---
title: "Glymphatic Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis vs Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder — Article C"
id: "frontiers-in-immunology-14-disease-specific-patterns-of-glymphatic-related-dysfunction-between-multiple"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/frontiers-in-immunology-14-disease-specific-patterns-of-glymphatic-related-dysfunction-between-multiple"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Neurology"
source_name: "Frontiers in Immunology"
source_url: "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917373"
published_at: "2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Glymphatic Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis vs Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder — Article C
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/frontiers-in-immunology-14-disease-specific-patterns-of-glymphatic-related-dysfunction-between-multiple
- **Specialty:** [Neurology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/neurology.md)
- **Primary Source:** Frontiers in Immunology
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917373)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The source page referenced is an article landing on Frontiers in Immunology but the provided SOURCE JINA body contains only website navigation and repeated journal site elements; the actual article text, methods, results, and conclusions are not present in the supplied content. - No study population details, imaging methods, outcome measures, or statistical results were reported in the provided source text. Specifics on **glymphatic** metrics, differences between **multiple sclerosis** and **neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder**, or disease-specific patterns were not available. - Key information commonly expected in such an article—background, objectives, patient inclusion criteria, imaging protocol, quantitative findings, and clinical implications—were not reported in the supplied source content. - Because the source text is limited to navigation, readers cannot verify claims, reproduce analyses, or extract clinical takeaways from the provided material; full-text access or the correct article body is required for details. - Recommended next steps include retrieving the full article from the journal site or DOI, contacting the publisher, or requesting the complete manuscript; without the original data or text, no factual summary of study findings can be produced. - This summary strictly reflects the content (or absence of content) in the provided SOURCE JINA body and does not infer or invent study outcomes or recommendations.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Frontiers | Disease-specific patterns of glymphatic-related dysfunction between multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Front. Immunol. , 18 September 2026 Sec. Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Volume 17 - 2026 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917373 Published in Frontiers in Immunology Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology 7 impact factor 11.3 citescore Editor & Reviewers Edited by E D EMANUELE D'AMICO Reviewed by J B Jianfeng Bao E L Elle Levit Outline Figures and Tables Figure 1 View in article Figure 2 View in article Figure 3 View in article Figure 4 View in article Figure 5 View in article Figure 6 View in article Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants. View in article ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Front. Immunol. , 18 September 2026 Sec. Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Volume 17 - 2026 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917373 Disease-specific patterns of glymphatic-related dysfunction between multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder X C Xiaoya Chen † K Z Kai Zhang † X D Xiaojuan Dong X Z Xiaohui Zhang Z S Zhuowei Shi Z Y Zichun Yan Q Z Qiyuan Zhu Y P Yuling Peng * Y H Yongliang Han * Y L Yongmei Li * Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China Article metrics View details Abstract Background: Glymphatic dysfunction has been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), yet disease-specific patterns of glymphatic-related impairment and their structural and cognitive consequences remain poorly characterized. Methods: This study enrolled 196 MS patients, 88 NMOSD patients, and 108 healthy controls (HC). Glymphatic-related function was assessed using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) and periventricular diffusivity (PVeD). Between-group differences, partial correlations with structural and clinical outcomes, AQP4 subgroup comparisons, mediation analyses, and subcortical atrophy-based subgroup analyses were performed to characterize disease-specific glymphatic-related impairment patterns. Results: MS showed more extensive glymphatic-related impairment than NMOSD, with significant reductions in both DTI-ALPS and PVeD compared to HC (all p 0.05). A significant sex imbalance was observed in the GE cohort (χ² = 13.447, p = 0.001), which was addressed by including sex as a covariate in all analyses. EDSS was significantly higher in NMOSD than MS in the Siemens cohort (2.31 ± 1.72 vs. 1.36 ± 1.64, p 0.05). MS patients also showed significantly lower PVeD and DTI-ALPS than NMOSD (both p < 0.05). In the GE replication cohort, MS showed significantly lower DTI-ALPS and PVeD compared to HC (all p < 0.001). NMOSD showed significantly lower DTI-ALPS and PVeD compared to HC (both p < 0.01). MS showed significantly lower DTI-ALPS and lower PVeD Mean than NMOSD (both p < 0.05). Exact effect sizes, confidence intervals, and p-values for all comparisons are shown in Figure 2 ; detailed inter-group differences for the left and right sides are presented in Supplemen
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