---
title: "Zoonotic risks from European dog imports to the UK: emerging threats and control gaps"
id: "pubmed-41925288"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-41925288"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Infectious Disease"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41925288/"
doi: "10.1002/vetr.70551"
published_at: "2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Zoonotic risks from European dog imports to the UK: emerging threats and control gaps
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-41925288
- **Specialty:** [Infectious Disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/infectious-disease.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41925288/)
- **DOI:** [10.1002/vetr.70551](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fvetr.70551)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The movement of dogs from continental Europe into the UK is an increasing public health concern because it carries risk of **zoonotic** disease incursions. - Current UK pre-import controls are limited: legislation and measures target only **rabies** virus and the fox tapeworm **Echinococcus multilocularis**, leaving other pathogens and vectors inadequately addressed. - The authors performed a scoping review to summarise major zoonotic pathogens and vectors associated with imported dogs, explicitly including agents such as **rabies virus**, **Brucella canis** and exotic tick species. - The review examined the potential for these pathogens and vectors to become established in the UK and considered surveillance and control implications. - The review identifies important gaps: the literature search included only English-language sources, and available data on the numbers of imported dogs and their disease burden are limited. - Raising awareness among veterinary staff is emphasised as central to recognising, managing and preventing imported zoonoses and is framed as integral to a **One Health** approach. - The article highlights the need to strengthen pre-import controls, surveillance, and research to close knowledge gaps and better mitigate the public health risks posed by imported dogs. - The authors present a synthesis of existing evidence rather than new primary data and note limitations in the available evidence base and surveillance systems.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Apr 2. # 'Reservoir dogs': The emerging zoonotic risk associated with European dog imports to the UK [Poppy Simonson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Simonson+P&cauthor_id=41925288)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41925288/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK."), [Tapan Bhattacharyya](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bhattacharyya+T&cauthor_id=41925288)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41925288/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK."), [Michael A Miles](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Miles+MA&cauthor_id=41925288)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41925288/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliation * 1 Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. * PMID: **41925288** * DOI: [ 10.1002/vetr.70551 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.70551) Item in Clipboard Review # 'Reservoir dogs': The emerging zoonotic risk associated with European dog imports to the UK Poppy Simonson et al. Vet Rec. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Vet Rec Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vet+Rec%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Vet+Rec%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41925288/) . 2026 Sep 5;199(5):e238-e249. doi: 10.1002/vetr.70551. Epub 2026 Apr 2. ### Authors [Poppy Simonson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Simonson+P&cauthor_id=41925288)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41925288/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK."), [Tapan Bhattacharyya](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bhattacharyya+T&cauthor_id=41925288)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41925288/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK."), [Michael A Miles](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Miles+MA&cauthor_id=41925288)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41925288/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.") ### Affiliation * 1 Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. * PMID: **41925288** * DOI: [ 10.1002/vetr.70551 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.70551) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** The movement of dogs from continental Europe to the UK poses a growing public health threat due to the associated risk of disease incursions. Current legislation is insufficient to address the risks and pre-import control measures are focused only on rabies virus and the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. **Methods:** We conducted a scoping review to summarise the major zoonotic pathogens and vectors associated with imported dogs (including rabies virus, Brucella canis and exotic tick species), and explore their potential to become established in the UK. Gaps in existing research and surveillance are highlighted, and potential measures to strengthen control are discussed. **Limitations:** Only English-language sources were included in the literature search. Data on imported dogs and their disease burden are limited. **Conclusions:** Raising awareness of the risks among veterinary staff-who play a central role in recognising, managing and preventing imported zoonoses-is integral to a One Health approach. **Keywords:** dog travel; one health; vector‐borne disease; zoonoses. © 2026 The Author(s). Veterinary Record published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Veterinary Association. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Risk Assessment and Management of Brucella canis Introduction via Commercial Dog Imports Into France. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41830398/) Mvumbi P, Zanella G, Crozet G.Mvumbi P, et al.Risk Anal. 2026 Apr;46(4):e70217. doi: 10.1111/risa.70217.Risk Anal. 2026.PMID: 41830398Free PMC article. * [ Analysis of exotic pathogens found in a large group of imported dogs following an animal welfare investigation. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37183184/) Wright I, Whitfield V, Hanaghan R, Upjohn M, Boyden P.Wright I, et al.Vet Rec. 2023 Nov 4;193(9):e2996. doi: 10.1002/vetr.2996. Epub 2023 May 14.Vet Rec. 2023.PMID: 37183184 * [ Pet and Stray Dogs' Contribution to Zoonotic Transmission Pathways: A Bibliometric Review. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40901542/) Langlois T, Hurtrez-Boussès S, de Garine-Wichatitsky M.Langlois T, et al.Transbound Emerg Dis. 2025 Aug 25;2025:5522451. doi: 10.1155/tbed/5522451. eCollection 2025.Transbound Emerg Dis. 2025.PMID: 40901542Free PMC article.Review. * [ First report of the zoonotic tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis in raccoon dogs in Estonia, and comparisons with other countries in Europe. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26165632/) Laurimaa L, Süld K, Moks E, Valdmann H, Umhang G, Knapp J, Saarma U.Laurimaa L, et al.Vet Parasitol. 2015 Sep 15;212(3-4):200-5. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.06.004. Epub 2015 Jun 18.Vet Parasitol. 2015.PMID: 26165632 * [ Disease Risk Assessments Involving Companion Animals: an Overview for 15 Selected Pathogens Taking a European Perspective. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26422413/) Rijks JM, Cito F, Cunningham AA, Rantsios AT, Giovannini A.Rijks JM, et al.J Comp Pathol. 2016 Jul;155(1 Suppl 1):S75-97. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.08.003. Epub 2015 Sep 28.J Comp Pathol. 2016.PMID: 26422413Review. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=41925288) ## References 1. 1. Tancredi D, Cardinali I. Being a dog: a review of the domestication process. Genes. 2023;14:992. 2. 1. Folly AJ, Dorey‐Robinson D, Hernández‐Triana LM, Phipps LP, Johnson N. Emerging threats to animals in the United Kingdom by arthropod‐borne diseases. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:20. 3. 1. Animal and Plant Health Agency. Request for information: dog imports. 2023. 4. 1. Animal and Plant Health Agency. Request for information: non‐commercial dog imports. 2025. 5. 1. Belshaw Z, Packer RMA. Knowledge of UK residents about importing puppies from EU countries. Animals. 2025;15:2193. 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