---
title: "Dopamine reward signals encode learned value expectations that steer foraging choices"
id: "biorxiv-6-dopaminergic-reward-signals-shape-foraging-decisions-through-learned-value"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-6-dopaminergic-reward-signals-shape-foraging-decisions-through-learned-value"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Neurology"
source_name: "bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)"
source_url: "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.760765v1?rss=1"
published_at: "2026-10-22T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Verified Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Dopamine reward signals encode learned value expectations that steer foraging choices
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-6-dopaminergic-reward-signals-shape-foraging-decisions-through-learned-value
- **Specialty:** [Neurology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/neurology.md)
- **Primary Source:** bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.760765v1?rss=1)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-22T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Verified Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Investigators studied mice performing a stay-or-leave patch **foraging** task for water across environments categorized as poor or rich, with locally variable reward outcomes. - The cohort showed that animals integrated immediate rewards, short-term local reward history, and longer-timescale reward expectations (value) when deciding whether to remain in or leave a patch. - Computational modeling identified a time-varying bias term in choice behavior that matched the shape of a learned value function derived from past experience, suggesting value expectations shift moment-to-moment during a patch visit. - The study team observed that dopamine signals in the ventral striatum followed a temporal-difference signal consistent with a **reward prediction error** (RPE), a canonical teaching signal in reinforcement learning frameworks. - Authors noted that calibrated optogenetic stimulation of dopamine to produce fictive reward signals recreated the value-related decision bias, linking causally the dopaminergic teaching signal to altered foraging strategies. - Data indicated a generalized role for biological reinforcement learning mechanisms in ecological decision-making, implicating the dopamine reward circuit in constructing temporally resolved value expectations that guide behavior. - The abstract did not report experimental sample sizes, detailed trial parameters, or specific optogenetic protocols; those methodological details were not provided in the text excerpt used for this rewrite. - The preprint status (not peer-reviewed) and the posting date (October 22, 2026) were reported by the authors; investigators declared no competing interests.
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Lyle E Kingsbury Harvard University * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Lyle%2BE%2BKingsbury%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kingsbury%20LE&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ALyle%2BE%2BKingsbury%2B) * [ORCID record for Lyle E Kingsbury](http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7243-8795 "Open in new tab") * For correspondence: lylekingsbury@gmail.com Hugo May Harvard University * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Hugo%2BMay%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=May%20H&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AHugo%2BMay%2B) Naoshige Uchida Harvard University * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Naoshige%2BUchida%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Uchida%20N&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ANaoshige%2BUchida%2B) * [ORCID record for Naoshige Uchida](http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5755-9409 "Open in new tab") * [Abstract](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.760765v1)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_art/node:5892296/1) * [Info/History](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.760765v1.article-info)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_info/node:5892296/1) * [Metrics](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.760765v1.article-metrics)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_metrics/node:5892296/1) * [ Preview PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.760765v1.full.pdf+html)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_pdf/node:5892296/1) ![Loading](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif) ## Abstract A fundamental function of the nervous system is to direct animals towards life-sustaining resources and enable adaptive strategies for acquiring them. Foraging, the challenge of securing these resources from the environment, requires making decisions that balance local gains against costs, opening a window on value-based decision making in ecological context. Yet despite the centrality of foraging in life, the algorithms and neural mechanisms underlying foraging decisions are not well understood. We studied mice making stay-or-leave patch foraging decisions for water across poor- and rich-resource environments with dynamic local reward outcomes. We found that mice integrate immediate rewards, local reward history, and reward (i.e. value) expectations to guide foraging decisions, favoring greater time investment in rich-environment patches. Computational models revealed influence of a time-varying bias which mirrored the shape of a learned value function. Consistent with a reinforcement learning mechanism, dopamine in the ventral striatum signaled a temporal-difference reward prediction error, which could be used as a teaching signal to construct value functions, and calibrated optogenetic manipulation of dopamine to create fictive reward signals recapitulated the value-related decision bias. Taken together, our results shed new light on the neurocomputational basis of foraging, revealing a novel role for value expectations in dynamic environments. Further, they establish generalized function of biological reinforcement learning in ecological context, demonstrating a specific role for the canonical dopamine reward circuit in shaping temporally resolved value expectations to guide behavior and cognition. The unification of this framework with foraging opens a new avenue to elucidate principles of how animals learn and dynamically adjust cognitive strategies for real-world ecological problems. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a [CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/). bioRxiv and medRxiv thank the following for their generous financial support: > The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the Sergey Brin Family Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, The University of Edinburgh, University of Washington, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. 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[ Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.760765v1.full.pdf) Print/Save Options [Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/22/2026.10.21.760765.full.pdf)Full Text & In-line FiguresXML [More Info](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#PrintOptions "More Information on Print/Save Options") [ Email](https://www.biorxiv.org/ "Email this Article") [ Share](https://www.biorxiv.org/) Dopaminergic reward signals shape foraging decisions through learned value expectations Lyle E Kingsbury, Hugo May, Naoshige Uchida bioRxiv 2026.10.21.760765; doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.21.760765 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. 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