statistics & numerical data Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dried+Blood+Spot+Testing%2Fstatistics+and+numerical+data%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Dried+Blood+Spot+Testing) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/) * HIV Infections / diagnosis Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22HIV+Infections%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=HIV+Infections) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/) * HIV Infections / epidemiology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22HIV+Infections%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=HIV+Infections) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557223/) * Hepatitis C / diagnosis Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hepatitis+C%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?t
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