---
title: "LIKA: Likelihood-based inference of kinase activity reveals altered phosphorylation networks in sc"
id: "biorxiv-16-inferring-disruption-of-directed-graphs-using-lika-reveals-altered-protein"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-16-inferring-disruption-of-directed-graphs-using-lika-reveals-altered-protein"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Neurology"
source_name: "bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)"
source_url: "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1?rss=1"
published_at: "2026-08-07T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Verified Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# LIKA: Likelihood-based inference of kinase activity reveals altered phosphorylation networks in sc
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-16-inferring-disruption-of-directed-graphs-using-lika-reveals-altered-protein
- **Specialty:** [Neurology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/neurology.md)
- **Primary Source:** bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1?rss=1)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-07T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Verified Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Motivation: Kinases control many protein functions, but direct measurement of kinase activity is difficult; inferring activity from substrates is a common alternative. - Limitation of prior methods: Traditional approaches often simplify kinase–substrate networks and ignore that substrates can be targeted by multiple kinases, reducing accuracy. - Method introduced: **LIKA** is a likelihood-based framework designed to infer kinase activity from **phosphoproteomic** data while explicitly modeling many-to-many kinase–substrate relationships. - Modeling advantage: By representing directed graphs with multiple incoming edges per substrate, LIKA captures network complexity and improves inference efficiency, especially with limited data. - Validation: The authors report simulation studies and analyses in cell lines demonstrating LIKA’s robustness and accuracy compared with simpler methods (details of metrics and comparisons were not reported in the source summary). - Application to human data: Applying LIKA to a phosphoproteomic dataset from individuals with **schizophrenia** and controls identified novel dysregulated kinases and altered protein phosphorylation networks in schizophrenia. - Reproducibility: Implementation code and the used publicly available data are provided in a GitHub repository: https://github.com/lujingz/LIKA. - Study status: The work is presented as a preprint and has not undergone peer review; funding sources include the Simons Foundation and NIH grants listed in the source. - Competing interests: The authors declared no competing interest. - Overall implication: LIKA provides a more realistic network-aware statistical approach to infer kinase activity from phosphoproteomics and can reveal disease-associated signaling disruptions such as those seen in schizophrenia.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
[](https://www.biorxiv.org/cdn-cgi/content?id=4UUgENrAWCmu4OWTmY7bSokLnBactKSZPaEF9mSg7LI-1786275765.3675275-1.2.1.1-lTyZPkxj1S3ktTheHWrjh_I7yCczTizn_EEv4n89noE) [Skip to main content](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1?rss=1#main-content) [![bioRxiv](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/biorxiv_article_logo.jpg)](https://www.biorxiv.org/) * [Home](https://www.biorxiv.org/) * [Submit](https://www.biorxiv.org/submit-a-manuscript) * [FAQ](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ) * [Blog](https://connect.biorxiv.org/news/) * [ALERTS / RSS](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/alertsrss) * [Resources](https://connect.biorxiv.org/resources/) * [About](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/about-biorxiv) * [Channels](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1?rss=1) * [4D Nucleome](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/66) * [Academia Sinica](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/38) * [Advances in Genome Biology and Technology (AGBT) General Meeting 2016 #AGBT16](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/10) * [Albert Einstein College of Medicine](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/4) * [Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/195) * [Allen Institute for Cell Science](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/71) * [Arc Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/224) * [Babraham Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/197) * [BICCN/BICAN](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/208) * [BioImaging North America](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/194) * [Biology of Genomes 2016 #BOG16](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/19) * [Breakthrough Discoveries for Thriving with Bipolar Disorder](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/236) * [Brown University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/9) * [California Institute of Technology](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/32) * [Carnegie Mellon University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/19) * [Case Western Reserve University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/36) * [Central Oxford Structural Microscopy and Imaging](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/143) * [Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/190) * [Chan Zuckerberg Biohub](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/121) * [Columbia University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/27) * [Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/184) * [DREAM](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/153) * [Drug Development and Clinical Therapeutics](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/52) * [ENCODE](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/177) * [Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/211) * [European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/159) * [Francis Crick Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/88) * [Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/28) * [Georgia Institute of Technology](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/20) * [Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/151) * [The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/227) * [Human Cell Atlas](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/163) * [Human Pangenome Reference Consortium (HPRC)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/215) * [IMO Workshop](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/8) * [Impact of Genomic Variation on Function (IGVF)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/214) * [Institut Pasteur](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/235/channel) * [Institute of Science and Technology Austria](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/12) * [International Human Epigenome Consortium (IHEC)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/219) * [International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/185) * [Iowa State University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/6) * [Johns Hopkins University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/47) * [Mathematical Oncology](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/1) * [Micron Oxford](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/116) * [Michigan State University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/7) * [Morgridge Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/57) * [National Taiwan University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/39) * [NCI Cancer Systems Biology Consortium](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/210) * [NF Open Science Initiative](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/213) * [NCI Human Tumor Atlas Network](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/171) * [Neuromatch Conference](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/209) * [NeurotechEU](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/189) * [North Carolina State University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/37) * [Northeastern University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/54) * [Oregon Health & Sciences University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/22) * [RNA Therapeutics Institute at UMass Chan Med School](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/243) * [Rosetta Commons](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/191) * [Rutgers University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/31) * [SeroNet](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/192) * [Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI)](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/74) * [Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution #SMBE2016](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/29) * [Somatic Cell Genome Editing Program](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/167) * [Somatic Mosaicism across the Human Tissues Network](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/222) * [SPARC](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/187) * [Stowers Institute for Medical Research](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/3) * [Stockholm University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/14) * [Tel Aviv University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/8) * [The Michael J. Fox Foundation](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/207) * [The Rockefeller University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/2) * [The Sainsbury Laboratory](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/98) * [The Whitehead Institute](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/212) * [University of Connecticut Health Center](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/16) * [University of California, Berkeley](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/13) * [University of California, San Diego](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/41) * [University of California, San Francisco](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/10) * [University of Chicago](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/42) * [University of Geneva](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/26) * [University of Guelph](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/23) * [University of Hong Kong](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/29) * [University of Illinois Chicago](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/43) * [University of Iowa](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/24) * [University of Kansas](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/33) * [University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/44) * [University of New South Wales](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/25) * [University of Ottawa](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/35) * [University of Sydney](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/50) * [Vanderbilt University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/30) * [Vienna BioCenter](https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/186) * [Washington University in St. Louis](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/11) * [Weizmann Institute of Science](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/15) * [Yale University](https://connect.biorxiv.org/group/content/53) Search for this keyword [Advanced Search](https://www.biorxiv.org/search) New Results Follow this preprint # Inferring disruption of directed graphs using LIKA reveals altered protein phosphorylation networks in schizophrenia Lujing Zhang, Andrew G. Demarco, Kimia Ghafari, Bernie Devlin, Matthew L MacDonald, Kathryn Roeder doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. Lujing Zhang 1 Carnegie Mellon University; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Lujing%2BZhang%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zhang%20L&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ALujing%2BZhang%2B) * For correspondence: lujingz@andrew.cmu.edu Andrew G. Demarco 2 University of Pittsburgh; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Andrew%2BG.%2BDemarco%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Demarco%20AG&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AAndrew%2BG.%2BDemarco%2B) Kimia Ghafari 2 University of Pittsburgh; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Kimia%2BGhafari%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ghafari%20K&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AKimia%2BGhafari%2B) Bernie Devlin 2 University of Pittsburgh; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Bernie%2BDevlin%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Devlin%20B&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3ABernie%2BDevlin%2B) Matthew L MacDonald 3 University of Pittburgh * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Matthew%2BL%2BMacDonald%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=MacDonald%20ML&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AMatthew%2BL%2BMacDonald%2B) Kathryn Roeder 1 Carnegie Mellon University; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Kathryn%2BRoeder%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Roeder%20K&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AKathryn%2BRoeder%2B) * [Abstract](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_art/node:5688785/1) * [Info/History](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1.article-info)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_info/node:5688785/1) * [Metrics](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1.article-metrics)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_metrics/node:5688785/1) * [Supplementary material](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1.supplementary-material)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_data/node:5688785/1) * [Data/Code](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1.external-links)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_data_code/node:5688785/1) * [ Preview PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1.full.pdf+html)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_pdf/node:5688785/1) ![Loading](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif) ## Abstract Motivation: Kinases regulate a multitude of protein functions, and their dysregulation is pivotal for many human diseases. Direct measurement of kinase activity, however, is often challenging; therefore, inferring activity from the behavior of their substrates is a widely adopted strategy. Nonetheless, traditional methods typically oversimplify the underlying network, ignoring that any particular substrate can be phosphorylated by multiple kinases. Results: We present LIKA, a likelihood-based framework for inferring kinase activity from phosphoproteomic data. By modeling the many-to-many structure of kinase-substrate interactions, LIKA achieves high efficiency, even with limited data, while capturing network complexity. Simulation and cell line analyses confirm the robustness and accuracy of LIKA. Importantly, analysis of a phosphoproteomic dataset from schizophrenia and control subjects reveals novel dysregulated kinases. Availability and Implementation: The implementation code and publicly available data are provided at: https://github.com/lujingz/LIKA. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ## Footnotes * * ## Funder Information Declared Simons Foundation, SF1018804 National Institutes of Health, https://ror.org/01cwqze88, MH125235, MH123184 Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a [CC-BY 4.0 International license](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). bioRxiv and medRxiv thank the following for their generous financial support: > The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the Sergey Brin Family Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, The University of Edinburgh, University of Washington, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. [Donate to openRxiv ](https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/donation-form/donate-to-make-a-difference-10981) [ Back to top](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1?rss=1#page) [ Previous](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710633v2 "The Tangled History and Taxonomy of an Iconic Chorus Frog Complex Clarified using Genomic Analyses")[Next ](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.742174v1 "Early Emergence of Cultural Differences in Audiovisual Speech Perception") Posted August 07, 2026. [ Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1.full.pdf) Print/Save Options [Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/07/2026.08.06.743374.full.pdf)Full Text & In-line FiguresXML [More Info](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#PrintOptions "More Information on Print/Save Options") [Supplementary Material ](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1.supplementary-material) [ Data/Code](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2026/08/07/2026.08.06.743374.external-links) [ Email](https://www.biorxiv.org/ "Email this Article") [ Share](https://www.biorxiv.org/) Inferring disruption of directed graphs using LIKA reveals altered protein phosphorylation networks in schizophrenia Lujing Zhang, Andrew G. Demarco, Kimia Ghafari, Bernie Devlin, Matthew L MacDonald, Kathryn Roeder bioRxiv 2026.08.06.743374; doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. Share This Article: Copy [![Twitter logo](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/twitter.png)](https://www.biorxiv.org/highwire_log/share/twitter?link=http%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fshare%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.64898%2F2026.08.06.743374v1%26text%3DInferring%2520disruption%2520of%2520directed%2520graphs%2520using%2520LIKA%2520reveals%2520altered%2520protein%2520phosphorylation%2520networks%2520in%2520schizophrenia "Share this on Twitter") [![Facebook logo](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/fb-blue.png)](https://www.biorxiv.org/highwire_log/share/facebook?link=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fsharer.php%3Fu%3Dhttps%253A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.64898%2F2026.08.06.743374v1%26t%3DInferring%2520disruption%2520of%2520directed%2520graphs%2520using%2520LIKA%2520reveals%2520altered%2520protein%2520phosphorylation%2520networks%2520in%2520schizophrenia "Share on Facebook") [![LinkedIn logo](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/linkedin-32px.png)](https://www.biorxiv.org/highwire_log/share/linkedin?link=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2FshareArticle%3Fmini%3Dtrue%26url%3Dhttps%253A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.64898%2F2026.08.06.743374v1%26title%3DInferring%2520disruption%2520of%2520directed%2520graphs%2520using%2520LIKA%2520reveals%2520altered%2520protein%2520phosphorylation%2520networks%2520in%2520schizophrenia%26summary%3D%26source%3DbioRxiv "Publish this post to LinkedIn") [![Mendeley logo](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/mendeley.png)](https://www.biorxiv.org/highwire_log/share/mendeley?link=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mendeley.com%2Fimport%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.64898%2F2026.08.06.743374v1%26title%3DInferring%2520disruption%2520of%2520directed%2520graphs%2520using%2520LIKA%2520reveals%2520altered%2520protein%2520phosphorylation%2520networks%2520in%2520schizophrenia "Share on Mendeley") [ Citation Tools](https://www.biorxiv.org/ "Citation Tools") [ Get QR code](https://connect.biorxiv.org/qr/2026.08.06.743374) * [Tweet Widget](http://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A//www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1&count=horizontal&via=&text=Inferring%20disruption%20of%20directed%20graphs%20using%20LIKA%20reveals%20altered%20protein%20phosphorylation%20networks%20in%20schizophrenia&counturl=www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.06.743374v1 "Tweet This") ## Subject Area * [Bioinformatics ](https://www.biorxiv.org/collection/bioinformatics) Reviews and Context 0 Comment 0 TRIP Peer Reviews 0 Community Reviews 0 Automated Services 0 Blogs/Media 0 Author Videos **Subject Areas** [**All Articles**](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/recent) * [Animal Behavior and Cognition](https://www.biorxiv.org/collection/animal-behavior-and-cognition) (7871) * [Biochemistry](https://www.biorxiv.org/collection/biochemistry) (18402) * [Bioengineering](https://www.biorxiv.org/collection/bioengineering) (14575) * [Bioinformatics](https://www.biorxiv.org/collection/bioinformatics) (43521) * [Biophysics](https://www.biorxiv.org/collection/biophysics) (22178) * [Cancer Biology](https://www.biorxiv.org/collecti
## Related Clinical Research

- [Theory of Mind fMRI Activation Linked to Dimensional Symptoms More than Categorical Diagnoses](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-4-dimensional-and-categorical-predictors-of-theory-of-mind-network-activation-a.md)
- [ESCRT-I Inhibition Restores NMDAR Function and Synaptic Homeostasis in a Cellular Schizophrenia Mo](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-12-escrt-i-inhibition-protects-against-nmdar-hypofunction-and-restores-synaptic.md)
- [EEG-derived indices classify sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from Alzheimer’s and healthy aging](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-17-classification-of-sporadic-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-based-on-resting-state.md)
- [Retinal changes on OCT may predict atrial fibrillation risk years earlier](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-0-how-changes-in-the-eyes-may-help-spot-afib-risk-years-early.md)
- [Emergency diagnosis frequency and outcomes across 13 non-cancer conditions in England: analysis of](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-medicine-2-frequency-and-prognostic-outcomes-of-emergency-diagnosis-in-13-non-neoplastic.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Neurology Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/neurology.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.