---
title: "Early Life Stress Alters Neural Representations of Mentalizing: Longitudinal fMRI Evidence"
id: "biorxiv-1-the-influence-of-early-life-stress-on-the-development-of-neural-representations"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-1-the-influence-of-early-life-stress-on-the-development-of-neural-representations"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Neurology"
source_name: "bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)"
source_url: "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602v1?rss=1"
published_at: "2026-09-21T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Verified Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Early Life Stress Alters Neural Representations of Mentalizing: Longitudinal fMRI Evidence
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-1-the-influence-of-early-life-stress-on-the-development-of-neural-representations
- **Specialty:** [Neurology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/neurology.md)
- **Primary Source:** bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602v1?rss=1)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-21T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Verified Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This longitudinal fMRI study followed 89 participants across 20 years to examine how **early life stress (ELS)** relates to neural representations involved in mentalizing. - Participants completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (**RMET**) with a matched control condition while undergoing fMRI. - Two distinct ELS indices were analyzed separately: a **prospective cumulative risk score** derived from caregiver wellbeing during pregnancy and the first year of life, and a **retrospective self-report** of adverse experiences in late adolescence. - Neural data were analyzed using univariate activation, representational similarity analysis (**RSA**), and inter-subject RSA (**IS-RSA**). - IS-RSA evaluated intersubject similarity using two pairwise metrics: **absolute pairwise difference** and **pairwise average**. - Higher prospective ELS was associated with better RMET behavioral performance. - Only one cortical region—**left anterior inferior frontal sulcus**—survived correction across 360 cortical regions in RSA and IS-RSA analyses. - In that region, IS-RSA effects followed the **pairwise average** pattern: low-exposure participants shared a more typical neural representational geometry, whereas high-exposure participants showed progressively more idiosyncratic neural representations. - Higher prospective ELS also related to reduced separation between RMET and control conditions in the same region, indicating weaker task-specific representational differentiation. - The retrospective self-report measure of ELS showed no significant behavioral or neural associations in this study. - The findings emphasize the developmental susceptibility of **mentalizing**-related neural representations to early caregiving-related risk and highlight the need to disentangle mentalizing processes from lexical-semantic and semantic-control demands in future research.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
[](https://www.biorxiv.org/cdn-cgi/content?id=jRyX3j4fXNDc5OHrsyGD65dtZYli9yW7oF6MO.GVY2Q-1790022211.198601-1.2.1.1-6RHEkyVVg5bb4.yAAqPOabejiNlHMPBZIz17q7RLj3CZ6MjUpS2dQr3DkHwYviU6) [Skip to main content](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602v1?rss=1#main-content) [![bioRxiv](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/biorxiv_article_logo.jpg)](https://www.biorxiv.org/) * [Home](https://www.biorxiv.org/) * [Submit](https://www.biorxiv.org/submit-a-manuscript) * [FAQ](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ) * [Blog](https://connect.biorxiv.org/news/) * [ALERTS / RSS](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/alertsrss) * [Resources](https://connect.biorxiv.org/resources/) * [About](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/about-biorxiv) * [Channels](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602v1?rss=1) * [4D Nucleome](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/66) * [Academia Sinica](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/38) * [Advances in Genome Biology and Technology (AGBT) General Meeting 2016 #AGBT16](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/10) * [Albert Einstein College of Medicine](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/4) * [Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/195) * [Allen Institute for Cell Science](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/71) * [Arc Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/224) * [Babraham Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/197) * [BICCN/BICAN](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/208) * [BioImaging North America](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/194) * [Biology of Genomes 2016 #BOG16](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/19) * [Breakthrough Discoveries for Thriving with Bipolar Disorder](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/236) * [Brown University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/9) * [California Institute of Technology](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/32) * [Carnegie Mellon University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/19) * [Case Western Reserve University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/36) * [Central Oxford Structural Microscopy and Imaging](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/143) * [Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/190) * [Chan Zuckerberg Biohub](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/121) * [Columbia University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/27) * [Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/184) * [DREAM](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/153) * [Drug Development and Clinical Therapeutics](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/52) * [ENCODE](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/177) * [Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/211) * [European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/159) * [Francis Crick Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/88) * [Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/28) * [Georgia Institute of Technology](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/20) * [Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/151) * [The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/227) * [Human Cell Atlas](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/163) * [Human Pangenome Reference Consortium (HPRC)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/215) * [IMO Workshop](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/8) * [Impact of Genomic Variation on Function (IGVF)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/214) * [Institut Pasteur](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/235/channel) * [Institute of Science and Technology Austria](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/12) * [International Human Epigenome Consortium (IHEC)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/219) * [International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/185) * [Iowa State University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/6) * [Johns Hopkins University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/47) * [Mathematical Oncology](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/1) * [Micron Oxford](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/116) * [Michigan State University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/7) * [Morgridge Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/57) * [National Taiwan University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/39) * [NCI Cancer Systems Biology Consortium](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/210) * [NF Open Science Initiative](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/213) * [NCI Human Tumor Atlas Network](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/171) * [Neuromatch Conference](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/209) * [NeurotechEU](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/189) * [North Carolina State University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/37) * [Northeastern University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/54) * [Oregon Health & Sciences University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/22) * [RNA Therapeutics Institute at UMass Chan Med School](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/243) * [Rosetta Commons](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/191) * [Rutgers University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/31) * [SeroNet](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/192) * [Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/74) * [Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution #SMBE2016](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/29) * [Somatic Cell Genome Editing Program](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/167) * [Somatic Mosaicism across the Human Tissues Network](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/222) * [SPARC](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/187) * [Stowers Institute for Medical Research](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/3) * [Stockholm University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/14) * [Tel Aviv University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/8) * [The Michael J. Fox Foundation](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/207) * [The Rockefeller University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/2) * [The Sainsbury Laboratory](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/98) * [The Whitehead Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/212) * [University of Connecticut Health Center](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/16) * [University of California, Berkeley](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/13) * [University of California, San Diego](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/41) * [University of California, San Francisco](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/10) * [University of Chicago](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/42) * [University of Geneva](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/26) * [University of Guelph](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/23) * [University of Hong Kong](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/29) * [University of Illinois Chicago](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/43) * [University of Iowa](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/24) * [University of Kansas](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/33) * [University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/44) * [University of New South Wales](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/25) * [University of Ottawa](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/35) * [University of Sydney](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/50) * [Vanderbilt University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/30) * [Vienna BioCenter](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/186) * [Washington University in St. Louis](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/11) * [Weizmann Institute of Science](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/15) * [Yale University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/53) Search for this keyword [Advanced Search](https://www.biorxiv.org/search) New Results Follow this preprint # The Influence of Early Life Stress on the Development of Neural Representations during Mentalizing [ View ORCID Profile](http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3218-8290)Miro Ilomäki, [ View ORCID Profile](http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4636-1226)Jallu Lindblom, [ View ORCID Profile](http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-4357)Marjo Flykt, [ View ORCID Profile](http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-5012)Mervi Vänskä, [ View ORCID Profile](http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9931-2028)Patrik Wikman doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. Miro Ilomäki 1 University of Helsinki; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Miro%2BIlom%C3%A4ki%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ilom%C3%A4ki%20M&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AMiro%2BIlom%25C3%25A4ki%2B) * [ORCID record for Miro Ilomäki](http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3218-8290 "Open in new tab") * For correspondence: miro.ilomaki@helsinki.fi Jallu Lindblom 2 Tampere University * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Jallu%2BLindblom%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lindblom%20J&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AJallu%2BLindblom%2B) * [ORCID record for Jallu Lindblom](http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4636-1226 "Open in new tab") Marjo Flykt 1 University of Helsinki; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Marjo%2BFlykt%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Flykt%20M&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AMarjo%2BFlykt%2B) * [ORCID record for Marjo Flykt](http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-4357 "Open in new tab") Mervi Vänskä 2 Tampere University * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Mervi%2BV%C3%A4nsk%C3%A4%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=V%C3%A4nsk%C3%A4%20M&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AMervi%2BV%25C3%25A4nsk%25C3%25A4%2B) * [ORCID record for Mervi Vänskä](http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-5012 "Open in new tab") Patrik Wikman 1 University of Helsinki; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Patrik%2BWikman%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wikman%20P&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3APatrik%2BWikman%2B) * [ORCID record for Patrik Wikman](http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9931-2028 "Open in new tab") * [Abstract](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602v1)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_art/node:5798475/1) * [Info/History](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602v1.article-info)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_info/node:5798475/1) * [Metrics](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602v1.article-metrics)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_metrics/node:5798475/1) * [Supplementary material](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602v1.supplementary-material)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_data/node:5798475/1) * [ Preview PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602v1.full.pdf+html)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_pdf/node:5798475/1) ![Loading](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif) ## Abstract Early life stress (ELS) is associated with altered social cognition, but the neurodevelopmental mechanisms of this association remain understudied. In the present longitudinal study spanning 20-years, eighty-nine young adults performed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) with a matched control condition during fMRI. Two ELS indices were inspected separately: a prospective cumulative risk score based on caregiver wellbeing during pregnancy and first year of life, and a retrospective self-report of adverse experiences by the participants in late adolescence. Neural outcomes were characterized by univariate activation, representational similarity analysis (RSA), and inter-subject RSA. Inter-subject RSA tested two pairwise approaches to intersubject similarity in ELS: absolute pairwise difference, and pairwise average. Prospective ELS was associated with better RMET performance, and one region survived correction across 360 cortical regions tested in RSA and IS-RSA: left anterior inferior frontal sulcus. The IS-RSA effect was pairwise average: low-exposure participants shared a more typical neural representational geometry, while high-exposure participants demonstrated increasing neural representational idiosyncrasy. Additionally, higher prospective ELS was associated with weaker RMET-versus-control separation within the same region. Retrospective ELS yielded no behavioral nor neural associations. The present study offers novel findings relating to neural representations of mentalizing using the RMET, alongside their neurodevelopmental susceptibility to ELS. The present study additionally highlights implications relating to the differentiation of mentalizing from lexical-semantic and semantic-control demands for future research. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ## Funder Information Declared Research Council of Finland, #3266413, #323845 Suomen Aivosäätiö, https://ror.org/01qe64w73 Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation, https://ror.org/01eqe2r17 Finnish Cultural Foundation, https://ror.org/027xav248 Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a [CC-BY 4.0 International license](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). bioRxiv and medRxiv thank the following for their generous financial support: > The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the Sergey Brin Family Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, The University of Edinburgh, University of Washington, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. [Donate to openRxiv ](https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/donation-form/donate-to-make-a-difference-10981) [ Back to top](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602v1?rss=1#page) [ Previous](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.16.752019v1 "Dermal bone grows by cellular invasion and intercalary biomineralization")[Next ](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.11.750824v2 "A chromosome-level reference genome assembly reveals extreme loss of Y-chromosomal diversity in the Saimaa ringed seal \(Pusa saimensis\)") Posted September 21, 2026. [ Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602v1.full.pdf) Print/Save Options [Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.18.752602.full.pdf)Full Text & In-line FiguresXML [More Info](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#PrintOptions "More Information on Print/Save Options") [Supplementary Material ](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602v1.supplementary-material) [ Email](https://www.biorxiv.org/ "Email this Article") [ Share](https://www.biorxiv.org/) The Influence of Early Life Stress on the Development of Neural Representations during Mentalizing Miro Ilomäki, Jallu Lindblom, Marjo Flykt, Mervi Vänskä, Patrik Wikman bioRxiv 2026.09.18.752602; doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. Share This Article: Copy [![Twitter logo](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/twitter.png)](https://www.biorxiv.org/highwire_log/share/twitter?link=http%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fshare%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.64898%2F2026.09.18.752602v1%26text%3DThe%2520Influence%2520of%2520Early%2520Life%2520Stress%2520on%2520the%2520Development%2520of%2520Neural%2520Representations%2520during%2520Mentalizing "Share this on Twitter") [![Facebook logo](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/fb-blue.png)](https://www.biorxiv.org/highwire_log/share/facebook?link=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fsharer.php%3Fu%3Dhttps%253A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.64898%2F2026.09.18.752602v1%26t%3DThe%2520Influence%2520of%2520Early%2520Life%2520Stress%2520on%2520the%2520Development%2520of%2520Neural%2520Representations%2520during%2520Mentalizing "Share on Facebook") [![LinkedIn logo](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/linkedin-32px.png)](https://www.biorxiv.org/highwire_log/share/linkedin?link=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2FshareArticle%3Fmini%3Dtrue%26url%3Dhttps%253A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.64898%2F2026.09.18.752602v1%26title%3DThe%2520Influence%2520of%2520Early%2520Life%2520Stress%2520on%2520the%2520Development%2520of%2520Neural%2520Representations%2520during%2520Mentalizing%26summary%3D%26source%3DbioRxiv "Publish this post to LinkedIn") [![Mendeley logo](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/mendeley.png)](https://www.biorxiv.org/highwire_log/share/mendeley?link=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mendeley.com%2Fimport%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.64898%2F2026.09.18.752602v1%26title%3DThe%2520Influence%2520of%2520Early%2520Life%2520Stress%2520on%2520the%2520Development%2520of%2520Neural%2520Representations%2520during%2520Mentalizing "Share on Mendeley") [ Citation Tools](https://www.biorxiv.org/ "Citation Tools") [ Get QR code](https://connect.biorxiv.org/qr/2026.09.18.752602) * [Tweet Widget](http://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A//www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602v1&count=horizontal&via=&text=The%20Influence%20of%20Early%20Life%20Stress%20on%20the%20Development%20of%20Neural%20Representations%20during%20Mentalizing&counturl=www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.18.752602v1 "Tweet This") Reviews and Context 0 Comment 0 TRIP Peer Reviews 0 Community Reviews 0 Automated Services 0 Blogs/Media 0 Author Videos **Subject Areas** [**All Articles**](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/recent
## Related Clinical Research

- [Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation Increases Occipital Alpha Power in Healthy Adults](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-21-effect-of-stimulation-parameters-for-transcranial-temporal-interference.md)
- [Dale’s law, stability and nonlinearity enable transient and self‑sustained neural dynamics](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-18-dale-s-law-stability-and-nonlinearity-are-sufficient-constraints-to-ignite.md)
- [Orexin agonist ALKS 7290 shows ADHD symptom improvement in early Phase 1 trial](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/stat-news-0-stat-alkermes-orexin-agonist-shows-potential-to-treat-adhd-in-early-stage-trial.md)
- [Basic versus Dual-task Training in Parkinson’s Disease: Results from the PARKEX Trial](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-15-effects-of-basic-and-dual-task-training-programs-on-physical-function-in.md)
- [More REM (dream) sleep linked to lower risk of 83 diseases—UK Biobank study](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-0-more-dream-sleep-linked-to-lower-risk-of-83-diseases-including-diabetes.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Neurology Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/neurology.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.