---
title: "Prism adaptation plus electrical stimulation increases cortical excitability in hand and leg muscl"
id: "pubmed-42119897"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42119897"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Neurology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/"
doi: "10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116263"
published_at: "2026-08-05T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Prism adaptation plus electrical stimulation increases cortical excitability in hand and leg muscl
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42119897
- **Specialty:** [Neurology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/neurology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116263](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbr.2026.116263)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-05T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Right-shifting **prism adaptation (PA)** produces an expected leftward visuomotor aftereffect on upper-limb pointing in young, able-bodied adults. - Adding somatosensory **electrical stimulation (Stim)** to PA was tested to determine whether it augments corticomotor excitability and whether effects transfer to lower-limb muscles. - Single-blind, randomized crossover study with 15 healthy participants (ages 18–35) compared one session of PA+Stim versus PA+Sham with at least a 3-week washout. - Sensory-level stimulation or sham was delivered to the left upper limb during PA. Behavioral (visuo-proprioceptive and proprioceptive pointing) and neurophysiological (single- and paired-pulse TMS) measures were acquired immediately before and after each session. - Corticomotor excitability and intra-cortical inhibition were assessed using motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in bilateral first dorsal interossei (FDI) and left tibialis anterior and soleus muscles. - Both PA+Stim and PA+Sham produced significant leftward behavioral aftereffects on visuo-proprioceptive pointing (p < 0.001) and proprioceptive pointing (PA+Stim p < 0.001; PA+Sham p < 0.002), with no significant difference in behavioral magnitude between conditions. - Neurophysiologically, only **PA+Stim** produced a significant increase in MEP amplitude in the left **FDI**. - PA+Sham versus PA+Stim showed significant differences in PA-induced modulation of **intra-cortical inhibition** in the left FDI and left tibialis anterior, indicating differential intracortical effects across conditions. - Overall, combining PA with sensory electrical stimulation produced greater neurophysiological modulation and evidence of inter-effector (upper-to-lower limb) transfer compared with PA alone, despite similar behavioral aftereffects.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42119897%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/af7de7da-df5d-41c6-8de4-8c266af8ccfb/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42119897%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42119897%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Full text links [![Elsevier Science full text link](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-PubMedLink.gif) Elsevier Science ](https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0166-4328\(26\)00239-1 "See full text options at Elsevier Science")[ Free PMC article ](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/42119897/ "Free full text at PubMed Central") [ Full text links ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/) ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#abstract) * [ Conflict of interest statement ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#conflict-of-interest) * [ Figures ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#figures) * [Similar articles](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#similar) * [ References ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#references) * [ Publication types ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#publication-types) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#mesh-terms) * [Related information](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#related-links) * [ Grants and funding ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#grants) * [ LinkOut - more resources ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#linkout) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Figures Similar articles References Publication types MeSH terms Related information Grants and funding LinkOut - more resources Randomized Controlled Trial Behav Brain Res Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Behav+Brain+Res%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Behav+Brain+Res%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/) . 2026 Aug 5:511:116263. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116263. Epub 2026 May 11. # Effects of prism adaptation combined with electrical stimulation on cortical excitability of upper and lower limb muscles [Fisayo Kemi Aloba](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aloba+FK&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#full-view-affiliation-1 "DPT, Emory University, United States. Electronic address: oaloba@emory.edu."), [Peii Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+P&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Kessler Foundation, United States. Electronic address: pchen@kesslerfoundation.org."), [Jasmine Hope](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hope+J&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: jhope@emory.edu."), [Jacob Spencer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Spencer+J&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: jspenc46@uic.edu."), [Maithri Muthukumar](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Muthukumar+M&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: maithri.muthukumar@emory.edu."), [Taylor Leone](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Leone+T&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: taylor.marie.leone@emory.edu."), [Vyoma Parikh](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Parikh+V&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#full-view-affiliation-7 "Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: vyoma.parikh@emory.edu."), [Michael R Borich](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Borich+MR&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#full-view-affiliation-8 "Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: michael.borich@emory.edu."), [Trisha M Kesar](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kesar+TM&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#full-view-affiliation-9 "Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: trisha.m.kesar@emory.edu.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 DPT, Emory University, United States. Electronic address: oaloba@emory.edu. * 2 Kessler Foundation, United States. Electronic address: pchen@kesslerfoundation.org. * 3 Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: jhope@emory.edu. * 4 Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: jspenc46@uic.edu. * 5 Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: maithri.muthukumar@emory.edu. * 6 Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: taylor.marie.leone@emory.edu. * 7 Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: vyoma.parikh@emory.edu. * 8 Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: michael.borich@emory.edu. * 9 Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: trisha.m.kesar@emory.edu. * PMID: **42119897** * PMCID: [ PMC13330644 ](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13330644/) * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116263 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116263) Item in Clipboard Randomized Controlled Trial # Effects of prism adaptation combined with electrical stimulation on cortical excitability of upper and lower limb muscles Fisayo Kemi Aloba et al. Behav Brain Res. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Behav Brain Res Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Behav+Brain+Res%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Behav+Brain+Res%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/) . 2026 Aug 5:511:116263. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116263. Epub 2026 May 11. ### Authors [Fisayo Kemi Aloba](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aloba+FK&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#short-view-affiliation-1 "DPT, Emory University, United States. Electronic address: oaloba@emory.edu."), [Peii Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+P&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Kessler Foundation, United States. Electronic address: pchen@kesslerfoundation.org."), [Jasmine Hope](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hope+J&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: jhope@emory.edu."), [Jacob Spencer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Spencer+J&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: jspenc46@uic.edu."), [Maithri Muthukumar](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Muthukumar+M&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: maithri.muthukumar@emory.edu."), [Taylor Leone](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Leone+T&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: taylor.marie.leone@emory.edu."), [Vyoma Parikh](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Parikh+V&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#short-view-affiliation-7 "Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: vyoma.parikh@emory.edu."), [Michael R Borich](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Borich+MR&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#short-view-affiliation-8 "Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: michael.borich@emory.edu."), [Trisha M Kesar](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kesar+TM&cauthor_id=42119897)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119897/#short-view-affiliation-9 "Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: trisha.m.kesar@emory.edu.") ### Affiliations * 1 DPT, Emory University, United States. Electronic address: oaloba@emory.edu. * 2 Kessler Foundation, United States. Electronic address: pchen@kesslerfoundation.org. * 3 Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: jhope@emory.edu. * 4 Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: jspenc46@uic.edu. * 5 Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: maithri.muthukumar@emory.edu. * 6 Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: taylor.marie.leone@emory.edu. * 7 Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: vyoma.parikh@emory.edu. * 8 Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: michael.borich@emory.edu. * 9 Emory University, United States of America. Electronic address: trisha.m.kesar@emory.edu. * PMID: **42119897** * PMCID: [ PMC13330644 ](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13330644/) * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116263 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116263) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Right-shifting prism adaptation (PA) is a well-characterized sensorimotor behavioral phenomenon that induces leftward visuospatial-motor behavioral aftereffects. Somatosensory electrical stimulation (Stim) has been shown to upregulate corticomotor excitability during motor training, and can accentuate the effects of PA. In this study, we investigated the effects of combining PA+Stim on corticomotor excitability and upper limb visuospatial-motor behavior, and whether these effects transfer to the lower limb. We used a single-blind, 2-arm randomized crossover repeated-measures design to compare the effects of 1 session of PA+Stim versus PA+Sham in 15 young able-bodied individuals (18-35 years). During PA, either sensory-level Stim or Sham was delivered to the left upper limb. In addition to upper limb pointing performance, corticomotor excitability, and intra-cortical inhibition were measured before and after PA in the bilateral first dorsal interossei (FDI) and left tibialis anterior and soleus muscles using motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited in response to single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Our results showed that behaviorally, both PA+Stim and PA+Sham showed significant sensorimotor aftereffects, inducing the expected leftward shift during upper limb pointing. Neurophysiologically, only PA+Stim, but not PA+Sham, significantly increased MEP amplitudes in the left FDI. Additionally, PA+Sham versus PA+Stim showed significant differences in PA-induced modulation of intra-cortical inhibition in the left FDI and tibialis anterior. In summary, while both PA+Stim and PA+Sham had similar behavioral aftereffects, only PA+Stim increased cortical excitability and modulated intra-cortical inhibition of the left upper and lower limb. These findings suggest that combining PA with Stim may elicit greater neurophysiological effects and inter-effector transfer to the lower limb compared to PA alone. **Keywords:** Electrical stimulation; Neuroplasticity; Non-invasive brain stimulation; Sensorimotor learning; Visuomotor adaptation; Young adults. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Fisayo Aloba reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## Figures [ ![Figure 1:](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1be2/13330644/c5603af92a52/nihms-2180522-f0001.gif) ](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1be2/13330644/90797726477a/nihms-2180522-f0001.jpg) ** Figure 1: ** **A) Overview of study design:** … ** Figure 1: ** **A) Overview of study design:** Participants were randomized to receive one session of… **Figure 1:** **A) Overview of study design:** Participants were randomized to receive one session of PA combined with either Stim (PA+Stim) or Sham (PA+Sham) in a randomized order with at least a 3-week washout period between the two conditions. Behavioral (visuo-proprioceptive and proprioceptive pointing) and neurophysiological (single and paired-pulse TMS-evoked responses) were obtained immediately Pre and Post each session of PA. **B) Representative behavioral data** during the upper extremity pointing task with eyes open before (without prism glasses on), during (with rightward shifting prism glasses on), and after PA (without prism glasses on). **C) Representative neurophysiological data** showing TMS-evoked MEP responses from the left FDI muscle at pre and post time points in the PA+Sham (left) and PA+Stim (right) conditions. [ ![Figure 2:](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1be2/13330644/fdcccb9c413b/nihms-2180522-f0002.gif) ](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1be2/13330644/fdbbaeea903e/nihms-2180522-f0002.jpg) ** Figure 2:. Effects of PA combined with… ** ** Figure 2:. Effects of PA combined with Stim and Sham on visuospatial-motor behavior: ** **A)** Visuo-proprioceptive… **Figure 2:. Effects of PA combined with Stim and Sham on visuospatial-motor behavior:** **A)** Visuo-proprioceptive pointing (eyes open) performance during the PA+Sham and PA+Stim conditions at pre and post timepoints. Note that there was a significant leftward aftereffect at post versus pre, as shown by a greater negative shift from pre to post for both the PA+Stim condition (p= <0.001) and the PA+Sham condition (p= <0.001). **B)** Proprioceptive pointing (eyes closed) performance during PA+Sham and PA+Stim conditions at the pre and post timepoints. We observed a significant leftward aftereffect, as shown by a shift or deviation toward the left space from pre to post for both the PA+Stim condition (p= <0.001) and for the PA+Sham condition (p= <0.002). **C)** Graphs comparing change scores (post minus pre) for visuo-proprioceptive (eyes open) and proprioceptive pointing (eyes closed) for the PA+Sham and PA+Stim conditions. There was no significant difference in magnitude of PA-induced change between the 2 conditions. [ ![Figure 3:](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1be2/13330644/1af0cbbf40a6/nihms-2180522-f0003.gif) ](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1be2
## Related Clinical Research

- [Public perceptions of concussion reporting in live sport broadcasts](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-15-concussion-in-live-sport-broadcast-coverage-how-do-the-public-perceive-it.md)
- [ICF-based content overlap between tinnitus distress and depression questionnaires](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-21-an-icf-based-content-analysis-of-the-overlap-between-questionnaires-assessing.md)
- [Blood proteomics of menopause reveal links to brain aging and dementia risk](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/nature-2-blood-proteomics-of-menopause-map-to-brain-aging-and-dementia-risk.md)
- [How family history differentiates monogenic from polygenic ALS: simulation study using APECS](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-5-the-value-of-a-family-history-to-distinguish-monogenic-from-polygenic.md)
- [Genetic Links to Alzheimer’s, Lewy Body and Vascular Neuropathology: Shared Genes and Distinct Var](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-10-genetic-associations-with-alzheimer-s-lewy-body-and-vascular-neuropathology.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Neurology Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/neurology.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.